IRE: He aha ia i ke ana o nā hōʻailona wikiō Composite?

na kim Hoʻololi: June 29, 2022

ʻO ka Intereventrectangularity (IRE) kahi ana o ka ʻōlinolino pili o ka hōʻailona wikiō, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wikiō composite.

Ana ʻia ia ma nā ʻāpana i kapa ʻia ʻo IRE, ʻo ia ka pālākiō o 0-100, me 0 ka pōʻeleʻele loa a ʻo 100 ka mālamalama loa.

Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo IRE e nā mea hoʻolaha a me nā ʻenekini wikiō ma ke ʻano o ke ana ʻana a me ka calibrating i ka mālamalama o kahi hōʻailona wikiō.

Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i ke ʻano o ka IRE a pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ke ana ʻana o nā hōʻailona wikiō composite.

Wehewehe o IRE

Kū ʻo IRE no "Institute of Radio Engineers." He hoʻonui ia i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō composite, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ka pae kuhikuhi "ʻeleʻele" a me ka pae keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe (ma nā ʻōnaehana ʻAmelika) a i ʻole ka pae kuhikuhi keʻokeʻo a me nā pae ʻeleʻele kiʻekiʻe (ma ʻEulopa a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe). Hōʻike maʻamau ka waiwai ma nā ʻāpana IRE ma kahi oscilloscope, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ana mai ka 0 IRE (ʻeleʻele) a i ka 100 IRE (keʻokeʻo).

Ua kiʻi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo IRE mai kahi ʻenekinia ma RCA i ka makahiki 1920 a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia i waena o nā ʻenekini kīwī no ka calibrating ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō. Ua ʻae ʻia ia e kekahi mau hui kūlana honua, e lilo i ana i ʻae ʻia no nā laina ʻoniʻoni TV a me ka hohonu modulation. No ka mea ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kēlā me kēia mea hana i kā lākou mau mea hana, i ka wā e hana ana ma nā ʻōnaehana lehulehu he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau waiwai like ʻole a hoʻoponopono iā lākou e like me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana kūpono.

Moolelo o IRE

ʻO IRE ('ōlelo 'eye-rayhee') ke kū nei no Institution of Radio Engineers a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1912 ma ke ʻano he hui ʻoihana no nā ʻenekini lekiō. Ua hoʻokō ka IRE i kahi maʻamau no nā hōʻailona wikiō hui pū e pili ana i ke ana ʻana o nā wehewehe ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo i ka hōʻailona uila i hōʻike ʻia i kahi mea hōʻike kiʻi.

Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo IRE e ana i nā ʻano hōʻailona wikiō like ʻole, e like me; NTSC, PAL, SECAM, HDMI a me DVI. Hoʻohana ʻo NTSC i kahi wehewehe ʻokoʻa o ka IRE ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 7.5 IRE no ka pae ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka 0 IRE i hoʻohana ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua.

Hoʻohana ʻo PAL i ka 0 IRE no ka pae ʻeleʻele a me 100 IRE no ka pae keʻokeʻo e hiki ai ke hoʻohālikelike maʻalahi me nā ʻōnaehana kala ʻē aʻe e like me NTSC a me SECAM. Hoʻohana nā hōʻailona wehewehe kiʻekiʻe e like me HDMI a me DVI i kahi wehewehe kiʻekiʻe aʻe me nā kala hohonu e like me 16-235 a i ʻole 16-240 i wehewehe ʻia e nā kūlana HDMI 2.0a kahi i piha ai nā helu 230 a i ʻole 240 ma hope o 16 e wehewehe ana i ka ʻeleʻele aʻo 256 wehewehe i ka pae keʻokeʻo e pili ana.

Ke neʻe nei ka ʻano hou i nā ʻano kikohoʻe e like me HDMI e paʻa maikaʻi ana me ka walaʻau kaapuni akā pono nō ka calibration kūpono ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻano kikohoʻe pono e pono ai ka hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻana ma waena o nā hōʻailona hoʻokomo e like me nā mea pāʻani DVD, nā mea pāʻani Blu-ray a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea pāʻani pāʻani i ʻokoʻa ka wehewehe ʻana. kekahi i kekahi e pili ana i nā hōʻailona hoʻopuka i hana ʻia e pili ana i nā hoʻololi i hana ʻia ma luna o lākou mai ka hiʻohiʻona mea hoʻohana hope e like me ka ʻōlinolino a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa ma ke kīwī ponoʻī.

He aha ka IRE?

