F-Stop or Focal Ratio: Menene Shi Kuma Me yasa yake da Muhimmanci
F-tsayawa or mai da hankali rabo (wani lokaci ana kiran f-ratio ko dangi budewa) kalma ce da ake amfani da ita wajen daukar hoto kuma tana nufin ma'auni tsakanin tsayin ruwan tabarau da diamita na ɗalibin ƙofar.
Wannan siga yana da mahimmanci a sani lokacin harbi da a kamara, kamar yadda yake rinjayar adadin hasken da ke wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau. Girman lambar F-Stop, ƙaramin buɗewar buɗewa, don haka ne ƙarancin haske wanda aka yarda a ciki.
Wannan labarin zai bincika manufar F-Stop dalla-dalla kuma yayi bayani me yasa yake da mahimmanci a gane lokacin harbi.
A cikin wannan sakon za mu rufe:
Menene F-Stop?
F-Tsaya (Kuma aka sani da mai da hankali rabo) wani bangare ne na daukar hoto da ke da alaka da yawan hasken da lens zai iya tattarawa, ko kuma karfinsa na rage girman budewar. Ana auna shi a matsayin rabo tsakanin girman ƙofar shigar da ruwan tabarau da tsayin daka, kuma ana siffanta shi da lamba da ke biye da ita. f, kamar f / 2.8. Ƙananan wannan lambar, ƙaramar ɗalibin ƙofar, yana haifar da ƙarin haske yana iya shiga. Akasin haka, samun babban lambar f-stop yana nufin cewa ƙarancin haske yana iya shiga ta ruwan tabarau da buɗewar ku.
F-Stop kuma yana aiki da hannu-da-hannu da rufe gudun; idan ka san bangare guda zaka iya lissafta daya cikin sauki. Hakanan yana da amfani don mai da hankali kan abu na kusa kamar hotuna ta hanyar haɓaka lambar f-stop ɗinku da ba da damar ingantaccen kulawa da kulawa akan harbinku; wannan ya ƙunshi kowane nau'in daukar hoto tun daga namun daji zuwa ɗaukar hoto na yanayi, amma yana ƙara mahimmanci a cikin ɗaukar hoto inda ake buƙatar ɓata bayanan baya don mai da hankali kawai akan batun ku. Babban lambar f-stop yana ba da damar ƙarin blur bayanan baya da mafi kyawun sarrafa mayar da hankali kan nesa kusa ko zurfin zurfin harbin filin.
Duk ruwan tabarau suna da siffofi daban-daban waɗanda ke shafar iyawar f/lambar su; saboda haka kuna iya samun ruwan tabarau da yawa don biyan bukatunku na musamman lokacin harbi hotuna ko bidiyo. Matsayin mai da hankali kuma yana aiki daban-daban dangane da girman firikwensin; Cikakken kyamarori yawanci suna da zurfin zurfin filin fiye da kyamarori da aka yanke saboda girman firikwensin su - ma'ana ƙarin tazara tsakanin abubuwa domin waɗannan abubuwan su kasance cikin mai da hankali lokaci ɗaya a cikin firam ɗin ku. Fahimtar yadda Matsakaicin Matsayi na iya tasiri damar kyamarar ku na iya taimaka muku yanke shawara game da abin da ruwan tabarau ya fi dacewa don ayyuka daban-daban da kuma yadda za su iya shafar ingancin gabaɗaya yayin aiki tare da ayyuka daban-daban ko yanayin harbi.
Menene Matsayin Faɗakarwa?
Maida hankali, wanda aka fi kira da f-tsaya, shine saitin saurin rufewa da aka bayyana dangane da adadin tsayawa ko girman buɗewar ruwan tabarau wanda ruwan tabarau ya ƙirƙira. Girman lambar shine, ƙarami buɗewar ruwan tabarau da ƙarancin haske wanda ya isa firikwensin kyamarar ku. Yana yawanci jeri daga f/1.4 zuwa f/32 ga mafi yawan ruwan tabarau amma zai iya hawa sama da yawa idan kuna buƙatar ɗaukar haske daga nesa.
