Claymation: Luso Loyiwalika…Kapena Ndilo?
Ndiye mukufuna kuyamba ndi claymation kapena mukungofuna kudziwa kuti claymation ndi chiyani.
Claymation ndi kuphatikiza kwa "dongo" ndi "zojambula" zopangidwa ndi Will Vinton. Ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito dongo, ndi zina pliable zipangizo, kulenga zithunzi ndi otchulidwa. Amasunthidwa pakati pa chimango chilichonse pomwe akujambulidwa kuti apange chinyengo chakuyenda. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyimitsa kujambula.
Pali zambiri zomwe mungachite ndikuziwona ndi claymation, kuyambira masewero mpaka nthabwala mpaka zowopsya, ndipo m'nkhaniyi, ndikuwuzani zonse za izo.
Mu positi iyi tikambirana:
Kodi claymation ndi chiyani
Claymation ndi mtundu wa makanema ojambula oyimitsa pomwe zidutswa zonse zamakanema zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosasunthika, nthawi zambiri dongo. Njira yopangira filimu ya claymation imaphatikizapo kujambula zithunzi zoyenda, pomwe chimango chilichonse chimajambulidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Nkhaniyi imasunthidwa pang'ono pakati pa chimango chilichonse kuti apange chinyengo cha kuyenda.
Claymation ndi yotchuka chifukwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilembo ndi zoikamo. Ndikosavuta kupanga mafilimu a claymation, ndikupangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa opanga mafilimu odziyimira pawokha.
Stop motion animation ndi mtundu wa makanema ojambula omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za zinthu zenizeni kuti apange chinyengo chakuyenda. Pogwiritsa ntchito dongo, zinthuzo zimapangidwa ndi dongo kapena zinthu zina zowuluka.
Choncho njira kumbuyo onse ndi ofanana. Stop motion imangotanthauza gulu lalikulu la makanema ojambula, pomwe claymation imangokhala mtundu wamakanema oyimitsa.
Mitundu ya makanema ojambula padongo
Freeform: Freeform ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga dongo. Ndi njirayi, dongo limasinthidwa kuchoka ku mawonekedwe amodzi kupita ku mawonekedwe atsopano.
Makanema olowa m'malo: Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsera maonekedwe a nkhope ya anthu. Mbali zosiyanasiyana za nkhope zimapangidwira padera ndiyeno zimayikidwanso pamutu kuti ziwonetsere zovuta komanso zofotokozera. M'zopanga zatsopanozi magawo osinthikawa amasindikizidwa a 3D monga mufilimuyi Coraline.
Makanema a Strata-Cut: Makanema odulidwa a Strata ndi zojambulajambula zovuta kupanga dongo. Kwa njirayi, hump ya dongo imadulidwa kukhala mapepala owonda. Hump palokha imakhala ndi zithunzi zosiyanasiyana mkati mwake. Pa makanema ojambula zithunzi mkati zimawululidwa.
Kujambula kwadongo: Kujambula kwadongo kumaphatikizapo kusuntha dongo pansalu yathyathyathya. Ndi njira imeneyi mukhoza kupanga mitundu yonse ya zithunzi. Zili ngati kujambula ndi dongo.
Kuyamba ndi zolemba zanu zoyimitsa nkhani
Lembetsani ku kalata yathu yamakalata ndikutsitsa kwaulere ndi zolemba zitatu. Yambani ndikupangitsa nkhani zanu kukhala zamoyo!
Tidzangogwiritsa ntchito imelo yanu kutsamba lathu ndikulemekeza lanu zachinsinsi
Kusungunuka kwa dongo: Izi ndizofanana ndi kusintha kwa claymation. Dongo limayikidwa pafupi ndi kutentha komwe kumapangitsa kuti dongo lisungunuke, pomwe likujambulidwa pa kamera.
Kusakaniza mu blender
Osati njira kwenikweni koma pulojekiti yomwe ndimakondwera nayo ndi chowonjezera cha Blender "Claymation" popanga makanema ojambula panjira yoyimitsa. Chimodzi mwazinthu ndikuti mutha kupanga dongo kuchokera kuzinthu za Pensulo ya Grease.
Mbiri ya claymation
Claymation ili ndi mbiri yakale komanso yosiyana, kuyambira 1897, pamene dongo lopangidwa ndi mafuta lotchedwa "plasticine" linapangidwa.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyambirira kwa njirayi ndi The Sculptor's Nightmare, chiwonongeko pa chisankho chapurezidenti cha 1908. Mu reel yomaliza ya filimuyi, dongo la dongo lomwe lili pamtunda limakhala lamoyo, likusintha kukhala phokoso la Teddy Roosevelt.
Mofulumira kuzaka za m'ma 1970. Makanema oyamba a dongo adapangidwa ndi opanga makanema ngati Willis O'Brien ndi Ray Harryhausen, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito dongo kupanga makanema ojambula pamakanema awo amoyo. M’zaka za m’ma 1970, kuumba zinthu zadongo kunayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potsatsa malonda pawailesi yakanema ndi m’mavidiyo anyimbo.
Mu 1988, Will Vinton's claymation filimu "The Adventures of Mark Twain" adapambana mphoto ya Academy for Best Animated Short Film. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zinthu zadongo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m’mafilimu, m’mapulogalamu a pa TV, ndiponso m’malonda osiyanasiyana.
