Shutter: Nws yog dab tsi hauv koob yees duab?
Lub shutter yog ib feem ntawm a lub koob yees duab uas tswj cov nqi ntawm lub teeb uas tau tso cai kom dhau mus thiab ncav cuag cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis digital sensor.
Nws yog ib qho khoom siv uas qhib thiab kaw sai heev thiaj li yuav ntes tau ib tus ncej ntawm daim duab.
Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav tham txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub shutter, nws ua haujlwm li cas, thiab hom dab tsi shutter technologies muaj nyob:
Hauv kab ntawv no peb yuav npog:
Kev txhais ntawm Shutter
Ib lub shutter yog ib qho khoom siv hauv lub koob yees duab lossis lwm yam khoom siv lub teeb-sensitive uas tswj cov nqi ntawm lub teeb mus txog cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis duab sensor. Nws muaj ib daim ntaub opaque uas qhib thiab kaw sai hla lub teeb-sensitive nto. Thaum qhib, lub shutter tso cai rau lub teeb nkag mus, thiab thaum kaw nws blocks tawm ib qho kev nkag mus ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv cov koob yees duab niaj hnub, shutters yuav yog electronically tswj thiab powered los ntawm lub roj teeb es tsis yog ua manually.
Lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj qhib tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li nws siv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev dua xws li thaum thaij duab ntawm cov duab hauv qhov tsaus ntuj xws li kev txhaj tshuaj hmo ntuj thiab lwm yam teeb pom kev zoo, nws yog qhov zoo kom kaw lub qhov rooj qhib rau lub sijhawm ntev dua kom pom ntau lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub teeb. lub koob yees duab zaj duab xis lossis duab sensor. Hloov pauv, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ci ntsa iab xws li kev yees duab kev ua si lossis kev ntes cov ntsiab lus nrawm, nws yuav xav kom lub kaw lus qhib rau lub sijhawm luv luv kom tsuas yog qee feem ntawm vib nas this raug ntes thiab tsis muaj kev txav mus los ntawm cov duab tshwm sim.
Shutter speeds yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv feem ntawm ib tug thib ob uas muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm 1/4000th (los yog siab dua) mus txog ob peb feeb nyob ntawm koj lub koob yees duab qauv lub peev xwm. Lub sij hawm qeeb yog siv thaum koj xav tau ntau lub teeb; ceev ceev yuav khov zog yog li koj tuaj yeem ntes tau nrawm yam tsis muaj qhov muag tsis pom.
Hom Shutters
cov shutter yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub koob yees duab thiab nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tswj cov teeb pom kev uas xav tau los nthuav tawm cov duab nruab nrab. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog digital sensor, zaj duab xis lossis phaj. Lub koob yees duab shutter tswj sai npaum li cas lub teeb raug tso cai hla mus rau qhov nruab nrab imaging thiab kuj ntev npaum li cas nws tso cai nyob ntawd. Cov txheej txheem no yog hu ua "lub sij hawm nphav raug"nyob rau hauv photography terminology. Shutters tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau daim duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab hom tab sis txhua yam muab qee hom ntawm qhov aperture uas lub teeb hla mus rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov duab thaum lub sij hawm raug teeb tsa los ntawm tus kws yees duab.
Ob qhov kev ntsuam xyuas loj litmus rau categorizing shutters yog focal dav hlau (daim ntaub los yog txav) thiab hom kev txav (lever, caij nplooj ntoos hlav lossis hluav taws xob).
- Focal Plane Shutter: Hom shutter no muaj ib khub ntawm cov ntaub nyias nyias uas txav kab rov tav hla lub dav hlau zaj duab xis thaum tshwm sim. Thawj daim ntaub qhib rau lub sijhawm teem, tso cai rau lub teeb rau hauv zaj duab xis / sensor ua ntej hloov los ntawm daim ntaub thib ob uas tom qab ntawd kaw rau nws tus kheej xaus qhov raug.
