Keyboard Kwamfuta: Menene Shi Kuma Yaya Yayi Aiki?

da kim An sabunta: Yuni 26, 2022

Allon madannai na kwamfuta wani muhimmin sashi ne na kowace kwamfuta kuma ana amfani da shi don mu'amala da na'ura don yin ayyuka. Ya ƙunshi maɓallai da maɓalli da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu suna da ayyuka na musamman. Ana amfani da madannai don rubuta umarni da bayanai kuma yawanci ana tare da linzamin kwamfuta ko faifan waƙa.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi anatomy na keyboard da kuma yadda yake aiki.

Menene maballin kwamfuta?

Allon madannai na kwamfuta na'urar shigarwa ce da ake amfani da ita don buga haruffa, lambobi, da sauran alamomi cikin kwamfuta. Yawanci yana ƙunshi layuka da yawa na maɓallai waɗanda aka jera sama da juna, tare da ayyuka daban-daban akan kowane maɓalli. Shirye-shiryen allon madannai sun bambanta tsakanin tsarin aiki daban-daban da ƙasashe. Buga akan madannai na kwamfuta na iya taimaka maka adana lokaci ta hanyar shigar da umarni da sauri ko bayanai cikin na'urarka.

Allon madannai na kwamfuta galibi sun dogara ne akan tsarin takwarorinsu na bugawa amma kuma sun ƙunshi ƙarin maɓallai don ayyuka na musamman. Suna kuma yawanci ergonomically tsara don tabbatar da jin daɗin bugawa na tsawon lokaci. Hakanan maɓallan madannai da yawa sun ƙunshi gajerun hanyoyi ko maɓallai na musamman don ayyukan gama gari kamar buɗe takamaiman shafukan yanar gizo ko aikace-aikace. Bugu da ƙari, maɓallai na iya bambanta da girman don taimakawa masu buga rubutu tare da gano takamaiman haruffa cikin sauri da daidai. Wasu madannai ma suna da zažužžukan haskakawa na iya daidaitawa wanda ke ba masu amfani damar keɓance tsarin launi na baya bisa ga fifikon su.

Nau'in madannai na kwamfuta

Maɓallan kwamfuta sun zo da siffofi da girma da yawa; duk da haka, akwai wasu nau'ikan madannai na gama gari. Ya danganta da manufar kwamfutarku da aikin da kuke buƙatar yin ta, kowane nau'in maɓalli zai dace da bukatunku daban.

• Allon madannai na membrane: Waɗannan maɓallan madannai suna da lebur, saman roba a ƙarƙashin maɓallan kuma suna amfani da maɓalli don yin rijistar latsa maɓallin. Duk da yake yawanci ba su da tsada kuma suna da sauƙin tsaftacewa/maye gurbinsu, sun kasance ba su da ƙarfi fiye da sauran nau'ikan madannai.
• Allon madannai na injina: Kamar yadda sunansu ya nuna, waɗannan suna amfani da maɓallan injina a ƙarƙashin kowane maɓalli don jin daɗi lokacin bugawa ko wasa. Saboda wannan ƙarin matakin inganci, waɗannan nau'ikan suna da tsada fiye da ƙirar membrane amma suna ba da ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani ga waɗanda ke darajar daidaito yayin aiki ko wasa.
• Allon madannai mara waya: Maɓallan mara waya ko "Bluetooth" sun dogara da igiyoyin rediyo maimakon igiyoyi don haɗawa da kwamfutoci ko wasu na'urori. Yawancin su mara waya ne kawai amma sau da yawa zaka iya zaɓar toshe cikin mai karɓar USB mara waya idan ana so. Waɗannan salon suna ba ku damar haɓaka motsi tunda babu wayoyi da ake buƙata - cikakke don yanayin aiki mai nisa!
• Maɓallan ergonomic: Waɗannan ƙirar ƙira ta musamman tana nuna shimfidar maɓalli masu lanƙwasa waɗanda ke ba da ƙarin tallafi ga hannayenku yayin bugawa - yana taimakawa rage haɗarin cututtukan rami na carpal (CTS). Wasu nau'ikan ergonomic kuma suna zuwa tare da maɓallai masu girman daban don ku iya buga sauri tare da ƴan kurakurai saboda kuskuren sanya yatsa akan manyan maɓallan - yana mai da su musamman don dacewa. taɓa masu bugawa suna neman saurin bugawa da kwanciyar hankali.