Maida hankali yana da mahimmanci saboda yana sarrafa adadin hasken da ya isa firikwensin kyamarar ku, yana ba ku damar ɗaukar hoto da ya fito da kyau ba tare da wuce gona da iri ba. Ƙananan lamba yana ba ku zurfin filin filin yayin da mafi girma zai ba ku zurfin zurfi da kuma mai da hankali kan abubuwa masu nisa. Gudun rufewa a hankali yana buƙatar ƙarin f-stop yayin da saurin rufewa yana buƙatar ƙasa da f-tasha; don haka harbi tare da babban adadin haske yana buƙatar ƙarancin f-tsayawa yayin harbi a cikin ƙaramin haske yana buƙatar ƙari kamar su F8 ko ƙasa tare da saitunan ISO masu dacewa. Ƙarfafa kaifin lokacin tsayawa ƙasa (ragewar F-Stop) shima yana ƙara kaifin hoto gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin canza F-Stop ɗinku, tuna cewa kowane haɓaka sama ko ƙasa yayi daidai da canji a faɗuwa ta tasha ɗaya (daidai da ninka ko ragi adadin haske). Tare da wannan fahimtar, mutum zai iya daidaita ma'aunin hankalinsu dangane da matakan da ake so da kuma zurfin tasirin filin da ake so don ayyukan daukar hoto.
Fahimtar F-Stop
F-tsayawa, wanda aka sani da ita mai da hankali rabo, wani muhimmin ra'ayi ne a cikin daukar hoto da bidiyo, wanda ke taka rawar gani sosai a yadda hotunan ku ke fitowa. F-stop shine rabo tsakanin ruwan tabarau Tsawon hankali da diamita na ɗalibin ƙofar. An bayyana shi azaman lamba, kuma yana iya kewayo daga ƙananan ƙananan f/1.4 har zuwa f/32 ko mafi girma. Fahimtar F-stop yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke neman samun ingantattun hotuna.
Farawa da naku allunan labarin motsi na tsayawa
Biyan kuɗi zuwa wasiƙarmu kuma sami zazzagewarku kyauta tare da allunan labarai uku. Fara da kawo labaran ku da rai!
Za mu yi amfani da adireshin imel ɗin ku kawai don wasiƙun labarai kuma mu girmama ku tsare sirri
Ta yaya F-Stop ke shafar fallasa?
Lokacin da mai daukar hoto ya daidaita budewar (F-Tsaya) na ruwan tabarau, suna shafar kai tsaye nawa haske da aka shigar a cikin ruwan tabarau da firikwensin. Ƙananan F-Stop yana ba da damar ƙarin haske yayin da lambar F mafi girma ta ƙuntata shi. Ta hanyar buɗe buɗewa tare da ƙaramin F-Stop, kuna ƙirƙirar yanki mai faɗi wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin haske don shiga kuma yana taimakawa ƙirƙirar zurfin filin wanda ke ba da kansa da kyau ga hoto ko kowane hoto da ke buƙatar yadudduka mara zurfi da rabuwa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan na iya zama da fa'ida a cikin ƙananan yanayi inda babu isasshen haske don fallasa firam ɗin yadda ya kamata.
Buga kira a cikin F-Tsaya da ya dace don fage shima yana shafar lokacin bayyanarwa kai tsaye, wanda za'a iya daidaita shi ta saurin rufewa akan yawancin kyamarori lokacin saita zuwa yanayin Manual. Don kiyaye bayanan da aka yi niyya ko batun da aka yi niyya sosai, rage saurin rufewar ku kuma daidaita buɗewar ku yadda ya kamata domin hotonku ya fito daidai don cikakken adadin lokaci - kuma kar ku manta da shi. Daidaita ISO kazalika!
Faɗin ra'ayi a bayan f/stop shine wancan daidaita buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen buɗewa da saurin rufewa sune mahimman abubuwan haɗin kai na nasara mai ɗaukar hoto; Dukansu suna shafar tsawon lokacin da firikwensin kyamara ke fallasa zuwa haske mai shigowa. Lokacin yin harbi a cikin Manual, ya kamata ku yi la'akari da dukkan bangarori uku yayin ƙoƙarin samun cikakkun hotuna da aka fallasa:
- Saitunan ISO (ko ji na fim)
- mai saurin rufewa
- f/tasha/budewa don ƙirƙira sauye-sauye kamar zurfin sarrafa filin ko hoton sifa mai motsi.