ʻO IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers) kahi pōkole i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka wā e kūkākūkā ai i nā hōʻailona wikiō hui. He ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa, ka waihoʻoluʻu, a me ka ʻōlinolino o kahi hōʻailona wikiō, a me nā pae kani. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo IRE no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā ʻano wikiō a me nā ana i loko o ka domain analog. E nānā pono kākou i ka IRE a me kāna mau noi like ʻole.

Pehea ka hoʻohana ʻana o IRE i nā hōʻailona wikiō?

ʻO IRE, a i ʻole Inverse Relative Exposure, he ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ka amplitude o kahi hōʻailona wikiō. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo IRE i ka hana kīwī a me ka hoʻolaha lekiō i ka wā e ana ana i nā hōʻailona wikiō composite. Ana maʻamau ia ma ka laulā mai 0 a 100 ma ka pālākiō.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ana IRE ma ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana o ka maka i ka ʻōlinolino a me ka waihoʻoluʻu—e like me ke ʻano wela o ka waihoʻoluʻu e hoʻohana mau ai ka lehulehu no nā wehewehe o ke kukui keʻokeʻo. Ma nā hōʻailona wikiō, hōʻike ʻo 0 IRE ʻaʻohe volta hōʻailona wikiō a ʻo 100 IRE e hōʻike ana i ka volta hiki loa (ma ke ʻano, he kiʻi keʻokeʻo āpau).

Ke ana ʻana i nā pae ʻālohilohi, hoʻohana nā mea hana uila i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole e like me nā nits no nā hōʻike TV backlit LED a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae-lamberts no nā mea hoʻonaninani maʻamau e like me nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Eia naʻe, hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau unahi ma nā candelas no kēlā me kēia mika square (cd/m²). Ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cd/m² ma ke ʻano o ka mana laina laina o ka ʻike luminance, hoʻohana maʻamau nā hōʻailona analog i ka IRE ma kāna ʻāpana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka volta laina i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koi loaʻa NTSC a i ʻole PAL.

Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā waiwai IRE i ka ʻoihana hoʻolaha; hilinaʻi ka poʻe ʻenekinia hoʻolaha iā lākou i ka wā e calibrating ai i nā mea hana e hopu ai a hoʻolaha paha i nā hōʻailona wikiō composite e like me nā kamera a me nā TV. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, hoʻohana nā mea ʻenekinia hoʻolaha i nā helu ma waena o 0-100 i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai / hoʻoponopono i nā pae leo a me nā wikiō i ka wā o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hoʻolaha.

Pehea e ana ʻia ai ka IRE?

Kū ʻo IRE no ka Institute of Radio Engineers a ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō hui. Ana ʻia ia ma nā millivolts (mV) mai 0 mV a 100 mV, e hōʻike ana i kahi laulā maʻamau kahi e hāʻule ai nā hōʻailona wikiō composite no ka hana kūpono.

Hele ka IRE mai -40 a hiki i ka 120 i loko o kēlā me kēia kiʻi wikiō a ua māhele ʻia kēlā ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa i mau ʻāpana e nā helu kuhikuhi i kapa ʻia nā helu IRE. A laila ana ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona mai 0 IRE (ʻeleʻele) a i 100 IRE (keʻokeʻo).

ʻO 0 IRE ka waiwai kūpono no ka ʻeleʻele ʻoiaʻiʻo a pili ia me ka 7.5 mV peak-to-peak amplitude ma kahi hōʻailona NTSC maʻamau a i ʻole me 1 V peak-to-peak amplitude ma ka hōʻailona PAL.

Hōʻike ka 100IRE i ka pae keʻokeʻo 100%, ua like ia me ka volta hōʻailona o 70 mV peak-to-peak ma kahi hōʻailona NTSC a me 1 Volt peak-to-peak ma kahi hōʻailona PAL; ʻoiai ʻo 40 IRE ma lalo o ka pae ʻeleʻele (-40IRE) ma 300 mV peak-to-peak ma ka hōʻailona NTSC a i ʻole 4 Vand 50% hina e like me 35IRE (35% kikohoʻe piha unahi).

Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau pae ma ke ʻano he kiko kuhikuhi i ke ana ʻana i nā pae like ʻole i loko o ke kiʻi, e like me ka ʻōlinolino holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoponopono hoʻohālikelike kiʻi, nā loaʻa luma a i ʻole chroma a i ʻole nā ​​pae a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe e like me nā pae pedestal inā pili.