Anatomy na Allon Kwamfuta

Fahimtar tsarin jiki na madannai na kwamfuta yana da mahimmanci don ƙware ainihin ƙwarewar bugun rubutu da zama ƙware da gajerun hanyoyin madannai. A matsayin na'urar shigar farko ta kwamfuta, maɓallan madannai sun ƙunshi sassa daban-daban da ayyuka waɗanda ke ba da damar shigar da bayanai.

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu bincika anatomy na keyboard na kwamfuta kuma tattauna yadda kowane bangare ke aiki don sauƙaƙe shigar da bayanai:

Lissafin allo

Daidaitaccen shimfidar madannai na kwamfuta yana da maɓalli 104. Layout, da aka sani da QWERTY, yana ɗaukar sunansa daga maɓallan shida na farko a kusurwar hannun hagu na sama na madannai. Christopher Sholes ne ya tsara shi a cikin 1873 kuma ya ƙunshi haruffa da haruffa na musamman waɗanda aka fi amfani da su a rubuce.

A madanni an sanya shi a gefen dama don lissafin, tare da wani Shigar key don ƙaddamar da bayanai. Akwai kuma a makullin maɓallin lamba a gefen hagu tare da makullin lamba don amfani da lissafi ko don shigar da bayanai cikin shirye-shirye ko aikace-aikace kamar Microsoft Excel ko Word.

Sauran maɓallan gama gari sun haɗa da F1 zuwa F12 wanda ake samu tare da saman jere. Ana amfani da su da farko don samun damar gajerun hanyoyi da umarni a cikin shirye-shirye kamar Rufin allo da kuma Ajiye As. A Kulle Kulle Hakanan ana haɗa maɓalli wanda ke ba da damar buga haruffa su bayyana a duk iyakoki maimakon ƙananan haruffa har sai an kashe Caps Lock. Alt (madaidaicin) da kuma Ctrl (control) maɓallai suna ba da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan yanke gajere lokacin da aka haɗa su tare da wasu maɓallan ayyuka da ke kewaye da su.

The Arrow Kunamu kwanta a ƙasa waɗannan maɓallan ayyuka kuma ba da izinin kewayawa sama, ƙasa, hagu, ko dama lokacin da wasu ayyuka ke buƙata. A Sararin Sararin Samaniya yana ba da sarari tsakanin kalmomi lokacin bugawa; bayanan baya yana goge rubutu zuwa hagu na siginan kwamfuta; tab yana ciyar da siginan kwamfuta gaba da ƙayyadadden adadin wurare; Saka da kuma share cire ko ƙara rubutu bi da bi; Komawa yana karɓar abin da aka buga kafin ya ci gaba a kan wani layi; gudun hijira yana rufe windows ko dakatar da shirye-shirye; Windows Ana samun maɓallan yawanci a kowane ƙarshen kuma ana amfani da su da farko don buɗe zaɓin abubuwan menu da zarar an danna lokaci guda tare da wasu maɓalli kamar su. R (gudun umarni).