Menene dangantakar dake tsakanin F-Stop da Focal Ratio?
F-Tsaya shine rabon tsayin hankalin ruwan tabarau zuwa diamita. Mafi girman F-Stop, ƙaramin buɗewa kuma mafi girman zurfin filin a cikin hoton da aka bayar. Ana amfani da F-Stop don sanin yawan hasken da ke kaiwa firikwensin kyamara da kuma yadda fadin ko kunkuntar budewa ke kan ruwan tabarau.
Matsayin Hankali, ko f / tsaya a takaice, ana iya tunanin rabin lissafin da ke ba ku labarin haɗin kyamara da ruwan tabarau. Lokacin da ake magana akan f-stop a cikin daukar hoto, ya shafi galibin saitunan budewa. Kamar saurin rufewa, saitunan buɗaɗɗen buɗewa suna iya daidaita adadin hasken da ke wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau naka kuma su sanya hanyar zuwa firikwensin hotonku (ko fim). Ƙananan lambobi f tashoshi zai haifar da ƙarin haske yayin da mafi girma tasha yana rage hasken wucewa. Don haka, ƙananan tashoshi masu ƙididdigewa za su haifar da hotuna masu haske tare da zurfin filin yayin da mafi girman adadin tasha yana haifar da hotuna masu duhu tare da ƙarin kewayon mayar da hankali ko zurfin filin (alaka: Menene Zurfin Filin?).
Daya bangaren a cikin wannan jerin ana kiransa “tsayi mai da hankali"wanda ke nufin kawai"distance.” Wannan yana nuna kusanci ko nesa zaku iya mai da hankali kan kowane batun da aka bayar - kamar waɗannan girman ruwan tabarau na kyamara da aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin (masu alaƙa: Fahimtar Girman ruwan tabarau na Kamara). Yawancin ruwan tabarau a kwanakin nan ruwan tabarau na zuƙowa ne ma'ana suna da madaidaiciyar tsayin daka don haka za ku iya kusanci ko nesa da batun ku ba tare da yin motsi a jiki ba.
Don haka menene daidai yake faruwa lokacin da kuka daidaita naku F-tsayawa? Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama yana da alaƙa da yawan hasken da ke wucewa ta cikin ruwan tabarau don haka da gaske lokacin da kuka daidaita shi abin da kuke yi shine yin gyare-gyare tsakanin matsakaicin ɗaukar hoto da zurfin zurfin filin da ake samu don harbi. Tare da ƙananan lambobi suna ba da ƙarin haske don ƙarin haske amma mafi girman hotuna da manyan lambobi suna ba da duhu amma masu kaifi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wasa tare da irin waɗannan saitunan a cikin daukar hoto na iya tasiri sosai akan matakan fallasa da kuma kewayon mayar da hankali a cikin kowane abun da ke ciki - don haka me yasa sanin game da F-Stops da ma'auni ya kamata koyaushe a yi la'akari da su kafin ɗaukar hoto!
Fahimtar Matsakaicin Matsayi
F-Tsaya, saboda haka aka sani da mai da hankali rabo, muhimmin ra'ayi ne a cikin daukar hoto wanda ke nufin girman buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ruwan tabarau na kamara. Juzu'i ne wanda yawanci ake rubuta shi azaman lamba, kamar f/2.8 ko f/5.6.
Fahimtar manufar F-Tsaya yana da mahimmanci ga masu daukar hoto saboda yana taimaka musu su san yawan hasken da suke buƙata don fallasa hoto daidai. Bugu da ƙari kuma, yana kuma rinjayar da zurfin filin, wanda shine kewayon hoton da aka mayar da hankali. Bari mu nutse dan mu kara koyo akai F-Tsaya da muhimmancinsa.
Menene alakar dake tsakanin Mayar da hankali da fannin kallo?
