Wotsogolera Kanema: Amatani?

pa kim Zasinthidwa: June 25, 2022

Movie Oyang'anira ndi imodzi mwamaudindo ofunikira kwambiri pamasewera Mafakitale. Kuyambira pakupanga nkhani mpaka kupanga chomaliza, wotsogolera amatha kuumba nkhaniyo ndikuipangitsa kukhala yamoyo pazenera lalikulu. Iwo ali ndi udindo kujambula, kuwombera, ndi kupanga pambuyo pa kupanga filimu, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zikusonkhanitsidwa pamodzi kuti apange chidwi komanso chosangalatsa polojekiti.

M'nkhaniyi, tiwona udindo wa wotsogolera mafilimu, ndi zina mwazosiyana zomwe amakwaniritsa popanga mafilimu:

Tanthauzo la Wotsogolera Mafilimu

Wotsogolera kanema ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga filimu. Akatswiriwa ali ndi udindo wozindikira masomphenya aluso a script, kuyang'anira mbali zonse za kupanga mafilimu kuchokera ku pre-production kupyolera mu post-production.

Otsogolera makanema amawongolera bwino chilichonse chopangidwa kuti ajambule ndikusintha kamvekedwe kake, mawonekedwe, ndi nthano zamakanema awo. Otsogolera mafilimu ali ndi diso lamphamvu laluso ndipo amamvetsetsa momwe angalankhulire nkhani za nkhani mosamala pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha, kapangidwe kake, ma angles a kamera, ndi nyimbo. Amakhalanso ndi luso lapadera la utsogoleri kuti alimbikitse ochita zisudzo ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kuti apange filimu yopambana.

Ntchitoyi imafuna kuti otsogolera aziwunika nthawi zonse malingaliro atsopano pazochitika zauzimu ndi kuthetsa mavuto omwe ali ndi zovuta zamakono kapena zochitika zosayembekezereka. Kuchokera kusankha zosankha ku foni, otsogolera amayembekezeredwa osati kungowongolera komanso osewera osewera momwe ayenera kuperekera mizere yawo kapena kusuntha ponseponse kuti akwaniritse zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndi nkhaniyo.

Ponseponse, owongolera makanema nthawi imodzi amayenera kumvera chisoni komanso kukhalabe ndi malingaliro akakumana ndi vuto lililonse lomwe lingasinthe kukhala cholepheretsa kupeza zotsatira zomwe zimafunidwa ndi olemba (ma scriptwriters), opanga (opanga) kapena osunga ndalama omwe amaika ndalama pakupanga. . Mwanjira iyi, kuwongolera makanema kumaphatikiza luso komanso luso la kasamalidwe monga kupereka zotsatira zomwe mukufuna kumaphatikizanso:

• kuyang'anira malingaliro a bajeti
• kutsatira zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha mapangano amgwirizano nthawi zina zimakonzeratu kuti ayambe kujambula yekha.

Pre-Kupanga

Monga wotsogolera mafilimu, kupanga chisanadze ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mafilimu. Apa ndi pamene wotsogolera ayenera kukulitsa nkhaniyo ndi script kwa filimuyo. Wotsogolera akuyeneranso kuyang'ana malo omwe angatheke ndi maudindo, kugwirizanitsa masewera ndi masewera, ndikukonzekera zofunikira, zovala, ndi zotsatira zapadera. Ntchito yopangira chisanadze ndi yofunika kuti mupange filimu yopambana.

Kulemba Script

Kulemba script ya kanema ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera kupanga. Otsogolera mafilimu nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi gulu lawo lolemba kuti apange nkhani ya filimu yawo. Ngakhale wotsogolera ali ndi ulamuliro pa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zomaliza, zolemba zoyamba za script nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi kukambirana pakati pa iye ndi wina yemwe ali ndi udindo wopanga ndi kupanga malingaliro, monga wolemba.

Wotsogolera ndi gulu lake ayenera kudziwa zambiri mayendedwe amtundu, kapangidwe ka nkhani, kakulidwe ka anthu, kukambirana ndi nkhani zazing'ono kotero amatha kupanga nkhani yogwira mtima yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse. Kukonzekera koyambirira kwa script nthawi zambiri kumadutsa kusinthidwa kangapo ndikulembanso isanakwane kukonzekera kuwombera.