Nau'ukan maɓalli

Idan aka zo batun madannai na kwamfuta, ana iya ƙara maɓallan zuwa kashi-kashi bisa manufa da aikinsu. Akwai nau'ikan maɓalli guda huɗu waɗanda kowannensu yana da ayyuka daban-daban, waɗanda aka jera a ƙasa:

• Maɓallan haruffa: Waɗannan suna wakiltar haruffan haruffa da lambobi. Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan nau'in maɓallan da ake samu akan madannai na kwamfuta kuma sun haɗa da duk haruffan Turanci da lamba, alamomi da maɓallan alamomi.
• Ƙunin aiki: Ana iya amfani da maɓallan ayyuka guda 12 dake saman saman madaidaicin madannai na kwamfuta tare da haɗakar maɓalli (ta amfani da Sarrafa [Ctrl], Alt [Alt] ko Shift [Shift] maɓallai) don su iya yin ayyuka da yawa da hannu ɗaya, kamar buɗewa ko rufe aikace-aikace ko kewayawa tsakanin ribbon shafuka a cikin shirye-shiryen Microsoft Office.
• Maɓallan Ayyuka na Musamman: Waɗannan ana amfani da su musamman don yin takamaiman ayyuka a cikin aikace-aikacen, kuma sun bambanta dangane da irin shirin da ake amfani da su. Misalai sun haɗa da Control+C (Copy), Control+X (Yanke) da Control+V (Manna). Don ƙarin bayani game da abin da takamaiman maɓallai ke yi lokacin aiki a cikin shirye-shirye daban-daban, duba menu na taimakon shirin don kwatancen maɓalli na gajeriyar hanya.
• Kewayawa & Maɓallan umarni: Maɓallan kewayawa sun haɗa da maɓallin kibiya waɗanda ke ba ku damar motsa siginan kwamfuta a cikin sauƙi; Maɓallan Gida da Ƙarshe waɗanda ke ba ku damar isa ga farkon ko ƙarshen layi da sauri; Saka Maɓalli wanda ke taimaka maka saka rubutu kafin rubutun da ke akwai; Maɓallan Sama da Shafi na ƙasa suna taimaka muku gungurawa sama da ƙasa da sauri yayin da Umurnin ko Windows Keys ba ka damar shiga menus da sauran fasalulluka na aikace-aikace cikin sauri ta hanyar shiga menu ta hanyar haɗin maɓalli na gajeriyar hanya kamar Alt + F4 don Bar aikace-aikacen ko Shirin da dai sauransu.

Maɓallin allo

Allon madannai na kwamfuta ya ƙunshi ɗaruruwan ƙananan maɓallan injina waɗanda ke kunna lokacin dannawa don aika sigina zuwa kwamfutar. Ana ɗora kowane maɓalli akan maɓalli da aka ɗora a cikin bazara, idan an danna shi yana haifar da sigina wanda mai sarrafa tsarin zai iya ɗauka. Yawancin maɓallan madannai suna amfani da su domes na roba ko injin injina don yin rajistar kowane maɓalli, tare da na ƙarshe ya kasance mafi shahara tsakanin yan wasa saboda saurin amsawarsu da tsayin daka.

Mafi yawan nau'in sauyawa na madannai shine canza launi, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i biyu na kayan aiki na lantarki wanda aka raba ta hanyar insulator. Lokacin da aka danna maɓalli, yana tura maɓalli zuwa saman saman Layer yana haifar da hulɗar lantarki tsakanin yadudduka masu gudanarwa guda biyu da kunna siginar sauyawa.

Har yanzu, sauran maɓallan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wasu manyan madannai na caca masu tsayi sune inji canji da kuma na'urorin lantarki kamar Canjawar Haɓaka Ƙarfafawa (CMOS) or Magneto-resistive Switch (MR). Maɓallin injina yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi don danna fiye da maɓallan dome na roba na gargajiya da suke yi amma suna samar da mafi kyawun amsawa lokacin da aka kunna da kuma mafi girma dorewa saboda ƙarfi da ingantaccen maɓuɓɓugan amsawa da aka gina a cikinsu. Allon madannai na lantarki yana canza matsi ta hanyar lantarki sabanin ta hanyar tuntuɓar jiki kai tsaye don haka yana ba da saurin bugawa tare da daidaito mafi girma ba tare da tsada ba don tsawon rayuwar maɓalli.

Yaya Allon Allon Kwamfuta ke Aiki?