- Nplooj Shutter: Nplooj shutters me me heev nyob rau hauv lawv tsim thiab muaj cov hniav teem rau hauv qab lub hauv paus pivot hu ua 'Leaves'. Cov hniav no tuaj yeem qhib los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li roj teeb, phau ntawv rub lub nplhaib lossis txawm tias lub cev muaj zog rub tawm uas yuam kom lawv sib nrug thaum tshwm sim yog li tso cai rau lub teeb rau ntawm qhov chaw pom rau lub sijhawm raug teeb tsa los ntawm tus kws yees duab siv cov khoom siv xws li lub nplhaib rub hlua lossis dials. ntawm cov koob yees duab niaj hnub.
- Spring-Driven Shutter: Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-tsav mechanism muaj peb ntu; ib tug ca hlau disc ntawm nws qhov chaw (lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tensioned ncej); ob txhais tes txhawb nqa txuas rau txhua sab; thiab thaum kawg ob daim ntaub thaiv uas dai ntawm cov caj npab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab ib leeg zoo li ob lub rooj vag qhib castles teeb nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua ntug ntawm nws qhov chaw nruab nrab (li no nws lub npe 'tsev fuabtais'). Thaum ua haujlwm, lub hauv paus disc no cua nrawm txaus tsim kom muaj kev sib zog txaus kom ua rau ob lub qhov rooj / rooj vag qhib ib txhij thaum lawv kov ntawm ib leeg ntug ua rau lawv tso tawm ntawm txhua lub voj voog kev sib hloov yog li nthuav tawm tib lub sijhawm uas nws siv rau tib lub voj voog - feem ntau yog los ntawm feem-ntawm-ib-thib ob mus txog rau plaub lub vib nas this nyob ntawm seb qhov nruj npaum li cas tau ntim lawv cov pob zeb diamonds ua ntej - yog li hloov tawm lub teeb pom kev ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau tib lub sij hawm raug pom saum toj no nrog cov txiaj ntsig sib txawv nyob ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub dhau los ntawm qib mastery rau cov kws yees duab tshaj lij lossis cov neeg siv xav tau zoo sib xws sim tawm cov hom vintage shutters pom feem ntau hauv cov koob yees duab thaum ub los ntawm peb tiam dhau los!
Shutter Mechanism
Ib lub koob yees duab shutter yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov qauv, raws li nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj ntev npaum li cas cov duab sensor raug rau lub teeb. Thaum koj nias lub khawm kaw, lub shutter qhib thiab kaw kom lub teeb hla thiab ncav cuag cov duab sensor, uas tsim cov duab kawg. Lub shutter tseem yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov lus tsa suab plooj lossis kev ua kom khov, uas yog vim li cas nws tseem ceeb heev hauv kev yees duab.
Cia peb saib ntawm ntau hom shutter mechanisms thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas:
Pib nrog koj tus kheej nres cov lus tsa suab storyboards
Sau npe yuav mus rau peb tsab ntawv xov xwm thiab tau txais koj dawb download nrog peb storyboards. Pib nrog coj koj cov dab neeg ciaj sia!
Peb tsuas yog siv koj li email chaw nyob rau peb tsab ntawv xov xwm thiab hwm koj tus kheej
Mechanical Shutters
Mechanical shutters tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm hom, los ntawm crude nyob rau hauv lub qub koob yees duab mus rau siab heev tsim tsim tsis ntev los no. Feem ntau muaj muaj nplooj ntoos shutters, focal-plane shutters, rotary-sector shutters, thiab nplhaib-disks.
- Nplooj Shutters - Lub qhov rooj kaw yog tsim los ua ib qho khoom siv sab hauv nrog cov kab hlau sib tshooj uas qhib thiab kaw zoo li cov ntaub thaiv. Cov no feem ntau pom muaj kev tswj cov aperture hauv lo ntsiab muag ntawm classic rangefinder koob yees duab thiab ntau lub koob yees duab nruab nrab. Lawv muab tag nrho-lossis-tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam lub sijhawm tsawg dua 1/1000 feeb., ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov ncauj lus xws li kev yees duab kev ua si lossis kev txhaj tshuaj tsiaj qus, qhov twg lub sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb.