Akamaliza, sitepe yotsatira imadalira mtundu wa filimu yomwe ikupangidwa. Kwa makanema apawailesi yakanema kapena makanema opangidwa magawo awiri kapena kupitilira apo (monga makanema ochitapo kanthu), a kuwombera script imalembedwa yomwe imaphwanya zochitika pokhazikitsa, ochita masewera omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zofunikira pazochitika zilizonse-mtundu uwu wa script uyeneranso kufotokoza momveka bwino. ma angles a kamera kuti kupanga kukhale kosavuta. Kwa makanema ojambulidwa kamodzi (monga makanema apakanema), ndi script yosasinthika Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophimba mikwingwirima yotakata koma amasiya mpata wokonzanso ngati kuli kofunikira.

Kuponya Osewera

Kuyimba ochita sewero la kanema kapena kanema wawayilesi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera kupanga. Director, Producer, Casting Director ndi nthawi zina Wothandizira Wovomerezeka amachita ntchito yosankha ochita nawo projekitiyo. Popanga zopanga, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti ochita zisudzo amakwaniritsa zofunikira zina; chofunika kwambiri, ayenera kugwirizana ndi mbali imene akuchita mwakuthupi ndi m’maganizo. Kuphatikiza apo, ayenera kukhala ndi luso lochita zinthu lomwe limakwaniritsa miyezo yamakampani ndikukhala okonzeka kugwira ntchito molingana ndi zovuta zilizonse.

Kapangidwe kake kamayamba ndi kafukufuku pomwe ochita sewero amawerenga mizere kuchokera palemba mokweza. Izi zimathandiza otsogolera kuti adziwe momwe wosewera aliyense angagwirizane ndi polojekiti yawo. Kutengera ndi kukula kwa zomwe zapanga, zoyeserera zitha kuchitika panokha kapena patali kudzera pavidiyo kapena foni. Ma auditions oyambilirawa akachitika, opanga amatha kuyitanira ochita zina kuti abwerere ma callback sessions komwe angawerenge mizere ndi osewera ena ndikuphunzira zambiri za zisankho zawo pa gawo lililonse.

Panthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kuganiziranso zofunikira zilizonse zamalamulo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kulemba ntchito akatswiri monga:

• Kulemba mapangano aliwonse ofunikira
• Kutsimikizira zilolezo zogwirira ntchito ngati pakufunika (zojambula kunja kwa dziko)

Poonetsetsa kuti njira zonse zofunika pa ndondomekoyi zakhala zisanachitike kuwombera kungachepetse zovuta zilizonse zomwe zingachedwetse kapena kusokoneza polojekiti pamene zisankho ziyenera kupangidwa mwamsanga panthawi yojambula kapena kusintha.

Kusankha Gulu

Gulu lonse lopanga lili ndi maudindo angapo, kuphatikiza opanga ndi owongolera, komanso mamembala ambiri othandizira, monga ochita zisudzo ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Monga wotsogolera makanema, ndi udindo wanu kuyang'anira ntchito yonse yopangira makanema ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino.

Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha kaye gulu ndi gulu la polojekiti yanu. Posankha gulu la projekiti yanu ya kanema, muyenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo kuphatikiza:

• zinachitikira m'makampani opanga mafilimu;
• Maluso ofunidwa ndi kuyenera kwa ntchitoyo;
• Kapezekedwe;
• Kukhoza kugwira ntchito limodzi;
• Chemistry ndi mamembala ena a gulu;
• zilandiridwenso; ndi
• Chofunika kwambiri, bajeti.

Pokhala ndi zosintha zambiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha gulu lanu lopanga, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi njira yabwino yosankha yomwe imakulolani kupanga chisankho mwanzeru.

Mukasankha ochita nawo ntchitoyo, ndikofunikira kuti kulumikizana kukhalebe nthawi yonse yokonzekera, masiku owombera komanso pambuyo popanga. Monga wotsogolera polojekitiyi muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense akumvetsetsa ntchito yomwe ali nayo - kuwonetsetsa kuti aliyense akukhalabe pa nthawi yake pamene akupereka chitsogozo cha kulenga pakufunika. Zingakhalenso zopindulitsa kulimbikitsa kukambirana momasuka pakati pa mamembala a gulu kuti athe kuthetsa mavuto mu nthawi yake.

kupanga

Ntchito ya wotsogolera mafilimu ndikutenga script, kubweretsa moyo ndikuwongolera ochita zisudzo ndi ogwira nawo ntchito panthawi yopanga. Otsogolera ali ndi udindo wosankha mwaluso pakupanga, kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kusimba nkhani mpaka kusintha ndi zina zambiri. Amayang'anira kupanga pomasulira script, kupanga kuwombera ndi kusintha ndikuyang'anira ogwira ntchito zaluso ndi ochita zisudzo. Kuphatikiza apo, akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti filimuyo ikugwirizana ndi bajeti ya gulu lopanga komanso studio komanso nthawi yake.

