IRE: Menene Yake Cikin Ma'auni Na Haɗin Siginar Bidiyo?
Intereventrectangularity (IRE) shine ma'aunin haske na dangi na siginar bidiyo, wanda ake amfani dashi don hada bidiyo.
Ana auna shi a cikin raka'a da ake kira IREs, wanda shine ma'auni na 0-100, tare da 0 shine mafi duhu kuma 100 shine mafi haske.
Yawancin masu watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye da injiniyoyin bidiyo sun karɓe IRE sosai a matsayin hanyar aunawa da daidaita hasken siginar bidiyo.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu tattauna abin da IRE yake da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi wajen auna siginar bidiyo mai haɗaka.
A cikin wannan sakon za mu rufe:
Ma'anar IRE
IRE tana nufin "Cibiyar Injiniya ta Rediyo." Sikeli ne da aka yi amfani da shi wajen auna siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa, yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman kashi na matakin “baƙar fata” da matakin fari kololuwa (a cikin tsarin Amurka) ko ma'anar fari da matakan baƙar fata (a Turai da sauran ƙa'idodi). Ana nuna ƙimar a al'ada a cikin raka'a IRE akan oscilloscope, ta amfani da ma'auni waɗanda ke jere daga 0 IRE (baƙar fata) zuwa 100 IRE (farar fata).
Kalmar IRE ta samo asali ne daga injiniya a RCA a cikin 1920s kuma ya zama daidaitaccen tsakanin injiniyoyin talabijin don daidaita siginar bidiyo. Tun daga lokacin ƙungiyoyin ƙa'idodi na ƙasa da ƙasa da yawa sun karbe shi, ya zama ma'aunin karɓuwa don ƙimar sikirin layin TV da zurfin daidaitawa. Tun da kowane masana'anta ke daidaita kayan aikin su daban, lokacin aiki a cikin tsarin da yawa yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar waɗannan dabi'u daban-daban kuma daidaita su daidai don tabbatar da aiki mai kyau.
Tarihin IRE
IRE (mai suna 'eye-rayhee') yana nufin Cibiyar Injiniya ta Rediyo kuma an kafa ta a cikin 1912 a matsayin ƙwararrun al'umma don injiniyoyin rediyo. IRE ta aiwatar da ma'auni don haɗakar siginar bidiyo wanda ya haɗa da auna ma'anar baki da fari a cikin siginar lantarki waɗanda aka gabatar ga na'urar nunin hoto.
An yi amfani da IRE don auna nau'ikan siginar bidiyo, kamar; NTSC, PAL, SECAM, HDMI da DVI. NTSC tana amfani da ma'anar IRE daban-daban fiye da sauran tsarin, ta amfani da 7.5 IRE don matakin baƙar fata maimakon 0 IRE da yawancin sauran ƙa'idodi ke amfani da shi yana da wahala a kwatanta tsarin biyu.
PAL yana amfani da 0 IRE don matakin baƙar fata da 100 IRE don matakin fari wanda ke ba da damar kwatanta shi cikin sauƙi tare da sauran tsarin launi kamar NTSC da SECAM. Sigina masu ma'ana kamar HDMI da DVI suna amfani da ma'anar ma'ana mafi girma tare da launuka masu zurfi kamar 16-235 ko 16-240 ana ayyana su ta ka'idodin HDMI 2.0a inda cikakken kewayon shine ƙimar 230 ko 240 bi da bi 16 wanda ke bayyana baƙar fata yayin 256 yana bayyana matakin fari daidai.
Halin zamani yana canzawa zuwa tsarin dijital kamar HDMI wanda ke riƙe mafi kyau tare da hayaniyar kewayawa amma har yanzu yana buƙatar daidaitawa mai dacewa tunda ko da tsarin dijital yana buƙatar daidaitaccen aiki tare tsakanin siginar shigarwa kamar 'yan wasan DVD, 'yan wasan Blu-ray ko na'urorin wasan bidiyo waɗanda zasu iya samun fassarar daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da su. juna game da siginar fitarwa da aka samar dangane da canje-canjen da aka yi musu daga hangen ƙarshen mai amfani kamar haske ko bambanci akan saitin talabijin da kansa.
Menene IRE?
IRE (Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Rediyo) taƙaitaccen abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi yayin tattaunawa akan siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa. Raka'a ce ta ma'auni da ake amfani da ita don tantance bambanci, launi, da haske na siginar bidiyo, da kuma matakan sauti. Hakanan ana amfani da IRE don ƙayyade tsarin bidiyo da ma'aunai a cikin yankin analog. Bari mu dubi IRE da aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Yaya Ake Amfani da IRE a Siginan Bidiyo?