Allon madannai na kwamfuta suna ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin shigar da kwamfuta da aka fi sani da su. Ana amfani da su don shigar da rubutu, lambobi da sauran haruffa na musamman cikin tsarin kwamfuta. Amma ta yaya daidai suke aiki? A cikin wannan labarin, za mu duba yadda maballin kwamfuta ke aiki da kuma yadda take saukaka amfani da kwamfuta.

Ana duba allon madannai

Ana duba allon madannai ita ce hanyar sadarwa tsakanin maballin kwamfuta da babban masarrafar kwamfuta. Tsarin dubawa yana aiki kamar haka: lokacin da aka danna maɓalli akan madannai, yana aika siginar lantarki ta wurin tuntuɓar zuwa ƙasan allon da aka buga (PCB). Daga nan sai siginar ta kunna wani maɓalli wanda ke haifar da da'ira ta H-bridge, wanda daga nan sai ya gaya wa mai sarrafa madannai da kuma babbar kwamfutar CPU abin da ake dannawa.

Fahimtar fasahar da ke bayan yin sikanin madannai ana kiranta da matrix coding. Matrix codeing ya ƙunshi haɗa lambobi daban-daban a cikin tsarin grid mai girma biyu ko matrix don samar da sigina na musamman ga kowane bugun maɓalli. Akwai nau'ikan asali guda biyu na matrix codeing - kai tsaye tukuna biyu or matrix tare da yin magana kai tsaye. Kai tsaye duk da haka ya ƙunshi haɗa lambobi daban-daban tare zuwa nau'i-nau'i, yayin da yin magana kai tsaye yana buƙatar ƙarancin ganowa saboda sauƙin kewayawa.

Ga kowane latsa kowane maɓalli, maki huɗu daga cikin dubunnan dole ne a sami dama don tabbatar da ko wane maɓalli ne aka danna. Ana aika sigina tare da waɗannan wayoyi huɗu daga takamaiman filaye-jeri da takamaiman shafi don gano waɗanne haɗin da CPU ɗin ta yi rajista, suna kammala aikin duba wannan latsa maɓalli ɗaya - kafin a fara sabo lokacin da aka danna wani maɓalli.

Gano latsa maɓalli

Ana amfani da madannai na kwamfuta fasahar gano maɓalli don gano lokacin da aka danna maɓalli. Wannan ya ƙunshi yin amfani da adadin abubuwan sassa waɗanda duk suke aiki tare.

Mafi mahimmanci bangaren shine mutum canji ƙarƙashin kowane maɓalli akan madannai. Lokacin da aka danna maɓalli, wannan maɓalli yana aika siginar lantarki zuwa babban allon kewayawa da ke cikin maballin, sannan ya tura shi zuwa kwamfutar kanta. A sakamakon haka, yana yin rajista azaman shigarwa daga madannai naka a duk lokacin da ka buga wani abu ko yin wasu latsa maɓallin.

Maɓallan da ke ƙarƙashin maɓallan an ƙirƙira su don su dawwama miliyoyin latsa, tabbatar da cewa madannai naku zai kasance daidai kuma yana dawwama tsawon shekaru masu zuwa. Dangane da nau'in maɓalli da aka yi amfani da shi, saitin maɓalli da aka bayar na iya buƙatar matakan matsa lamba daban-daban ko tafiya kafin aika siginar lantarki; misali, wasu maɓalli suna ba da izinin:

• gajeriyar nisan tafiya kuma yana buƙatar ƙasa da matsi fiye da yadda wasu suke yi.
• Ta hanyar injiniya waɗannan suna juyawa zuwa nau'ikan maɓallan madannai daban-daban, masu haɓakawa za su iya yin takamaiman maɓallan madannai masu girman su dace da komai daga wasa zuwa aikin ofis.

Sadarwar allo

Hanyoyin da ke ba da damar keyboard don sadarwa tare da kwamfuta suna da rikitarwa kuma sun ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa. A mafi sauƙi, madannai an haɗa shi zuwa wani keɓantaccen allon sarrafawa wanda ke fassara sigina zuwa bayanan da za a iya karantawa. Ana aika bayanan ta ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan kebul ɗin da aka keɓe (sau da yawa ko dai PS/2 ko USB) zuwa kwamfuta, inda ake sarrafa ta da aiki da ita.