Tiyeni tiwone maudindo osiyanasiyana a wotsogolera mafilimu pakupanga:

Kuwongolera Osewera

The wotsogolera ndi amene amaika masomphenya a kanemayo, ndipo udindo wawo waukulu ndi kutsogolera ochita masewerowo posonyeza anthu amene akusewera. Wotsogolera nthawi zambiri amawauza zomwe akuyenera kumverera, kunena ndi kuchita - izi zimalola ochita sewero kutanthauzira momwe akuwongolera ndikukulitsa sewero lathunthu. Wotsogolera amatenga maudindo ambiri: mlangizi, mphunzitsi komanso wothetsa mavuto. Ayenera kukhala omasuka kugwira ntchito ndi ochita zisudzo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akupereka zolimbikitsira pomwe akuyang'ana kwambiri kuti achite bwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa osewera awo onse.

Otsogolera amayang'aniranso nthawi yonse yopanga, kuyambira kuyimba koyambira mpaka kubwereza mpaka makonda a kamera ndi kupanga kuwala. Izi zimawonetsetsa kuti zinthu zonse zimagwira ntchito limodzi kuti zitulutse zisudzo zabwino kwambiri kuchokera kwa osewera. Kuphatikiza apo, owongolera asintha kutsekereza kwazithunzi kutengera momwe otchulidwa amalumikizirana ndi zilembo zina kapena malo pagawo lomwe laperekedwa kuti liwonekere. Chilichonse chimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pa momwe chiwonetsero chilichonse chimagwirira ntchito, kotero zili kwa owongolera kuti awone zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchito pazonse.

Kupanga Zojambula

Mapulani oyambilira a kanema akapangidwa, wotsogolera ayamba kukhazikitsa kuwombera. Kuwombera ndi mawonekedwe amunthu omwe amalembedwa ngati gawo la mndandanda. Wotsogolera adzasankha za kukula, ngodya, ndi kayendedwe ka kuwombera kulikonse komanso momwe kuyenera kupangidwira ndi zomwe ziyenera kuonekera mmenemo. Auzanso wojambula kanema kapena wogwiritsa ntchito kamera komwe angayike kamera yawo pakuwombera kulikonse.

Wotsogolera adzajambula choreograph chilichonse kuti pakhale kusintha kosalala pakati pa kuwombera. Sadzangoyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika posachedwa koma amaganizira momwe kuwombera kulikonse kumayenderana ndi malo ake. Kulemba mwaluso kumeneku kumakulitsa kwambiri zotsatira zopangidwa ndi ngodya zosiyanasiyana ndi mayendedwe ponseponse.

Wotsogolera azikonzekera kwambiri asanayambe kujambula ndiyeno ayang'anire mwachidwi pamene ikupita kuonetsetsa kuti kujambula kulikonse kukuchitika ndendende monga momwe anakonzera. Kusuntha kulikonse, kumveka, kupuma ndi kusintha kwamayendedwe kuyenera kulumikizidwa mosamala kuti pakhale kumverera kwina mwa owonera akamawonera kunyumba pambuyo pake. Chotsatira chomaliza chomwe mukufuna ndi a ntchito zaluso ikunena nkhani yosaiŵalika!