Nā ʻano IRE

Hoʻohana ʻia ke ana IRE e ana i ka pae amplitude o kahi hōʻailona wikiō composite analog. Kū ia no ka "electrode kuhikuhi koke" a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana kīwī hoʻolaha. I ka hiki ʻana mai i ka IRE, aia kekahi mau ʻano i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hōʻailona, ​​​​mai nā ʻāpana IRE maʻamau a i nā ʻāpana NTSC a me PAL IRE. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e nānā mākou i nā ʻano ana like ʻole o ka IRE a me nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou.

IRE 0

ʻO IRE ('ōlelo "eye-reel") ke kū nei no ka Institute of Radio Engineers, kahi ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia e loiloi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻailona wikiō. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo IRE i ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō hui.
Ua helu ʻia ka pālākiō IRE mai ka 0 a i ka 100 a ʻo kēlā me kēia helu e hōʻike ana i ka nui o nā volts. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kahi heluhelu IRE 0 i ka volta pili ʻoiai ʻo ka heluhelu IRE 100 e hōʻike ana i ka 1 volt a i ʻole 100 pākēneka luminance pae e pili ana i ka pae blanking. Eia kekahi, ua like ka waiwai 65 IRE me 735 millivolts (mV) a i ʻole zero decibel i kuhikuhi ʻia i hoʻokahi volt peak-to-peak (dBV).

Aia nā ʻano nui ʻekolu o IRE:
-IRE 0: ʻAʻole hōʻike i ka volta pili, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano ana e helu i ka overscan a me ka underscan i nā kiʻi i nānā ʻia.
-IRE 15: E hōʻike ana ma kahi o 25 millivolts (mV), hoʻohana mua ʻia e ana i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka lānai hope a me nā pae hoʻonohonoho i nā hōʻailona hoʻolaha.
-IRE 7.5/75%: E hōʻike ana i kahi pae AGC (Automatic Gain Control); ʻO kēia ʻano ana e hōʻike ana i ka ʻālohilohi ma waena o nā ʻāpana malu i loko o kahi kiʻi a me nā ʻāpana i hōʻike ʻia ma waho o ke kiʻi.

IRE 7.5

ʻO IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers) ka ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō i hui pū ʻia ma ke kīwī hoʻolaha. Mai ka 0 a i ka 100 ka pae ana o ka IRE, me ka pae sync he 7.5 IRE. Hōʻike kēia i ka 7.5 IRE ma ke ʻano he "ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele" e hōʻike ana i ka ʻeleʻele piha no ka wikiō, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pae hōʻailona piha i nā kūlana wikiō e like me NTSC a me PAL.

Ma ka NTSC a me ka PAL i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hōʻailona wikiō, 'ʻeleʻele / ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka ʻeleʻele' ʻo 0-7.5 IRE, 'ma lalo o ka sync' ʻo -40 IRE, 30 no ka 'keʻokeʻo' a ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo ʻo 70-100 IRE kēlā me kēia mākaʻikaʻi piha. keʻokeʻo no kēia kūlana kūikawā. ʻO ka mea nui e ʻike ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā waiwai ma waena o 0-7.5IRE akā kōkua i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho pololei ʻana a i ʻole ka ʻike manawa i hoʻohana ʻia e nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kīwī i ka wā e loaʻa ai a hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona TV; ʻoiai ʻike ʻia nā waiwai ma waho o ka laulā 0-100 MAY akā pono e pale ʻia inā hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻikeʻike/ka hana o ke kīwī hoʻolaha.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike kiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aka like ʻole e noho ana i loko o kēlā mau pae e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kikoʻī kiʻi e hōʻike nui ana iā ia ma ka wehewehe kiʻekiʻe loa ma nā TV pale nui a paʻakikī paha ke ʻike pono me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano analog e like me S-Video a i ʻole RF wired antenna system.

IRE 15

ʻO IRE 15, ʻike ʻia ʻo blanking level, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻāpana ana hōʻailona i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka wikiō composite. ʻO kahi hōʻailona wikiō i hui pū ʻia me nā pulse sync a me ke kūpaʻa a me nā hōʻailona ʻike luminance a me chrominance. ʻO IRE (Institute of Radio Engineers) ka ʻāpana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka amplitude o kēia mau hōʻailona. Ua like ka IRE 15 me ka puka uila o 0.3 volts peak-to-peak ma kahi hōʻailona NTSC a i ʻole 0 volts peak-to-peak ma kahi hōʻailona PAL (NTSC a me PAL nā kūlana hoʻolaha kikohoʻe).