- Focal Plane Shutters - Focal dav hlau shutters tso cai txawm tias ntev tshaj plaws raug ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ceev mus txog 1/10000 feeb., xyuas kom meej qhov raug thaum lub sij hawm yog qhov tseem ceeb vim kev txav hauv qhov chaw. Raws li nws lub npe qhia, hom shutter no nyob tam sim ntawd tom qab zaj duab xis nto (los yog duab sensor) nws tus kheej qhov twg nws qhib thiab kaw nrog ob daim ntaub zawv zawg ib sab - feem ntau hu ua thawj lossis thib ob kab hlau rhuav - nthuav tawm tag nrho cov ncej sib npaug los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab (los yog vice versa).
- Rotary Sector Shutters - Hom kaw no muaj lub disk uas tig dhau los ntawm ob qhov qhib qhov qhib ntawm nws qhov ncig uas txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas qhov kev raug mob yuav kav ntev npaum li cas ua ntej yuav nres rov qab npaj rau lwm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj. Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm no yog tias qhov txheej txheem no muab cov sijhawm pom tau los ntawm lub sijhawm kom nws ua ke yog tias koj tsis yog ib txwm paub tseeb tias lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas koj cov duab xav tau tshaj li qhov tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog koj lub lens aperture hloov kho ib leeg.
- Nplhaib Disk Shutter - Lub Nplhaib Disk Shutter siv cov hlua txuas ntxiv nyob ib ncig ntawm nws qhov ncig zoo ib yam li Rotary Sector tab sis lawv sib tshooj los tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lawv cov thawj coj li no tso cai rau ntau qhov sib xws ntawm cov thav ntawv yog tias thaij duab nrawm lub hom phiaj lossis hloov chaw teeb pom kev zoo sib npaug thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw pom. thoob plaws qhov txhaj tshuaj lub neej yog tias xav tau. Hom no kuj tseem ua rau koj tsis tau muaj ib qho kev npaj txhij txog lossis qhov khoob hauv koj daim duab vim tias ib feem tsis raug kiag li kom txog thaum nws sib tshooj nrog lwm tus thiab!
Electronic Shutters
Hauv cov koob yees duab digital thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, a shutter mechanism yog siv los nthuav tawm thiab kaw lub teeb rau ntawm daim duab sensor. Lub kaw lus hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv tau nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rudimentary lossis ua cov khoom sib dhos nyuaj.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws version ntawm hluav taws xob shutter yog tsim los ntawm ib tug photosensitive transistor tshwm sim los ntawm optical teeb liab. Thaum lub teeb tawm tsam lub transistor, nws hloov mus, cia tam sim no ntws los ntawm tus resistor thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv av. Qhov no tso tawm lub kaw lus thiab lub shutter txav mus rau sab hauv ua ntej tso lub teeb kom ntaus cov duab sensor.
Kev siv cov shutters ntau dua vibrations es tsis txhob qhib thiab kaw: Thaum vibration yog tshwm sim, rods positioned nyob rau hauv ib tug electro-optical sensor tso cai rau lub teeb hla dhau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas kwv yees li ib tug qhib-kaw ib ntus. Cov txheej txheem no yog pheej yig dua li ib txwm siv lub tshuab kaw thiab tso cai rau ntau lub sijhawm raug pom zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov duab zoo.
Lwm lub koob yees duab siab dua siv micro-mechanical Cheebtsam rau kev tswj ntau dua lub sij hawm raug thiab dynamic ntau muaj peev xwm. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, cov tsav tsheb nyuaj tswj cov qib me me uas ua rau cov hniav hauv microseconds, tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas ntau npaum li cas lub teeb yuav cuam tshuam nrog txhua pixel ntawm lub sensor array. Cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem pom hauv qhov txo qis hauv suab nrov lossis qhov muag plooj los ntawm qhov ntev ntev nrog rau kev txhim kho rhiab heev los ntawm cov ceev ceev.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Kev Siv Shutter
Shutter yog ib qho cuab yeej siv hauv cov koob yees duab los tswj lub teeb ntev npaum li cas tso cai rau poob ntawm cov duab sensor. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub koob yees duab digital los ntawm kev ntes cov duab. Shutter ceev feem ntau yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov duab zoo thiab yog lub cuab yeej muaj zog rau cov kws yees duab.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog ntau yam txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv shutter hauv koj lub koob yees duab digital:
Shutter Ceev dua
Shutter ceev yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua daim duab, raws li nws txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas lub koob yees duab shutter tseem qhib kom tso rau hauv lub teeb. Lub shutter ceev ceev tso cai rau cov kws yees duab thaij duab ci ntsa iab hauv lub teeb qis, ua tau zoo khov zog thiab nthuav dav.