Kugwira ntchito ndi Crew

Pamene wotsogolera akugwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito, ndi bwino kuti adziwe zomwe ntchito iliyonse ili nayo komanso momwe angalankhulire bwino ndi dipatimenti iliyonse. Wotsogolera ayambe ndikumvetsetsa momwe gulu lopanga zinthu limagwirira ntchito limodzi komanso udindo womwe aliyense ali nawo. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo zikuluzikulu za seti ya kanema ndi:

• Chojambula Chojambula - Udindo wopanga dziko lowoneka bwino la filimuyo ndikugwirizanitsa zojambulajambula, ma seti, malo, ndi kavalidwe kokhazikika.
• Nkhani - Udindo wokonzekera ma angles a kamera, mayendedwe, kusankha magalasi, kapangidwe kake
• Kusintha - Udindo wophatikiza kuwombera motsatizana komwe kumapereka nkhani ndi mitu ya kanemayo
• Nyimbo & Sound Design - Udindo wopeza kapena kupanga nyimbo zoyenera kuti zizitsagana ndi zochitika zina komanso kupanga zomveka
• Costuming & Makeup - Woyang'anira kupanga zovala ndi zodzikongoletsera zomwe zimagwirizana ndi cholinga chamunthu pachiwonetsero chilichonse.

Wotsogolera akuyeneranso kudziwa za maudindo onsewa komanso kufunikira kwawo kuphatikiza magawo onse kukhala ogwirizana. Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kuti otsogolera akhazikitse malo omwe amalimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa maphunziro - pamene ochita masewerawa ali ndi chithandizo kuchokera m'madipatimenti onse amatha kubweretsa moyo kwa omwe ali nawo.

Kutulutsa Pambuyo

Kupanga pambuyo ndi gawo lomaliza la ntchito ya wotsogolera kanema. Zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomvera ndi zowoneka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mufilimu kuti apange chomaliza. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusintha kanema, kuwonjezera zotsatira zapadera, kupanga nyimbo ndi zomveka, ndipo pamapeto pake kupanga kudula komaliza. Monga wotsogolera mafilimu, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa mbali zonse za kupanga pambuyo popanga filimu yopambana komanso yopangidwa bwino.

Kusintha Mafilimu

Kujambula filimuyo ikatha ndipo ochita nawo filimuyo atakulungidwa, mkonzi wa filimuyo amabweretsedwa kuti asonkhanitse filimuyo mu dongosolo lomwe amayenera kukhalira, monga momwe wotsogolerayo adanenera. Apa ndi pamene amayamba kusonkhanitsa filimuyo m’lingaliro lenileni, mwa kuphatikizira pamodzi kuwombera kulikonse komwe kumajambulidwa pamalo kapena kuikidwa kuti ipite patsogolo m’njira yomveka bwino. Amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera osintha pa kukonza dongosolo kudula, kuphatikiza ndi kukonza masinthidwe/madula awa momwe mungafunire.

Mkonzi nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi wotsogolera panthawiyi. Kutengera makonzedwe awo, mkonzi angakhalenso wolandiridwa kupereka malingaliro opanga za momwe mungasinthire zochitika kapena kuthandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha zolakwika zopitilira muyeso. Ngati chimodzi mwazosintha zawo sichikuyenda momwe amayembekezera ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi wobwereranso muzosintha zawo ndikuyesa zinthu zina mpaka china chake chiwakhutitse onse awiri.

Mukamaliza kukonza, akonzi perekani nthawi yawo yochepetsera mufayilo imodzi yokha yomwe imaperekedwa kuti ikagwire ntchito pambuyo popanga monga kuyika mitundu, kusakaniza mawu / kusintha ndi zina musanaperekedwe komaliza.

Kuonjezera Zotsatira Zapadera

Kupanga zotsatira zapadera za polojekiti ya filimu ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafilimu. Zotsatira zapadera (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti SFX) ndi zinthu zopangidwa mongoyerekeza zomwe zimawonjezedwa pazithunzi zongochitika zokha zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga chinyengo chokhutiritsa cha zenizeni. Njira zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri za SFX zimaphatikizapo makanema ojambula, makompyuta, Kutengera kwa 3D ndi kupanga.

Makanema amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazowoneka zosiyanasiyana, monga kupanga zolengedwa zenizeni kapena makanema ojambula pamanja potengera masamu. Makanema amatha kujambula pamanja kapena kupangidwa mwa digito pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apulogalamu monga Autodesk Maya ndi Adobe pambuyo zotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wojambula zoyenda umalola opanga makanema kujambula mayendedwe a zisudzo zenizeni zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zofotokozera za anthu owoneka bwino pachiwonetsero.