Lokacin harbi hoto, da mai da hankali rabo – akafi sani da f-tsaya - yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ya kamata a yi la'akari. Ana amfani da shi don sarrafa girman hoton filin view, ko nawa ne wurin da za ku iya ɗauka a cikin harbi. Babban lambar f-stop zai samar da hoto mai faɗi, yayin da ƙananan lamba zai samar da hoto tare da iyaka zurfin filin.
Rabon mai da hankali kuma yana shafar zurfin filin a cikin hotonku ko bidiyo lokacin amfani da ruwan tabarau daban-daban. Lokacin harbi a faffadan buɗe ido (ƙananan f-stop), yana haifar da kunkuntar zurfin filin. Sabanin haka, yin amfani da manyan f-tsayawa zai haifar da zurfin zurfi amma yana iya haifar da ɓarna a bango da wuraren gaba saboda ƙarin ɓarna da ke faruwa akan ƙananan sassa na firam ɗin ku.
Dangantakar da ke tsakanin ma'aunin mai da hankali da filin kallo a fili take; Kawai f-tsayawa mafi girma suna haifar da kunkuntar hotuna da akasin haka. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin harbi shimfidar wurare ko wasu manyan al'amuran tare da batutuwa masu nisa, zaku buƙaci ko dai babban ruwan tabarau mai faɗi (tare da ƙarancin f-stop) ko kuna iya amfani da ruwan tabarau masu yawa a ma'auni daban-daban don samun haɗin da ya dace don ɗaukar hoto. dukkan bangarorin batun ku.
Ta yaya Raba Hankali ke shafar zurfin filin?
Matsayin mai da hankali (kuma aka sani da f-tsaya) yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin daukar hoto, galibi ana nuna su da 'f/' a gaban lamba. Musamman, rabon mai da hankali mai alaƙa da zurfin filin da tasirin tasiri wanda zai iya rinjayar sakamakon hotunan ku.
Zurfin filin yana nufin adadin fage ya bayyana a cikin mayar da hankali. A zurfin zurfin filin shine ɗayan da kawai ɓangaren fage ya bayyana a cikin mayar da hankali yayin da a m zurfin filin shine wanda komai ya bayyana a cikinsa kaifi. The rabo mai da hankali yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance adadin zurfin da ke cikin hoto.
Babban rabo mai mahimmanci (misali, f / 11) ba da damar a m zurfin filin wanda ya kunshi abubuwa na kusa da na nesa da duk wani abu da ke tsakaninsu. Wannan nau'in saitin na iya yin aiki mafi kyau don shimfidar wurare ko hotuna na waje waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗa duka abubuwan gaba da baya tare da mafi girman kaifi da tsabta. Saboda wannan dalili, ƙwararrun masu daukar hoto da yawa suna son zaɓar f-tsayawa mafi girma don harbi na waje.
Koyaya, lokacin harbi batutuwa kusa - kamar daukar hoto ko daukar hoto - yana iya zama kyawawa don yin amfani da ƙananan ma'auni mai mahimmanci (kamar f/1.4). Waɗannan saitunan suna ba da izinin filayen zurfin zurfi wanda ke taimakawa keɓance batun daga asalinsa, yana haifar da tasiri mai ban mamaki da haske tare da keɓantaccen maki mai kyau zuwa mai da hankali tsakanin wuraren da ba su da kyau.
Kammalawa
F-tsayawa or mai da hankali rabo muhimmin ra'ayi ne don masu daukar hoto su fahimta. Yana taimakawa wajen bayyana kewayon ƙimar buɗaɗɗen, kazalika zurfin filin. Fahimtar wannan ra'ayi yana taimakawa wajen fahimtar yadda ake amfani da ruwan tabarau da kyamarori daban-daban don samun tasirin da ake so. Bugu da ƙari, yana kuma taimakawa wajen tabbatar da samun hoton da kuke so ta hanyar sarrafa adadin hasken da ke shiga kamara.
Don kammalawa, yana da mahimmanci ga masu daukar hoto su fahimci manufar f-tsaya or mai da hankali rabo don tabbatar da cewa hotunansu sun yi kyau.
Me yasa F-Stop and Focal Ratio ke da mahimmanci ga masu daukar hoto?