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo IRE 15 e hōʻike i ka wā ʻaʻohe ʻikepili o kahi ʻāpana o ke kiʻi - ua ʻike ʻia kēia wahi ʻo ka "blanking area". Aia ia ma waena o ka pae ʻeleʻele a me ka pae keʻokeʻo - maʻamau 7.5 IRE ma lalo o ka huina blanking i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma 100 IRE. ʻO ka laulā mai 0 IRE (ʻeleʻele holoʻokoʻa) a hiki i 7.5 IRE e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻeleʻele o ke kiʻi ma ka pale, kahi e hōʻike ai i kona hiki ke hōʻike i nā kikoʻī o ke aka a i ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻike noʻeau i loko o nā kukui a me nā kala like ʻole.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō, he mea nui ia e mālama i ka 7.5 V peak-to-peak ma nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kiʻi i nā manawa a pau no nā kumu āpau āu e manaʻo ai e hōʻike - e hōʻoia kēia i ka colorimetry pololei i loko o kāu ʻōnaehana no nā ʻike analog wehewehe maʻamau a me Nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike HDTV e like me ATSC, 1080p/24 a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia me 100% keʻokeʻo (IRE 100) ma kahi ʻōlinolino ʻaʻole e hoʻonāukiuki i nā maka ke nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ma nā hōʻike TV a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻike maoli ʻia nā aka āpau. akā ʻaʻole i hoʻomālamalama nui ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou me nā pae o nā ʻeleʻele e ʻike maʻalahi i ka maʻalahi a ʻoluʻolu naʻe - ʻo ia ke kumu i lilo ai ke komo ʻana i nā hoʻonohonoho kūpono (mau pae IRE) ma o nā mea uila hou i lilo i mea koʻikoʻi no ka hōʻoia ʻana e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maikaʻi. nā kiʻi pololei mai kāu hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni / hoʻonohonoho hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ola i kēia lā!

Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka IRE

ʻO IRE (IEEE Standards Association Radiometric Equivalent) kahi ʻāpana ana i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i nā hōʻailona wikiō hui. ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana ana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā lako wikiō ʻoihana. He nui nā pono o ka IRE, me ka hiki ke ana pono i nā hōʻailona luminance a me chrominance, e kōkua ana i ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā pono o ka IRE a me ke kumu he mea nui ia i ka ʻoihana wikiō.

Hoʻoulaula kala pololei

ʻO ka IRE ke kū nei no ka institute of capacity engineers a ua kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1938. ʻO IRE kahi ʻāpana ana i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka amplitude o kahi hōʻailona wikiō hui. I ke ana ʻana i ka hōʻailona wikiō hoʻohuihui, hāʻawi ʻo IRE i nā pōmaikaʻi he nui, me ka hana hou ʻana i ka kala pololei.

ʻAe ʻo IRE i nā mea hoʻonohonoho ʻoihana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻenehana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻopuka pololei ʻana o nā kala ma o ka nānā wikiō i ka wā e calibration ana i kahi ʻōnaehana wikiō. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻāpana IRE ke ana ʻaʻole wale i ka helu o nā laina ma waena o ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo i loaʻa ma ke kiʻi, akā pū kekahi i ko lākou luminance pili. Me ia pololei, he mea maʻalahi no ka mea hoʻonoho a i ʻole ka ʻenehana e hōʻoia i ka ʻike ʻana o nā kala kūpono i ka hōʻike kiʻi hope loa.

ʻAe ʻo IRE iā mākou e hoʻonohonoho i nā lako kūpono i hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻopuka kala pololei ʻana me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o nā mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia. Mālama kēia i nā kala kala i ʻike ʻia i nā mea hana like ʻole e paʻa mau ma nā ala āpau a me nā mea hoʻopuka e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona wikiō. Hiki i nā mea nānā a i ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻike i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia ke hana nui i ka hōʻoia ʻana ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā leo a i ʻole nā ​​aka ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa i ka wā o ka pāʻani ʻana, e hāʻawi ana iā mākou i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike me nā hue a me nā leo hilinaʻi e kūlike pololei i kā mākou kumu kumu kumu.

Hoʻomalu ʻālohilohi pololei

ʻO ka Integrated Rise and Fall (IRE) kahi ana e nānā ana i ka ʻōlinolino o nā hōʻailona wikiō hui pū. ʻO kēia maʻamau, i hoʻomohala ʻia e ka American National Television System Committee (ANSTC), hāʻawi i kahi ana hilinaʻi o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano mea wikiō āpau a hiki ke hoʻomalu pono i ka mālamalama.

Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana IRE ma nā helu pākēneka i ana ʻia ma ka pālākiō mai 0 a 100. Hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia ka pālākiō IRE i 28 mau waiwai mai ka 0 IRE, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻeleʻele holoʻokoʻa, a hiki i 100 IRE, e hōʻike ana i ke keʻokeʻo kiʻekiʻe. Ana pinepine ʻia ka hohonu o ke kiʻi, a i ʻole ka lākiō hoʻohālikelike, i loko o ka laulā IRE o 70-100% ʻoiai ke ana ʻia ka ʻōlinolino a i ʻole ka ʻōlinolino o ke kiʻi i loko o ka laulā IRE o 7-10%.

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wehewehe maʻamau a me nā ana e like me nā ʻāpana IRE ma waena o nā ʻano mea hana wikiō a me nā ʻenehana hiki ke wehewehe pololei i ka pae i makemake ʻia o ka hoʻopuka hōʻailona no nā noi kikoʻī e like me ke kīwī hoʻolaha e koi ai i ka mana pololei ma luna o ka ikaika luʻu a me ka manawa piʻi o ka hōʻailona. Eia hou, hiki i nā ʻenehana ke hoʻoholo me ka hilinaʻi inā hana kekahi ʻāpana o nā mea hana i nā pae hōʻailona i loko o nā kūlana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻohana palekana ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ke kaulahao hana hōʻailona.

Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenehana hōʻike hoʻonui (IRE) i nā ʻōnaehana kiʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi. Hiki i nā limahana mālama ola ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi a maʻalahi paha ma nā kiʻi MRI i ʻike ʻole ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana kiʻi ʻē aʻe. Ke hana nei ke kaʻina hana IRE ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa o ke kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia, e ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aʻe o ka ʻike ma mua o ka wā ma mua. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka ʻike a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā liona liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻiʻo ma ka pale.

Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo IRE me ka ultrasound imaging, e kōkua ana i nā kauka e hōʻoia i nā maʻi e pili ana i ka pēpē a me nā pēpē hānau hou, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i nā pilikia kūkulu mua a i ʻole nā ​​​​maʻi genetic i ka wā hāpai. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo IRE me ke kiʻi x-ray e hiki ai i nā kauka ke ʻike i nā haʻihaʻi iwi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia hui, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona pololei me ka wikiwiki a pololei.

Ke hoʻohana ʻia nei ʻo URE i nā wahi radiotherapy e like me ka radiation oncology no ka hoʻopaʻa pololei ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i ka radiation therapy, e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ana i nā nui o ka radiation no ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka poʻe maʻi e mālama ana i ka maʻi kanesa. Nui nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana IRE; hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka palekana o ka maʻi ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kauka i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka pololei i ka wā e ʻike ai i nā kūlana, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā liona liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​​​hanana kiko a lākou i hala ʻole me ke kōkua ʻole o IRE.

Panina

I ka hopena, ʻo IRE a i ʻole ka Institute of Radio Engineers kahi ʻāpana o ke ana i hoʻohana ʻia e ana i nā hōʻailona wikiō. ʻO ka hōʻailona 100-IRE ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mana i nā hōʻailona wikiō i hāʻawi ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hōʻailona 0-IRE e like me ka zero volts a me ka pae haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hiki ai i kahi hōʻailona wikiō hui ke hoʻokō. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka pālākiō IRE e ana i ka ikaika a me ka akaka o kekahi kiʻi i hāʻawi ʻia a i ʻole hōʻailona leo, inā paha e hoʻolaha ʻia ana, hōʻike ʻia ma ke kīwī a i ʻole hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele. Ana ʻia nā hōʻailona wikiō ma nā hoʻonui o 1/100th o kahi IRE e hoʻomaka ana ma 0 a pau ma 100.

Ke hoʻopaʻa leo a i ʻole wikiō, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi kokoke i 0-IRE e like me ka hiki no ka maikaʻi o ka leo maikaʻi. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pae i ka wā o ka pāʻani ʻana, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka leo a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka ʻōlinolino me ka hopohopo ʻole e pili ana i ka distortion mai ke keakea. Eia kekahi, kōkua kēia ʻōnaehana e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā calibrations i nā ʻōnaehana hana a pau i nā hōʻailona composite no nā ana kūpono a me ka scaling ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana.

Aloha ʻoe, ʻo wau ʻo Kim, he makuahine a he mea hoihoi hoʻi me ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana i ka media a me ka hoʻomohala pūnaewele. Nui koʻu makemake i ke kaha kiʻi a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a ke luʻu mua nei au i ka honua hoʻomaha. Me kaʻu blog, ke kaʻana nei au i kaʻu mau ʻike me ʻoukou.