LUTs: Menene Matsayin Launi?

da kim An sabunta: Yuni 27, 2022

Teburan Dubawa (LUTs) kayan aiki ne mai ƙarfi a ciki launi grading da bidiyo bayan-aiki. Suna ba ku damar keɓance na musamman da kyawawan abubuwan gani cikin sauri da sauƙi, don haka zaku iya ba masu sauraron ku mamaki tare da kyakkyawan sakamako na ƙwararru.

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika abubuwan yau da kullun na LUTs, yadda suke aiki, abin da za su iya yi muku, da kuma yadda za ku iya yin amfani da su a cikin ayyukan ku.

• Tushen LUTs
• Yaya LUTs aikin
• Abin da LUTs iya yi maka
• Yin mafi yawan LUTs a cikin ayyukanku

Ma'anar LUTs

Teburan dubawa (LUTs) kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don ƙididdige launi da sarrafa hoto. LUT shine ainihin tebur na bayanai wanda ke ba da takamaiman umarnin launi don fitowar bidiyo ko tsarin gyarawa. Ana kiran tsarin amfani da LUT "3D LUT” wanda ke tsaye ga tebur mai girma uku. Yana ba da damar daidaita hoto ko bidiyo cikin sauti, bambanci, jikewa, a tsakanin sauran sigogi da yawa don dacewa da wani kamanni ko daraja.

3D LUT wani muhimmin sashi ne na gyaran bidiyo tsari, musamman lokacin da ake buƙatar daidaita launi na ƙwararru da daidaito a kan nuni da yawa. A saman wannan, yana iya yin sauye-sauye masu sauƙi ga jigon fim ɗin gabaɗaya yayin da yake riƙe da halayensa na asali - yana sanya shi cikakkiyar kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar fim mai salo yana kallon manyan matakan daidaito da daidaito. Yawanci, akwai nau'ikan aikace-aikace guda biyu waɗanda aka sami nasarar amfani da 3D Luts - bayanan aikin da kuma watsa shirye-shirye.

A bayan samarwa, ana iya amfani da Luts don daidaita launuka da kuma sautin fata mai kyau da hasken yanayi akan hotuna cikin sauri da daidai. Ta wannan hanyar masu yin fim za su iya samun daidaiton sakamako a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai daban-daban tare da yin amfani da salo guda ɗaya a kowane fage ba tare da la’akari da muhalli ko kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su ba. Haka kuma, masu yin fina-finai kuma za su iya ƙirƙirar tasirin zane na musamman ba tare da ƙoƙari sosai ba ta hanyar haɗa kayan aikin 3D lut ɗin da aka riga aka gina tare da ayyukan ƙirƙira irin su vignettes da canza launi da aka yi amfani da su.

Watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen suna amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan ba kawai daidaitattun fina-finai ba amma tallace-tallace kuma -inda samun ƙarin iko akan launuka zai kasance da fa'ida daga mahangar fasaha da kuma ingancin kyawawan halaye. Anan 3dLuts yana ba da damar masu samarwa su tabbatar da ingantattun launuka masu tushe akan kowane harbi -kamar canza launin fata da sauransu, tabbatar da cewa duk abubuwan da aka watsa sun bi ka'idodin masana'antu don masu kallo su ga hotuna masu inganci kawai akan fuska daban-daban waɗanda ke samuwa a kan na'urorinsu tare da irin software. DaVinci Resolve15 da sauransu:

• Post Production
• Watsa shirye-shirye
• DaVinci Resolve15

Yadda LUTs ke Aiki

Duba Tables (LUTs) kayan aiki ne mai ban mamaki da aka yi amfani da su wajen tantance launi. Suna taimakawa daidaita ƙimar launi daban-daban ta yadda ainihin shigarwar da kuka sanya a cikin tsarin shine abin da ke fitowa ɗaya gefen. LUTs ana amfani da su a cikin ayyuka daban-daban da aikace-aikace daban-daban, daga samarwa mai kama-da-wane zuwa matakan samar da launi bayan samar da ayyukan aiki.