IRE, ko Inverse Relative Exposure, naúrar ma'auni ce da ake amfani da ita don wakiltar girman siginar bidiyo. Ana amfani da IRE galibi wajen samar da talabijin da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo lokacin da ake auna siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa. Yawanci ana auna shi a cikin kewayo daga 0 zuwa 100 akan sikeli.
Tsarin ma'aunin IRE ya dogara ne akan yadda ido ke fahimtar haske da launi-mai kama da yanayin zafin launi na al'umma gabaɗaya ke amfani da shi don bayanin farin haske. A cikin siginar bidiyo, 0 IRE yana nuna babu ƙarfin siginar bidiyo kuma 100 IRE yana nuna matsakaicin yuwuwar ƙarfin lantarki (m, hoto mai launin fari duka).
Lokacin auna matakan haske, masana'antun na'urorin lantarki suna amfani da tsarin sikeli daban-daban kamar nits don nunin talabijin na LED mai haske ko lamberts don masu nuni na yau da kullun kamar gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na fim. Koyaya, waɗannan ma'auni sun dogara ne akan candelas kowace murabba'in mita (cd/m²). Maimakon amfani da cd/m² a matsayin ƙimar ƙarfin linzamin bayanan haske, siginonin analog yawanci suna amfani da IRE azaman naúrar sa don haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki na linzamin don biyan daidaitattun buƙatun NTSC ko PAL.
Ana amfani da ƙimar IRE a cikin masana'antar watsa shirye-shirye; injiniyoyin watsa shirye-shirye sun dogara da su lokacin daidaita kayan aikin da ke ɗauka ko watsa siginar bidiyo mai haɗaka kamar kyamarori da talabijin. Gabaɗaya magana, injiniyoyin watsa shirye-shirye suna amfani da lambobi tsakanin 0-100 lokacin daidaitawa / daidaita matakan sauti da bidiyo yayin yin fim da watsa shirye-shirye.
Yaya Ake Auna IRE?
IRE tana nufin Cibiyar Injiniyoyi ta Rediyo kuma ita ce rukunin ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi lokacin auna siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa. Ana auna shi a cikin millivolts (mV) daga 0 mV zuwa 100 mV, yana nuna kewayon al'ada wanda ya kamata siginar bidiyo mai haɗaka ya faɗi don aiki mai kyau.
IRE yana tafiya daga -40 har zuwa 120 a cikin kowane firam ɗin bidiyo kuma an raba dukkan kewayon zuwa sassa ta wuraren tunani da ake kira maki IRE. Ana auna waɗannan sigina daga 0 IRE (baƙi) zuwa 100 IRE (fararen fata).
0 IRE shine ainihin ƙimar baƙar fata na gaskiya kuma ya yi daidai da kusan 7.5mV mafi girma-zuwa kololuwa a kan daidaitaccen siginar NTSC ko tare da 1 V ganiya-zuwa ganiya girma akan siginar PAL.
100IRE yana wakiltar matakin fari na 100%, wanda yake daidai da siginar sigina na 70 mV ganiya-zuwa ganiya akan siginar NTSC da 1 Volt peak-to-peak akan siginar PAL; yayin da 40 IRE da ke ƙasa da matakin baƙar fata (-40IRE) a 300 mV ganiya-zuwa ganiya akan siginar NTSC ko 4 Vand 50% launin toka yayi daidai da 35IRE (35% dijital cikakken sikelin).
Ana amfani da waɗannan matakan azaman wuraren nuni yayin auna matakan daban-daban a cikin hoton, kamar gabaɗayan haske ko masu sarrafa hoto, ci gaban luma ko chroma ko matakan da sauran saituna kamar matakan ƙafa inda ya dace.
Nau'in IRE
Ana amfani da ma'aunin IRE don auna girman girman siginar bidiyo mai kumshi na analog. Yana nufin "lantarki mai magana da sauri" kuma ana amfani dashi musamman a masana'antar talabijin ta watsa shirye-shirye. Idan ya zo ga IRE, akwai nau'ikan sigina da yawa waɗanda za a iya rarraba siginar zuwa cikin, kama daga daidaitattun raka'o'in IRE zuwa raka'o'in NTSC da PAL IRE. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi nau'ikan ma'aunin IRE daban-daban da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su.