Nrog ceev shutter speeds, cov kws yees duab tuaj yeem ntes cov kev txhaj tshuaj thiab khov txav los tsim cov duab zoo nkauj thiab tsis pom qhov muag plooj. Shutter speeds kuj tso cai rau cov kws yees duab muaj tswv yim tswj hwm, tso cai rau cov duab muaj zog thiab ua rau qhov chaw kaw qhov ceev tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej zoo rau kev qhia zaj dab neeg.
Qee qhov xwm txheej uas ceev shutter ceev tau txais txiaj ntsig suav nrog:
- Kev ntes cov kev ua si sab nraum zoov xws li roob tsheb kauj vab, surfing lossis kayaking
- Tsiaj yees duab, tshwj xeeb noog ya ya
- Sim ntes cov tee dej nrog ib qho nthuav txaws
- Kev yees duab txav tsheb tsis muaj kev ua kom pom tseeb, xws li tsheb ntawm kev sib tw khiav
Kev txhaj tshuaj nrawm nrawm yuav tsum muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj qhov kev kawm; yog lawv tsiv thaum daim duab no ces nws yuav tsis pom tseeb vim lawv twb tsis khov rau lub sij hawm thaum daim duab no lawm. Cov neeg ua si hauv kev ua kis las yuav tsum nyob twj ywm kom txog thaum tom qab koj txhaj tshuaj; siv lub shutter ceev ceev yuav xyuas kom meej tias txawm me ntsis txav yuav tsis ua rau koj cov duab puas.
Zoo dua Lub Teeb Tswj
Shutter yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ntau yam nta hauv cov koob yees duab niaj hnub no. Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej uas tswj xyuas ntev npaum li cas lub teeb tawm tsam cov duab sensor thaum thaij duab. Kev siv lub kaw lus txhim kho txhua daim duab qhov kawg tso tawm thiab tseem muab qee qhov tshwj xeeb muaj tswv yim ywj pheej rau cov kws yees duab.
Siv shutter hauv kev yees duab muab kev tswj zoo dua lub teeb thaum thaij duab. Nrog shutter koj tuaj yeem tswj cov chaw xws li kaw hluav taws xob, tus naj npawb ntawm cov duab coj ib ob (thav duab tus nqi) thiab raug qhov ntev kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov muaj teeb pom kev zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm strobes lossis flashes. Shutter ceev, piv txwv li, yog siv los hloov sai npaum li cas los yog maj mam cov zaj duab xis los yog cov sensor raug rau lub teeb. Lub kaw lus qeeb qeeb tso cai rau ntau lub sijhawm rau ambient teeb pom kev zoo qhov chaw kom nthuav tawm cov duab kom zoo, tso cai rau cov duab ntxoov ntxoo sib sib zog nqus thiab pom cov xim zoo nkauj; ceev shutter speeds yuav siv tau nrog tsawg heev muaj teeb yog hais tias flash units tau siv ib txhij.