Maɓallin jiki yana danna maɓallin lantarki kunna wutar lantarki mai suna a canza launi. Ana haɗe wannan canjin zuwa zanen gado guda biyu masu sassauƙa waɗanda ƴan ƴan sarari suka rabu. Lokacin da aka sanya matsi daga latsa maɓalli, babban takarda mai sassauƙa yana yin lamba tare da takarda na biyu da ke ƙasa da shi, wanda ke aika siginar lantarki zuwa allon sarrafawa a cikin jikin maballin. Wannan allon kulawa yana karɓar bayani akan wanne maɓalli aka danna sannan kuma ya sanya kowane latsa maɓalli zuwa cikin lambar dubawa wanda yayi daidai da matsayinsa akan madannai. Za a iya fassara lambar sikanin da ta haifar a ƙarshe zuwa rubutu da za a iya karantawa ta lambar koyarwar harshen injin da aka aika ta tashar USB ko PS/2 domin rubutunku ko umarnin wasan ku ya bayyana akan allon sa ido.

Wani bangaren na madannai na zamani ya ƙunshi fasahar backlighting don amfani da dare ko don haskaka maɓalli a yanayin wasan kwaikwayo. Ana sanya fitilun LED a ƙarƙashin takamaiman maɓalli kuma ana iya kashe su kuma akan gwargwadon hasken da kuke so dangane da babban nunin da kansa.

Fa'idodin Amfani da Allon Kwamfuta

Allon madannai na kwamfuta samar da hanya mai dacewa don bugawa akan kwamfuta. An tsara su don sauƙaƙe rayuwar mai amfani ta hanyar samarwa maɓallan gajerun hanyoyi, ƙira ergonomic, da saurin lokacin amsa yatsa. Bugu da kari, maɓallan madannai suna da yawa kuma ana iya amfani da su don aikace-aikace iri-iri, kamar buga takardu, ƙirƙirar gabatarwa, da sarrafa wasannin bidiyo.

Bari mu bincika amfanin amfani da madannai na kwamfuta:

Ƙara yawan aiki

Amfani da keyboard na kwamfuta zai iya ƙara yawan aiki sosai a al'amuran da yawa. Maɓallin kwamfuta shine na'urar da ake amfani da ita don shigar da rubutu cikin kwamfuta ko wata na'ura, kamar kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ko kwamfutar hannu. Yawanci yana ƙunshi maɓallan da aka tsara a cikin layuka akan tushe mai kusurwa huɗu kuma yana ba masu amfani damar shigar da bayanai cikin sauri da daidai.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan madannai, kamar maɓallan madannai na kama-da-wane da madannai na allo, madannin kwamfuta na iya taimakawa haɓaka yawan aiki ta kyale. saurin bugawa da sauri yayin rage kurakurai. Bugu da ƙari, suna ba da dama ga nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyi da ayyuka waɗanda ba su da sauran nau'ikan madannai. Wannan na iya haifar da ingantaccen shigarwar bayanai, wanda zai iya adana lokaci ga mai amfani.

Bugu da ƙari, wasu maɓallan kwamfuta sun zo sanye da jeri na maɓalli na musamman waɗanda aka tsara don takamaiman dalilai. Misali, da "saka" key yana bawa mai amfani damar saka haruffa a cikin rubutun da ke akwai ba tare da sake rubuta shi ba. Wannan yana da amfani musamman ga waɗanda ke buƙatar yin gyare-gyare akai-akai ko ƙara sabbin bayanai a cikin igiyoyin rubutu da ake da su ko yin wasu ayyuka iri ɗaya waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaito da sauri.