Farawa da naku allunan labarin motsi na tsayawa
Biyan kuɗi zuwa wasiƙarmu kuma sami zazzagewarku kyauta tare da allunan labarai uku. Fara da kawo labaran ku da rai!
Za mu yi amfani da adireshin imel ɗin ku kawai don wasiƙun labarai kuma mu girmama ku tsare sirri
IRE 0
IRE (mai suna "ido-reel") yana nufin Cibiyar Injiniya ta Rediyo, wanda shine ma'aunin ma'auni da ake amfani da shi don kimanta matakin siginar bidiyo. Ana amfani da IRE lokacin auna siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa.
An ƙidaya ma'aunin IRE daga 0 zuwa 100 kuma kowace lamba tana wakiltar adadin volts. Karatun IRE 0 yana wakiltar babu ƙarfin lantarki kwata-kwata yayin da karatun IRE 100 zai wakilci 1 volt ko matakin haske na kashi 100 dangane da matakin mara kyau. Bugu da ƙari, ƙimar IRE 65 tana daidai da 735 millivolts (mV) ko sifili decibels da aka nusar da su zuwa ganiya-wuta-kololuwa (dBV).
Manyan nau'ikan IRE guda uku sun haɗa da:
-IRE 0: Mai wakiltar babu ƙarfin lantarki na dangi, ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in ma'auni don ƙididdige ƙididdiga da ƙididdigewa a cikin hotuna da aka bincika.
-IRE 15: Wakilin game da 25 millivolts (mV), ana amfani da shi da farko don auna ma'auni na baya da kuma matakan saiti a cikin siginar watsa shirye-shirye.
-IRE 7.5 / 75%: wakiltar matsakaicin matakin AGC (Automatic Gain Control) matakin; Wannan nau'in ma'aunin yana nuna kewayon haske tsakanin ɓangarorin inuwa a cikin firam da firam ɗin da aka haskaka a wajen firam ɗin.
IRE 7.5
IRE (Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Rediyo) ita ce ma'aunin ma'auni da ake amfani da shi don auna siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa a cikin talabijin da aka watsa. Ma'aunin ma'aunin IRE yana daga 0 zuwa 100, tare da matakin daidaitawa shine 7.5 IRE. Wannan yana gabatar da 7.5 IRE a matsayin "baƙar magana" wanda ke wakiltar cikakken baƙar fata don bidiyo, wanda kuma ya bayyana cikakken kewayon siginar a cikin matakan bidiyo kamar NTSC da PAL.
A cikin ƙayyadaddun siginar bidiyo na NTSC da PAL, 'baƙi / baki fiye da baki' shine 0-7.5 IRE, 'ƙasa da daidaitawa' shine -40 IRE, 30 don 'fari' da 'mafi haske fiye da fari' shine 70-100 IRE bi da bi suna cike fari don wannan ma'auni na musamman. Muhimmin abin lura anan shine cewa ƙimar da ke tsakanin 0-7.5IRE ba a bayyane bane amma suna son taimakawa wajen samar da ingantaccen aiki tare ko bayanan lokaci da aka yi amfani da su ta wasu sassan talabijin yayin karɓar / watsa siginar TV; yayin da dabi'u a waje da kewayon 0-100 MAY suma suna bayyana amma yakamata a guji su idan zai yiwu saboda suna iya haifar da mummunan tasiri akan nuni / ingancin ayyukan watsa shirye-shirye.
Bambance-bambancen hoto ta amfani da inuwa daban-daban waɗanda ke zaune a cikin waɗannan matakan suna taimakawa haɓaka cikakkun bayanan hoto sosai suna nuna shi cikin ma'ana mai mahimmanci akan manyan talabijin na allo wanda in ba haka ba zai yi wahala a gani da kyau ta amfani da wasu hanyoyin analog kamar S-Video ko tsarin eriya na RF.
IRE 15
IRE 15, wanda kuma aka sani da matakin ban ruwa, yana ɗaya daga cikin ma'aunin siginar da ake amfani da shi a cikin bidiyo mai haɗaka. Siginar bidiyo da aka haɗe ya haɗa da a kwance da kuma tsaye a tsaye da bugun jini da haske da siginonin bayanan chrominance. IRE (Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Rediyo) ita ce ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi don auna girman waɗannan sigina. IRE 15 yayi daidai da fitowar ƙarfin lantarki na 0.3 volts peak-to-peak a cikin siginar NTSC ko 0 volts ganiya-zuwa ganiya a cikin siginar PAL (NTSC da PAL sune ka'idojin watsa shirye-shiryen dijital).