Ntau yam ntawm lwm cov txiaj ntsig tuaj nrog kev siv lub koob yees duab kaw lub ntsej muag. Cov kws yees duab muaj kev tswj xyuas ntau dua ntawm kev ntes cov khoom txav, tawm hauv qab qhov muag tsis pom kev uas ntxiv kev nkag siab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam lossis kev ua yeeb yam thaum saib cov duab tom qab; lawv kuj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb xws li lub hnub qub lim rau lawv lo ntsiab muag los ntawm kev siv ntev dua uas qhia pom cov hnub qub ntse ntse tiv thaiv lub ntuj ci dua tom qab; lawv tuaj yeem nyob hauv lawv tus kheej txhaj tshuaj yog tias lawv xaiv ua tsaug rau qhov no thiab! Thaum kawg, kev tswj kom zoo dua cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab ntuj tsim (nrog rau kev tswj cov nplaim taws), nrog rau kev ywj pheej muaj tswv yim ntau tsuas yog qee qhov zoo tau txais los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem kaw kom raug rau txhua daim duab thaij.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv Shutter
Shutter yog ib tug mechanism uas tswj lub sij hawm ntawm lub koob yees duab lens 'kev raug rau lub teeb. Cov kaw hluav taws xob txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas daim duab yuav raug nthuav tawm rau, uas ua rau cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim duab. Txawm hais tias shutter tuaj yeem yog txoj hauv kev zoo los tswj qhov raug, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum siv shutter hauv lub koob yees duab. Cia peb saib cov kev tsis zoo no.
suab nrov
Thaum siv lub shutter, ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb yog kaw suab nrov. Lub suab nrov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam yooj yim rau kev sib tham yees duab lossis rhuav tshem txhua qhov kev sim ntawm kev ntes cov duab ncaj ncees. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tua sab hauv tsev nrog flash, lub suab nrov clacking tshwm sim los ntawm kev kaw qeeb qeeb tuaj yeem ua teeb meem thiab cuam tshuam. Qee lub koob yees duab tuaj nrog ib qho hluav taws xob shutter hom uas tshem tawm qhov teeb meem no; Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua lub koob yees duab muaj hom kaw no thiab cov neeg siv tsis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv tab sis siv lawv li niaj zaus mechanical shutters.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txij li feem ntau SLR koob yees duab muaj ib qho iav sab hauv uas flips li thaum lub shutter khawm yog nias, kuj tseem ceeb koob yees duab co uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem qee cov duab yog tias tua qeeb qeeb qeeb. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj lub koob yees duab co hauv lub teeb qis lossis thaum siv lub koob yees duab telephoto, koj yuav tsum tau nqis peev rau hauv lub koob yees duab thiab siv. tej thaj chaw deb ua rau thaum twg ua tau.
Thaum kawg, qee lub tshuab kaw tau yog ntsiag to dua lwm tus thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb no yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj rau cov kws yees duab uas yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm thaum thaij duab thiab yeeb yaj kiab.
nqi
Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm kev siv lub shutter hauv cov koob yees duab yog qhov tus nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev yuav khoom. Lub koob yees duab kaw yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub koob yees duab thiab hloov txoj kev dluab raug ntes los ntawm kev tso cai rau lub teeb hla mus rau thaj chaw uas tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb.
Yog tias lub shutter xav tau hloov, ces nws tuaj yeem ua tau kim raws li zoo raws li tsis yooj yim vim tias feem ntau lub koob yees duab kaw yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm tus qauv tsim thiab qauv ntawm koj lub koob yees duab lens, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb lossis lub nplhaib adapter nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nruab qhov tshiab shutter los ua ke.
xaus
Hauv kev xaus, kev nkag siab lub hauv paus ntawm shutter thiab nws cov khoom tuaj yeem pab koj coj koj cov duab mus rau qib tom ntej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias shutter ceev thiab aperture yuav yog ob qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas tswj kev raug, thiab kaw hluav taws xob yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntes tau.
Kev kho cov teeb tsa no yuav cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ntawm koj cov duab thiab ua lawv hauv kev tsim khoom tom qab tuaj yeem txhim kho koj cov duab ntxiv. Raws li koj tau txais kev xyaum ntau dua hauv kev siv cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm koj lub koob yees duab, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv sim nrog qhov sib txawv shutter speeds thiab apertures txhawm rau nrhiav qhov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua daim duab.
Nyob zoo, Kuv yog Kim, niam thiab ib tus neeg nyiam nres nrog keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv kev tshaj tawm thiab kev txhim kho lub vev xaib. Kuv muaj kev mob siab rau kev kos duab thiab kev ua yeeb yam, thiab tam sim no kuv tab tom dhia taub hau ua ntej mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nres. Nrog rau kuv qhov blog, Kuv tabtom qhia kuv cov kev kawm nrog koj.