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu bincika yadda LUTs aiki da kuma yadda za a iya amfani da su don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin launi:

1. Yaya LUTs ana amfani da su a cikin aikin da aka yi bayan samarwa
2. Yaya za a nemi LUTs a cikin launi grading
3. Yadda ake ƙirƙirar LUTs don takamaiman ayyukan ƙididdige launi

Fahimtar Space Launi

Don fahimtar menene a Nemo Tebur (LUT) shi ne da kuma yadda yake aiki, yana da mahimmanci a fara samun fahimtar asali na sarari launi. Girma uku na sararin launi sune Hue, Jikewa da kuma Luminance. Hue yana nufin ɓangaren launi wanda ke gano launinsa ko inuwarsa kamar ja, shuɗi ko kore. Saturation yana nufin yadda launi mai ƙarfi ko haske yake yayin da haske ke ƙayyade yadda haske yake bayyana akan nuninmu.

A cikin hotuna na dijital, kowane pixel ya ƙunshi bayanai game da shi Hue, Jikewa da kuma Luminance dabi'u. Ana amfani da wannan bayanin ta shirye-shiryen gyaran bidiyo don nuna ingantattun launuka akan na'ura ko talabijin. LUTs suna iya canza wannan bayanin don canza wasu sassa na kamannin hoto gaba ɗaya - yawanci ta hanyar daidaita ɗaya ko fiye na girma uku a cikin sararin launi (Hue, Jikewa da kuma Luminance).

A LUTU ana iya amfani da shi don dalilai daban-daban - daga canza yanayin bambancin hoto gaba ɗaya da jikewa zuwa yin gyare-gyare na dabara ko canje-canje masu ban mamaki a cikin takamaiman sautuna a cikin hoto don ƙirƙirar salo mai salo. Misali, idan aka shafa daidai. LUTs sanya sautunan fata su yi laushi yayin da suke ƙara bambanci tsakanin launuka daban-daban da jikewa - ba samfurin ƙarshe wani yanayi daban-daban fiye da lokacin da kuka fara da faifan fim ɗinku kawai.

Fahimtar Launi Gamut

A launi gamut (wanda kuma aka sani da madaidaicin sarari) da gaske yana nufin kewayon launuka waɗanda za a iya samarwa a cikin takamaiman mahallin, kamar bidiyo ko bugu.

Nemo Tables (LUTs) ana amfani da su a cikin ƙididdige launi don ba da damar mai amfani don wakiltar bakan haske daidai da fitar da kamanni ɗaya a cikin sauran tsarin nuni ko tsinkaya masu jituwa.

A zahiri, Teburin Duba (LUT) shine canjin lissafi da aka adana azaman jerin lambobi. Ana kiransa da 'launi grading', '3D LUTs' ko 'cube LUTs'. Lokacin da aka zana launi tare da LUTs, masu gyara da ƙwararru suna adana daidai gwargwadon shigarwar su da ƙimar fitarwa, ba su damar ƙirƙirar hoton da yayi kama da daidai ko suna aiki tare da fim ɗin analog ko dijital, a cikin Final Cut Pro X, Adobe Premier. ko DaVinci Resolve.

Gudun aiki na tushen LUT yana sa ayyukan aiki da sauri, mafi daidaito kuma mafi inganci. Tare da aikin ƙimancin launi na gargajiya, dole ne ku daidaita kowane ƙimar launi daban ba tare da wani daidaito ba. Tare da kwararar aiki na tushen LUT, yana da sauƙi ga masu gyara da ƙwararru su yi amfani da daidaitattun canje-canjen launi a cikin manyan hotuna da sauri da inganci.

Domin wannan tsari ya gudana yadda ya kamata yana buƙatar duk na'urori suyi amfani da daidaitattun launi iri ɗaya - yawanci Maimaita 709 amma kuma DCI-P3 don wasu nau'ikan kamara na dijital - lokacin adana bayanai game da wuraren launi ta yadda launuka daga na'ura za su iya motsa su daidai da wani ba tare da wani kurakurai da ke faruwa a tsarin canja wuri ba.