Ga masu daukar hoto, da f-tsaya da kuma mai da hankali rabo muhimman abubuwa ne na fahimtar fallasa, kaifin ruwan tabarau da bokeh. The mai da hankali rabo yana nufin girman buɗewar ruwan tabarau, ko buɗewa, wanda ke taimakawa tantance yawan hasken da aka bari ta cikin ruwan tabarau don isa ga firikwensin kyamara. Lokacin da mai daukar hoto ya canza girman budewar ta amfani da daban-daban f-tsayawa, zai shafi sakamakon su hoton zurfin filin.
Mafi girma f-tasha lamba zai haifar da ƙaramin buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido wanda zai kai ga zurfin zurfin filin tare da ƙarin mai da hankali - wannan zai zama kyakkyawan wuri don Hotunan shimfidar wuri don haka kuna samun komai a hankali. Ƙaramar lamba za ta ba ku babban buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido da zurfin zurfin filin wanda zai sa batun ku ya fi dacewa - wannan zai fi kyau ga hoton hoto inda kake son blur a kowane bangare na batun hotonka.
Baya ga taimakawa wajen sarrafa fallasa, F-stop da Focal Ratio Hakanan yana da tasiri akan kaifi yayin amfani da ruwan tabarau tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙuduri; ta amfani da kunkuntar buɗe ido (mafi girma f-tsayawa lambobi) zai iya taimakawa rage wasu laushi saboda diffraction da vignetting. Ta hanyar fahimtar waɗannan dabi'u biyu, mai daukar hoto zai iya yadda ya kamata daidaita saitunan kyamarar su bisa ga yanayin harbi domin kara girman ingancin hoto, saita daidaitattun hotunan da aka fallasa a cikin yanayi masu wahala da kuma cimma tasirin fasaha da ake so ta hanyar sarrafa zurfin filin yayin aiki tare da firam ko zuƙowa suna da ƙayyadaddun ƙuduri.
Ta yaya za ku zaɓi daidai F-Stop and Focal Ratio don ɗaukar hoto?
Zaɓin daidaitaccen F-Stop da Ratio Focal don daukar hoto muhimmin ma'auni ne na sakamako mai nasara. Tasirin waɗannan ruwan tabarau akan hotunanku za'a tantance su ta ma'aunin da kuka saita musu lokacin da kuka zaɓi saurin rufewa da buɗe ido.
Da farko, ya kamata ku bincika abin da ake so zurfin filin kun shirya cimma nasara a hotonku. Idan ana son zurfin filin ƙasa, to ƙarami F-Stops kamar f/2 ko f/2.8 yakamata a karbe shi. A gefe guda, idan yana da kyawawa don ɗaukar adadi da yawa tare da daidaitaccen tsabta sannan mafi girman F-Stops masu lamba daga jere. f/5 zuwa f/22 yakamata a yi amfani da shi maimakon.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa tun da ruwan tabarau masu sauri suna da tsada fiye da ruwan tabarau mai hankali, yakamata mutum ya mai da hankali sosai ga kasafin kuɗin su yayin zaɓin saurin rufewa da kuma saɓani kuma kula da yawan hasken da suke buƙata kama lokacin gwaji tare da buɗewar su. saituna. Hakanan zai zama hikima a koma zuwa littafin jagorar mai amfani ko koyaswar kan layi waɗanda ke bayyana nau'in ruwan tabarau da daidaitawa suka fi dacewa da kowane yanayi don da gaske ƙware waɗannan sigogi na tsawon lokaci. Daga ƙarshe ko da yake, babu takamaiman amsa kuma fahimtar abin da kuka zaɓa ta hanyar gwaji zai taimaka kammala fasahar samun hotuna masu inganci akan lokaci!
Barka dai, Ni Kim, mahaifiya ce kuma mai sha'awar tsayawa motsi tare da kwarewa a ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai da haɓaka yanar gizo. Ina da sha'awar zane da raye-raye, kuma yanzu na fara nutsewa a cikin duniyar tasha-motsi. Tare da bulogi na, Ina raba abubuwan da na koya tare da ku mutane.