Ana amfani da IRE 15 don nuna lokacin da wani ɓangare na hoton ba shi da bayanai - ana kiran wannan yanki a matsayin "yankin mara kyau". Yana tsakanin jimlar matakin baƙar fata da jimlar matakin fari - yawanci 7.5 IRE ƙasa da jimlar blanking saita a 100 IRE. Matsakaicin daga 0 IRE (baƙar fata baki ɗaya) zuwa 7.5 IRE yana ƙayyade yadda duhun hoto ke bayyana akan allo, wanda ke nuna ikonsa na bayyana cikakken inuwa ko magana ta fasaha tsakanin fitilu da launuka daban-daban.
Lokacin daidaita siginar bidiyo, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye 7.5 V kololuwa-zuwa kololuwa a kowane yanki na hoton a kowane lokaci don duk tushen da kuke son nunawa - wannan zai tabbatar da daidaitaccen launi a cikin tsarin ku don ma'anar ma'anar analog guda biyu da kuma daidaitaccen abun ciki na analog. Tsarin tushen HDTV kamar ATSC, 1080p/24 da dai sauransu. amma ba a yi haske sosai ba har sai sun zama kusan ganuwa tare da matakan baƙar fata da yawa waɗanda galibi za su bayyana cikin sauƙin rarrabewa amma masu kyan gani - Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa samun damar saitunan da suka dace (matakan IRE) ta hanyar kayan lantarki na zamani ya zama mahimmanci don tabbatar da samun inganci. ingantattun hotuna daga saitin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na gida / shirye-shiryen silima a yau!
Amfanin IRE
IRE (IEEE Standards Association Radiometric Equivalent) wata ma'aunin ma'auni ne da ake amfani da shi don auna siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa. Wannan ita ce ma'aunin da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin ƙwararrun kayan aikin bidiyo. IRE yana da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da ikon auna daidai haske da siginar chrominance, wanda ke taimakawa ƙirƙirar abubuwan gani masu inganci. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika fa'idodin IRE da dalilin da yasa yake da mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar bidiyo.
Madaidaicin Haihuwar Launi
IRE tana tsaye ne ga cibiyar injiniyoyin iya aiki kuma an ƙirƙira ta a cikin 1938. IRE naúrar ma'auni ne da ake amfani da shi don auna girman siginar bidiyo mai haɗaka. A cikin auna siginar bidiyo mai hade, IRE yana ba da fa'idodi da yawa, gami da ingantaccen haifuwar launi.
IRE yana ba ƙwararrun masu sakawa ko ƙwararru don tabbatar da cewa an sake fitar da launuka daidai ta hanyar duban bidiyo lokacin daidaita tsarin bidiyo. Ƙungiyar IRE tana iya auna ba kawai adadin layin tsakanin baki da fari da ke kan hoton ba, har ma da hasken dangi. Tare da irin wannan madaidaicin, yana da sauƙi ga mai sakawa ko mai fasaha don tabbatar da launuka masu dacewa sun bayyana a cikin nunin hoto na ƙarshe.
IRE yana ba mu damar saita kayan aiki masu dacewa don ta iya cimma daidaitattun haifuwar launi ba tare da la'akari da irin kayan aiki da ake amfani da su ba. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa inuwar launi da aka gani a cikin kayan aiki daban-daban za su kasance masu daidaituwa a duk tashoshi da na'urorin fitarwa da ke da hannu wajen samar da hotuna ko siginar bidiyo. Ingantattun masu saka idanu ko nuni na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa babu sabani tsakanin sautuna ko inuwa a kan na'urori daban yayin sake kunnawa, a ƙarshe yana ba mu hotuna masu kyan gani da kyan gani tare da launuka masu gaskatawa da sautuna waɗanda suka dace da tushen abun ciki na asali daidai.
Madaidaicin Sarrafa Haske
Integrated Rise and Fall (IRE) ma'auni ne da ke tantance haske na siginar bidiyo da aka haɗa. Wannan ma'auni, wanda Kwamitin Tsarin Gidan Talabijin na Amurka (ANSTC) ya haɓaka, yana ba da ingantaccen ma'auni na ƙarfin sigina wanda za'a iya amfani da shi a kowane nau'in kayan aikin bidiyo kuma yana ba da damar ingantaccen sarrafa haske.