Nau'in LUTs

LUTs (Duba Tables) ana amfani da su wajen ƙididdige launi don sarrafa da haɓaka hotunan bidiyo. Don cimma wannan, LUTs suna canza takamaiman ƙimar launi da haske a cikin hoton don ƙirƙirar sakamakon da ake so. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan LUT waɗanda aka tsara don nau'ikan gyaran launi daban-daban. Bari mu kalli kadan daga cikin nau'ikan LUT daban-daban da amfaninsu:

• Shiga zuwa Linear - Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in LUT don canza fim ɗin logarithmic zuwa sararin launi mai layi. Ana amfani da wannan yawanci don hotunan log daga kyamarori na dijital.
• Ƙirƙira - Ana amfani da LUT masu ƙirƙira don haɓaka kamanni da jin daɗin fim ta canza launuka da bambanci. Yana iya ƙara jin daɗin fina-finai zuwa fim.
• Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na 709 - Ana amfani da Rec709 LUTs don canza fim ɗin zuwa sararin launi na Rec709. Ana amfani da wannan lokacin da hotunan ke buƙatar dacewa da sararin launi na mai duba bidiyo.
• k - Ana amfani da Calibration LUTs don daidaita hotuna zuwa takamaiman sarari launi. Ana amfani da wannan don cimma daidaiton kamanni a cikin nau'ikan hotuna daban-daban.

Farashin LUT

Farashin LUT teburi ne masu duba launi waɗanda ke ba da damar masu gyara bidiyo da hotuna su dace da faifan kyamarori daban-daban. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi da daidaito tsakanin kyamarori tare da gamuts launi daban-daban ko na'urori masu sarrafawa. Hakanan ana amfani da Log LUTs don ƙirƙirar toning mai salo, galibi tare da kallon silima.

Lokacin amfani da log LUTs, yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata, tunda ba za su “gyara” al'amuran fim ɗin da ba su da kyau. Log-LUT ana amfani da su a ƙarshen aikin gyara don tabbatar da ingantaccen sakamako.

Nau'in Log LUTs:

• Standard Log: Ana amfani da madaidaicin log LUT don dacewa da zaɓin nau'in kyamara/bayanin bayanan martaba da filayen masu canzawa zuwa tsari guda ɗaya. Wannan yana ba da damar faifan kamara da yawa su bayyana iri ɗaya don goyan bayan haɗewar kamannin ƙarshe. Manufar ita ce samun 'kallo ɗaya' a cikin faifan fim, ba tare da la'akari da asalin kyamarar sa ba ko nau'in sarrafawa (watau Blackmagic vs RED).
• Log ɗin ƙirƙiraƘirƙirar log LUTS ta mayar da hankali kan samar da takamaiman tasiri lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa faifan bidiyo/hoto kamar bambancin hoto mai faɗi da cire kamannin gradient wanda wani mai rikodin filin / kamara ya ƙirƙira. Hakanan yana iya ƙirƙirar kamanni na ban mamaki da aka yi amfani da su don jagorar fasaha ko canza yanayin gabaɗaya ga wasu shirye-shiryen bidiyo waɗanda suka fice daga sauran ayyukanku dangane da yanayi ko ji - kamar ƙirƙirar kyan gani mai farin jini daga jerin abubuwa kamar Stranger Things, Westworld da sauran almarar kimiyya / fantasy nuna.

Ƙirƙirar LUTs

Ƙirƙirar LUTs ana amfani da su don ƙara canje-canjen tonal da salo mai salo ga hotuna. Suna iya sarrafa tsinkayen launi ta hanyoyi da yawa, kamar wuce gona da iri na wasu sautuna ko daidaita takamaiman kewayon hoton. Za a iya amfani da Ƙirƙirar LUT's don cimma salon girbi, tasirin fim ɗin analog ko jujjuyawar baki & fari. Nau'o'in Ƙirƙirar LUT na gama gari sun haɗa da:

• Canje-canje a cikin LUTs: Waɗannan LUTs suna yin kwafin dabarar ɗaki mai duhu na fim ɗin sarrafa giciye inda ake amfani da sinadarai mara kyau don haɓaka fim ɗin wanda ke haifar da launuka marasa ɗaci da bambanci.
• Fashion/Beauty LUTs: Waɗannan LUTs an tsara su ne musamman don sautunan fata da harbin salo, tausasa sautunan fata mai laushi suna tabbatar da daidaiton kyan gani a duk dandamalin kafofin watsa labarai, daga bugawa zuwa gidan yanar gizo & tsarin hoto na motsi.
• Rarraba Sautin & Duotone LUTs: Waɗannan kayan aikin ƙirƙira ƙira suna ba ku damar amfani da jiyya daban-daban na launi daban-daban a cikin matakan haske daban-daban a cikin hoto don matsakaicin zurfin da sarrafawa daki-daki.
• Darkroom Emulation LUTs: Tare da waɗannan, zaku iya kwaikwayi mashahurin hannun jari na fim kamar Black & White ta hanyar raba hotunan toning da haɓaka cikakkun bayanai tare da lanƙwasa tsakiyar sautin ko kamanni masu yaduwa.
• Teburan Neman Vintage (LUT): Sake ƙirƙira wannan alamar tambarin gargajiya tare da ingantacciyar jin daɗin girbin girkin bai taɓa samun sauƙi ba ta amfani da ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga Vintage Lookup Tables (LUT).

LUTs na fasaha

LUTs na fasaha wuce launi grading da normalization. Waɗannan nau'ikan LUTs an tsara su musamman don samun takamaiman takamaiman tasiri akan ko dai Baƙar fata, Fari, Kaifi ko Gamma. Hakanan ana iya amfani da waɗannan LUTs don gyara duk wata matsala yayin aikin samarwa, kamar rashin daidaituwar launi tsakanin kyamarori daban-daban ko tushen haske.

Alal misali, a fasahar LUT ana iya amfani da su don haɗa baƙar fata da farar fata a cikin kyamarori daban-daban guda biyu don haka idan aka kalli kan duba guda, suna kama da daidaito kuma suna kama da yanayin sautin.

LUTs na fasaha Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don sakamako na musamman kamar:

• Hoto mai zafi ta hanyar canza launuka a cikin inuwa wanda ke haifar da tasirin gaske.

Fa'idodin Amfani da LUTs

LUTs (Duba Tables) kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci don ƙaddamar da launi a cikin masu sana'a da masu son fim da masana'antun samar da bidiyo. Suna ba da hanya mai sauri, inganci, da madaidaiciya don amfani da sarrafa gyare-gyaren launi zuwa aikin ku, yana taimaka muku cimma yanayin da ake so da jin sauri.

A cikin wannan sashe, za mu dubi fa'idodin amfani da LUTs da kuma dalilin da ya sa suke da mahimmanci a cikin tsarin tantance launi:

• Gyara launi mai sauri da inganci
• Madaidaicin launi a tsakanin hotuna da yawa
• Sauƙi don daidaitawa da keɓancewa
• Sauƙi don amfani ga manyan ayyuka

dace

Teburan dubawa (LUTs) samar da masu launi masu ƙirƙira tare da ingantattun hanyoyi, madaidaitan kuma amintattun hanyoyin da za su iya tantance wuri ko harbi. Suna da matukar amfani wajen taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton launi tsakanin hotuna biyu ko fage, ko da an harbe su akan kyamarori daban-daban. Ta amfani da LUT da aka riga aka samar, zaku iya farawa da sauri tare da gabaɗayan darajar ku sannan ku ƙara ƙara kamar yadda ya cancanta.

LUTs Hakanan yana taimakawa rage yawan lokacin da ake kashewa akan aikin ba tare da ɓata kowane ingancinsa ba ta hanyar kyale mai launi ya aiwatar da harbe-harbe da yawa a lokaci ɗaya maimakon ɗaya ɗaya. Suna ba da iko mafi girma akan kamanni na ƙarshe da sautin jeri duka domin kowane firam ɗin ya bayyana daidai da kyan gani. Bugu da ƙari, LUTs na iya samar da ƙayyadaddun kayan haɓɓakawa a duk tsawon hotuna ta ƙara ƙaramin adadin bambanci, jikewa, ko haske a inda ya cancanta, wanda ƙila ba zai yiwu ba lokacin daidaita firam ɗin ɗaya da hannu.