A ƙarshe, maɓallin madannai na zamani galibi suna da ƙarin fasali kamar su maɓallan multimedia wanda ke ba da izinin shiga da sauri zuwa wasu aikace-aikace ko ayyuka (watau ɓataccen sauti). Wannan yana taimaka wa masu amfani yin takamaiman umarni ba tare da cire hannayensu daga maballin madannai ba kuma suna ƙara haɓaka gabaɗayan su yayin aiki tare da aikace-aikace kamar shirye-shiryen sarrafa kalmomi da masu kunna sauti.

Ingantattun daidaito

Amfani da allon kwamfuta na iya zama babbar hanya don inganta daidaiton rubutu da yawan aiki. Ƙarfin shigar da bayanai da sauri cikin sauri ba tare da cire idanunku daga aikin da ke hannunku ba zai iya taimaka muku tafiya tare da inganci. Tare da amfani da wani ergonomic madannai, akwai ma ƙananan haɗarin kurakurai, kamar yadda maɓallan suna da sauƙin isa kuma suna lakafta su cikin tsari mai ma'ana. Kasancewar yana yiwuwa a buga takardu da sauri kuma yana rage kurakurai saboda ci gaba da sake karanta abubuwa don daidaito ko kuma buga rubutu.

Bugu da ƙari, tare da maɓallan madannai na musamman waɗanda ke da fasali maɓallan alamar rubutu ko lissafi don shirye-shirye akan takamaiman aikace-aikacen software, ana iya ƙara inganta daidaito a cikin waɗannan ayyuka.

Ingantattun ergonomics

Kasancewar kwamfuta keyboard yana bawa masu amfani damar rage damuwa a wuyan hannu, hannaye da sauran sassan jiki. Tun da ba a amfani da hannun ɗan adam wajen bazuwar yatsu a kowane lokaci - kamar yadda zai kasance yayin amfani da linzamin kwamfuta ko na'urar taɓawa - samun maballin keyboard yana sauƙaƙawa da jin daɗi ga mai amfani. Tare da madannai, masu amfani za su iya rubuta da wuyan hannu a cikin wani matsayin tsaka tsaki (watau, ba a lankwasa da yawa) saboda kowane maɓalli yana buƙatar ƙarancin latsawa fiye da yawancin maɓallan linzamin kwamfuta. Ta wannan hanyar, hannaye da yatsu suna fuskantar ƙarancin tashin hankali da matsin lamba wanda zai iya rage haɗarin haɓaka irin waɗannan yanayi kamar Carpal Rami ciwo or Raunin Tsarin Rikicin.

Bugu da ƙari, maɓallan madannai yawanci suna ba da madaidaiciyar matakan kafa waɗanda ke ba mai amfani damar daidaita kusurwar saman aikin su don ma fi dacewa. ergonomics.

Kammalawa

A ƙarshe, da allon kwamfuta wani muhimmin sashi ne na kayan aikin kowane mai amfani da kwamfuta, kuma fahimtar yadda take aiki shine mataki na farko na zama mai amfani da ilimi. Ta hanyar fahimtar nau'ikan maɓallan madannai daban-daban da ke akwai, ainihin ƙirar su da aikinsu, da shawarwarin kulawa don kiyaye su a cikin yanayi mai kyau, za ku iya tabbatar da cewa kwarewar kwamfutarka tana da daɗi sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Ko da wane nau'in madannai ne da kuke amfani da su, samun cikakkiyar fahimtar ayyukansa da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi zai tabbatar da cewa kuna cin gajiyar duk abubuwan da ke akwai. Bugu da ƙari, yin gyare-gyare akai-akai akan madannai naku na iya taimakawa tsawaita tsawon rayuwarsa da kuma tabbatar da yana ci gaba da aiki da kyau.

Barka dai, Ni Kim, mahaifiya ce kuma mai sha'awar tsayawa motsi tare da kwarewa a ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai da haɓaka yanar gizo. Ina da sha'awar zane da raye-raye, kuma yanzu na fara nutsewa a cikin duniyar tasha-motsi. Tare da bulogi na, Ina raba abubuwan da na koya tare da ku mutane.