Mawu akuti "Claymation" adapangidwa ndi Will Vinton m'ma 1970. Iye amaonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa apainiya a claymation, ndi filimu yake "The Adventures of Mark Twain" imatengedwa ngati tingachipeze powerenga munyimbo.
Kodi munthu woyamba wadongo anali wotani?
Munthu woyamba wa claymation anali cholengedwa chotchedwa Gumby, chomwe chinapangidwa ndi Art Clokey m'ma 1950.
Kodi claymation imapangidwa bwanji
Makanema adongo ndi njira yowonetsera kuyimitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zadongo ndi zithunzi zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwanso mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri dongo losungunuka, monga pulasitiki, limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zilembo.
Dongo likhoza kupangidwa palokha kapena kupangidwa mozungulira mawaya, omwe amadziwika kuti armatures. Dongolo likamalizidwa, amajambula pafelemu ndi furemu ngati chinthu chenicheni, zomwe zimachititsa kuti ziziyenda ngati zamoyo.
Njira yopangira filimu ya claymation
Njira yopangira filimu ya claymation nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kujambula zithunzi zoyenda, pomwe chimango chilichonse chimajambulidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
Opanga mafilimu ayenera kupanga munthu aliyense ndi seti. Ndiyeno kuwasuntha kuti apange chinyengo cha kuyenda.
Zotsatira zake ndi kupanga kwapadera komwe zinthu zikadali zamoyo.
Kupanga claymation
Stop motion ndi njira yolimbikitsira kwambiri yopanga mafilimu. Mafilimu omwe amawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 24 frame rate pa sekondi iliyonse.
Makanema amatha kuwomberedwa pa "awo" kapena "awiri". Kuwombera makanema pa "awo" kwenikweni kuwombera mafelemu 24 pamphindikati. Ndi kuwombera pa "awiri" mumatenga chithunzi pa mafelemu awiri aliwonse, kotero ndi mafelemu 12 pamphindikati.
Mafilimu ambiri amapangidwa pa 24fps kapena 30fps pa "awiri".
Mafilimu otchuka a claymations
Claymation yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafilimu osiyanasiyana, mapulogalamu a pa TV, ndi malonda. Ena mwa mafilimu otchuka kwambiri a claymation ndi awa:
- Zosangalatsa Usanachitike Khrisimasi (1993)
- Kuthamanga kwa nkhuku (2000)
- ParaNorman (2012)
- Wallace ndi Gromit: Temberero la Were-Rabbit (2005)
- Coraline (2009)
- California zoumba (1986)
- Monkeybone (2001)
- Gumby: The Movie (1995)
- Ma Pirates! Mu Zosangalatsa ndi Asayansi! (2012)
Makanema otchuka adongo
Mukaganizira za kupanga dongo, ma studio awiri otchuka amabwera m'maganizo. Laika ndi Aardman Makanema.
Laika adachokera ku Will Vinton Studios, ndipo mu 2005, Will Vinton Studios adasinthidwanso kukhala Laika. Situdiyoyi imadziwika ndi mafilimu monga Coraline, ParaNorman, Missing link ndi The Boxtrols.
Aardman Animations ndi situdiyo ya makanema ojambula ku Britain yomwe imadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyimitsa komanso makanema ojambula padongo. Iwo ali ndi mndandanda waukulu wa mafilimu ndi mndandanda, kuphatikizapo Shaun the Nkhosa, Chicken Run, ndi Wallace ndi Grommit.
Makanema otchuka adongo
- Art Clokey amadziwika bwino pa Gumby Show (1957) ndi Gumby: The Movie (1995)
- Joan Carol Gratz amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kanema wake wachidule wa Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase.
- Peter Lord wopanga komanso woyambitsa nawo Aardman Animations, wodziwika bwino Wallace ndi Gromit.
- Garri Bardin, wodziwika bwino ndi zojambula za Fioritures (1988)
- Nick Park, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi Wallace ndi Gromit, Shaun the Sheep, ndi Chicken Run
- Will Vinton, wodziwika bwino ndi Lolemba Lotsekedwa (1974), Kubwerera ku Oz (1985)
Tsogolo la claymation
Claymation ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya makanema ojambula yomwe yakhalapo kwazaka zopitilira zana. Ngakhale kuti layambanso kutchuka m’zaka zaposachedwapa, pali anthu ena amene amakhulupirira kuti kuumba dongo kungakhale pafupi kutha.
Imodzi mwamavuto akulu omwe akukumana nawo ndi claymation ndikuchulukirachulukira kwa makanema ojambula opangidwa ndi makompyuta. Claymation ikuyang'anizana ndi nkhondo yokwera popikisana ndi makanema ojambula pa CGI. Kuonjezera apo, njira yopangira filimu ya claymation nthawi zambiri imakhala yochepa komanso yogwira ntchito, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupikisana ndi mafilimu othamanga kwambiri a CGI.
Komabe, pali ena amene amakhulupirira kuti dongo likadali ndi malo m’dziko la makanema ojambula pamanja. Claymation ndi sing'anga yapadera komanso yosunthika yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zilembo ndi makonda mwanjira yapadera.
Mawu omaliza
Claymation ndi njira yapadera komanso yosangalatsa yojambula yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga nkhani ndi otchulidwa osangalatsa. Ngakhale kuti zingatenge nthawi kuti luso loumba dongo likhale labwino kwambiri, chomalizacho chingakhale choyenera kuchita khama. Mawu a Clay angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza nkhani m'njira imene sing'anga ina iliyonse ingathe, ndipo ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa ana ndi akuluakulu.
Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.