• Amfanin amfani da LUTs:
  • Fara da sauri tare da jimlar darajar ku
  • Rage lokacin da ake kashewa akan aikin
  • Matsakaicin iko akan kallon ƙarshe da sautin gabaɗayan jeri
  • Haɓaka da hankali a duk lokacin harbi
  • Duban dabi'a saboda launin launi yana dogara ne akan hadadden lissafi
  • Taimaka gyara matsaloli kamar simintin launi ba tare da daidaita sigogi da yawa a lokaci ɗaya ba

daidaito

Lokacin amfani da Teburan Duba sama (LUTs) don ƙididdige launi, adadin lokacin da ake buƙata don yin canje-canje ga duka ayyukan yana raguwa sosai. Wannan zai haifar da saurin aiki mai sauri, ba tare da asarar inganci ba.

Bugu da kari, lokacin da kake tantance hoto ko jerin hotuna akai-akai da su LUTs, za ku iya tabbatar da cewa duk wani canje-canje da kuka yi a cikin dukan aikin ya kasance daidai. Wannan yana ba ku damar ba da garantin babban matakin daidaito da daidaito tsakanin kowane mutum harbi da kuma taimakawa wajen kula da yanayin gabaɗaya da jin daɗin duk hotuna, maimakon samun shi a ko'ina. Matsakaicin lokacin da ake ƙididdige launi key wajen isar da sako mai kyau da ba da labarin ku yadda ya kamata.

Quality

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun amfani Dubi Tables (LUTs) lokacin da za a ƙirƙira launi shine ingantattun hotuna. Da farko dai, LUTs sun fi daidai idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin saboda suna sauƙaƙe tsarin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar mai da hankali kan kimiyya da lissafi da aka riga aka tsara. Tare da algorithms na kwamfuta da ayyuka na atomatik bisa ƙayyadaddun alamu da ma'auni masu launi, masu amfani za su iya amfana daga ingantacciyar ƙima mai launi wanda ke samar da sakamako mai dacewa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da babban matakin inganci a cikin duk ayyukan-musamman tun da akwai ƙarancin sarari don kurakurai kamar daidaitattun sautunan fata ko daidaitaccen launi a wasu wuraren.

Wani bangare na inganci yana da alaƙa da sauri da inganci da ke tattare da LUTs. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin hannu kamar Ƙidodi or sliders wanda ke buƙatar lokaci mai yawa don ƙayyade maki, matakan, ma'auni da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi kowane harbi (ɗaukar albarkatu masu mahimmanci), ta yin amfani da LUTs yana ba masu amfani da sauri a cikin sauri wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage farashin ta hanyar rage lokacin aiki da ake buƙata a duk ayyukan. Bugu da ƙari, ayyuka na atomatik kamar waɗannan suna ba wa masu amfani da ingantaccen sakamako a cikin ƙasan lokaci-mai girma don harbi a kan m jadawalin ko kuma kawai tabbatar da cewa an cika wa'adin ƙarshe da sauri da inganci.

Kammalawa

A ƙarshe, LUTs kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci ga masu launi don ƙirƙirar daidaiton launi a cikin ayyukan da kyamarori. Tare da ikon daidaita launuka ta hanyar taswirar gamut da HDR, LUTs suna ba da ingantaccen sakamako da sauri. Ta hanyar yin amfani da fasaha mai ƙarfi da inganci, kowane nau'i na aikin aiki yana kunna tare da launuka masu kyau da daidaitattun wurare masu launi. Tare da ilimin da ya dace, maganganun gani na masu launi na iya zama ƙari robust fiye da baya.

Barka dai, Ni Kim, mahaifiya ce kuma mai sha'awar tsayawa motsi tare da kwarewa a ƙirƙirar kafofin watsa labarai da haɓaka yanar gizo. Ina da sha'awar zane da raye-raye, kuma yanzu na fara nutsewa a cikin duniyar tasha-motsi. Tare da bulogi na, Ina raba abubuwan da na koya tare da ku mutane.