Ana bayyana raka'o'in IRE a cikin ma'aunin kashi da aka auna akan ma'auni daga 0 zuwa 100. Ma'aunin IRE an ƙara rushe shi zuwa dabi'u 28 daga 0 IRE, wanda ke nuna jimlar baki, zuwa IRE 100, wanda ke wakiltar farin kololuwa. Zurfin hoto, ko bambanci, yawanci ana auna shi a cikin kewayon IRE na 70-100% yayin da ake auna haske ko haske a cikin kewayon IRE na 7-10%.
Ta yin amfani da ma'auni na ma'auni da ma'auni kamar raka'a IRE a duk nau'ikan masana'antun kayan aikin bidiyo da masu fasaha na iya ƙayyade daidai matakin da ake so na fitowar sigina don takamaiman aikace-aikacen kamar talabijin na watsa shirye-shirye wanda ke buƙatar madaidaicin iko akan duka ƙarfin nutsewa da lokacin tashin sigina. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun na iya ƙididdigewa ko duk wani yanki na kayan aiki yana samar da matakan sigina waɗanda ke cikin ingantattun ƙa'idodi don amintaccen amfani tare da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin sarkar sarrafa siginar.
Ingantattun Ingantattun Hoto
Ana amfani da fasahar faɗaɗa faɗaɗa rahoto (IRE) a cikin tsarin hoto don inganta ingancin hoto. Yana ba masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya damar ganin ƙananan siffofi ko ƙananan siffofi akan hotunan MRI waɗanda ƙila ba a iya gani ta amfani da wasu fasahohin hoto ba. Tsarin IRE yana aiki ta hanyar ƙara bambanci na hoton da aka nuna, yana sa ya fi kyau da haske fiye da da. Wannan yana sa ƙananan raunuka da sifofi masu sauƙi don ganewa da fassara akan allon.
Hakanan ana iya amfani da IRE tare da hoton duban dan tayi, wanda ke taimaka wa likitoci bincikar cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tayin da jariran da aka haifa, yana ba su damar gano al'amuran tsarin da wuri ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta yayin daukar ciki. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da IRE tare da hoton x-ray wanda ke ba likitoci damar gano raunin kashi ko rashin daidaituwa na haɗin gwiwa, yana ba su damar samar da ingantaccen ganewar asali cikin sauri da daidai.
Har ila yau, ana karɓar URE a cikin wuraren rediyo kamar radiation oncology don ƙarin maƙasudin ciwace-ciwacen ciwace yayin jiyya na radiation, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin allurai da aka yi niyya na radiation don ƙarin tasiri ga majinyata da ke fama da cutar kansa. Amfanin amfani da fasahar IRE suna da yawa; yana inganta lafiyar haƙuri ta hanyar samar da likitocin matakan daidaito mafi girma yayin gano yanayin, yana ba su damar gano ƙananan raunuka ko sassan kyallen takarda da za su iya rasa ba tare da taimakon IRE ba.
Kammalawa
A ƙarshe, IRE ko Cibiyar Injiniyoyi na Rediyo wani nau'in ma'auni ne da ake amfani da shi don auna siginar bidiyo. Sigina na 100-IRE shine matsakaicin matakin ƙarfin da zai yiwu a kowane siginar bidiyo, yayin da siginar 0-IRE daidai yake da sifili volts kuma mafi ƙarancin matakin yuwuwar siginar bidiyo mai haɗaka zai iya cimma. Ana iya amfani da ma'aunin IRE don auna ƙarfi da tsabtar kowane hoto ko siginar sauti, ko ana watsa shi, nunawa a talabijin ko watsawa ta Intanet. Ana auna siginar bidiyo a cikin ƙarin 1/100th na IRE farawa daga 0 kuma yana ƙarewa a 100.
Lokacin yin rikodin sauti ko bidiyo, ya fi dacewa a yi rikodin kusa da 0-IRE gwargwadon yiwuwar ingancin sauti mafi kyau. Daidaita matakan yayin sake kunnawa, kamar ƙara ƙara ko daidaita bambanci da haske ana iya yin hakan ba tare da damuwa da murdiya daga tsangwama ba. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsarin yana taimakawa tabbatar da cewa duk tsarin sarrafa sigina masu haɗaka suna da daidaitattun ma'auni don ingantattun ma'auni da ƙira tsakanin tsarin.
Barka dai, Ni Kim, mahaifiya ce kuma mai sha'awar tsayawa motsi tare da kwarewa a ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai da haɓaka yanar gizo. Ina da sha'awar zane da raye-raye, kuma yanzu na fara nutsewa a cikin duniyar tasha-motsi. Tare da bulogi na, Ina raba abubuwan da na koya tare da ku mutane.