Zithunzi zamakompyuta (CG) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo owoneka bwino mufilimu kapena masewera. Makanema a CG amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu monga Autodesk Maya ndi Onani Zopanda malire kupanga malo enieni omwe amawoneka ngati malo enieni amoyo. Madera a CG awa amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwombera pompopompo kuchokera ku kanema wa kanema kuti apange chidziwitso chopanda msoko mukamawonera zomwe zamalizidwa.

Kupanga ndi njira yophatikizira zithunzi zakumbuyo ndi zinthu zakutsogolo zojambulidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana kapena ndi makamera osiyanasiyana. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyika zida zapadera pazithunzi zomwe zikuchitika, kapena powonjezera zinthu za CG pazithunzi zokhala ndi zisudzo zenizeni ndi malo. Mapulogalamu ophatikizika otchuka akuphatikizapo Adobe pambuyo zotsatira ndi Studio ya Nukex by Malingaliro a kampani Foundry Solutions Ltd., zonse zomwe zimapatsa opanga makanema zida zomwe amafunikira kuti azitha kusintha magawo angapo azithunzi ndikupeza zotsatira zodabwitsa!

Kumaliza Soundtrack

Kujambulira kukatha ndipo zojambulazo zasinthidwa ndikukonzedwa kuti zitha kumaliza, chotsatira ndikuwonjezera nyimbo ndi mawu. Izi zimayamba ndi wotsogolera kanema yemwe amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi wopeka wolembedwa ntchito ndi gulu lawo lopanga kuti apange filimuyo. Nyimbo zoimbidwa ndi mawu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa kuti pakhale chisangalalo pomwe zokambirana, zochitika, zochitika zothamangitsa kapena nthabwala zimatha kuchitika. Wotsogolera azigwira ntchito limodzi ndi woyimba ndi nyimbo (ndipo nthawi zambiri motsatira) kuti asankhe nyimbo zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito mufilimuyi. Okonza nyimbo ali ndi udindo wodula zomvetsera kuti zigwirizane bwino popanda kusokoneza, kupanga masinthidwe pakati pa nyimbo ndi kusanja zigawo zingapo za mawu - zonse uku ndikugogomezera zomwe zikuchitika. yotchinga.

Ngati chigoli choyambirira sichikupezeka kapena kufunikira (monga momwe zimakhalira m'mawonekedwe), otsogolera amatha kusankha nyimbo zovomerezeka kuti ziwongolere zochitika zina kapena kulimbitsa zina. Izi zitha kusankhidwa mwanzeru kuchokera ku nyimbo zomwe zidalipo kale monga nyimbo zakale za pop, rock ballads kapena zidutswa zapamwamba zomwe zimagwirizana mwachibadwa ndi kugwirizana kwa chochitika chilichonse popanda kuzigonjetsa. Pankhaniyi, wotsogolera atha kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi omwe ali ndi ufulu kapena mabungwe omwe amapereka zilolezo kuti apeze chilolezo chovomerezeka kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafilimu awo - chindapusa cha kuphwanya copyright chingakhale chokwera mtengo!

Olemba ndi/kapena okonza nyimbo angathenso kuwonjezera foley (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 'zomveka') monga momwe zimafunikira m'makanema osiyanasiyana m'mafilimu - kuyambira pamapazi pamtunda wamiyala pambuyo pa kuthamangitsa kwamdima kapena zowombera moto pazikondwerero zokonda dziko; izi zolekanitsa zomveka bwino zimathandizira kupereka moyo ndi zenizeni ku zochitika zomwe ziyenera kuwoneka zenizeni pamakanema apakanema padziko lonse lapansi!

Kutsiliza

Pomaliza, kutsogolera kanema ndi luso lazojambula lomwe lapangidwa m’kupita kwa nthawi ndipo tsopano likuonedwa kuti ndi limodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga mafilimu. Wotsogolera mafilimu ali ndi udindo wokhala ndi masomphenya a momwe filimuyo iyenera kukhalira ndikufotokozera masomphenyawo kwa ochita zisudzo ndi ma dipatimenti ena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kupanga filimuyo. Otsogolera mafilimu amakhala ndi udindo wophatikiza zidutswa zonse kukhala chinthu chomaliza chomwe chingathe kufotokoza nkhani ndikupereka uthenga.

Amapanganso zisankho za ma angle a kamera, kuyatsa, kapangidwe ka mawu, kusintha, ndi zina. Mwakutero, pamafunika luso komanso luso kuti munthu akhale wopambana ngati wowongolera makanema.

Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.