Kuponderezana Kopanda Kutayika: Ndi Chiyani Ndi Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito

pa kim Zasinthidwa: June 28, 2022

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi lingaliro lofunika kwambiri pankhani ya digito. Zimatanthawuza njira yomwe deta imakanizidwa popanda kutaya kulikonse kwa deta. Kuponderezana kopanda kutaya ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kukula kwa fayilo ya media yanu ya digito popanda kupereka mtundu.

M’nkhaniyi tikambirana

• kupsinjika kopanda kutaya ndi chiyani,
• momwe zimagwirira ntchitondipo
• momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kuti mupindule.

Tiyeni tiyambe!

Tanthauzo la Kuponderezana Kosataya

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi mtundu wa kuphatikizika kwa data komwe kumasunga zonse zoyambira panthawi ya encoding ndi decoding, kotero kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndendende ndi fayilo yoyambirira kapena data. Zimagwira ntchito popeza mapangidwe muzolemba ndikuzisunga bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati fayilo ili ndi mawu obwereza 5, m'malo mosunga mawu 5 obwerezabwereza osataya amasunga nthawi imodzi yokha ya liwulo, kuphatikiza pomwe ingapeze zambiri zamagwiritsidwe ake mufayiloyo.

Mosiyana kupsinjika kwamphamvu (yomwe imataya zambiri mwakufuna kuchepetsa kukula kwake) Kupanikizika Kosatha amakulolani kusunga kusamvana kwazithunzi, kumveka bwino kwamalemba ndi kukhulupirika kwa fayilo ndi palibe kutaya kwa khalidwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwa mapulogalamu omwe chidziwitso china chili chofunikira ndipo sichingaperekedwe pofuna kuchepetsa kukula. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pakuponderezana kosataya ndizo:

• Kukanikiza mafayilo anyimbo (kotero mtundu wamawu uyenera kukhalabe)
• Kuphatikizira zithunzi zachipatala (popeza zing'onozing'ono zitha kukhala zofunikira kuti muzindikire)
• Compressing source code of software application
• Kusunga zikalata zosungira nthawi yayitali.

Zitsanzo za ma compressor omwe angagwiritse ntchito mtundu uwu wa algorithm ndi ZIP ndi mafayilo a PNG komanso mawonekedwe ena azithunzi monga TIFF ndi GIF.

Ubwino wa Kuponderezana Kosatayika

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi luso kuti compresses deta mu kukula ang'onoang'ono popanda kutaya mu khalidwe. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu omwe amazindikiritsa zingwe zochepera kapena zobwerezabwereza, ndiyeno m'malo mwake ndi zilembo zazifupi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kungathandize kuchepetsa kukula kwa deta kwambiri, nthawi zambiri theka kapena kuposa, kupangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kusunga ndi kutumiza zidziwitso zambiri moyenera.

Kupatula kupulumutsa malo osungira, palinso maubwino ena angapo ogwiritsira ntchito kuponderezana kosataya. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Zotsatira Zowonjezereka: Kuponderezana kopanda kutaya kumatha kupititsa patsogolo liwiro lomwe mafayilo amasamutsidwa pomwe ali ang'onoang'ono ndikutenga bandwidth yocheperako potumiza kapena kutsitsa.
• Kukhulupirika kwa Deta: Chifukwa palibe deta yomwe imatayika mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuponderezana kosataya, chidziwitso chilichonse chosungidwa chikhalabe chokhazikika pakuwonongeka.
• ngakhale: Mafayilo oponderezedwa amatha kutsegulidwa ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha ma algorithms ake okhazikika.
• Kuchepetsa Nthawi Yokonza: Kuchepetsa kukula kwa fayilo kumafulumizitsa njira monga kusindikiza, kusamutsa ndi kusintha monga mafayilo ang'onoang'ono amafuna mphamvu zochepa zamakompyuta.

Mitundu Yopanda Kuponderezedwa

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupanikizana kosataya njira zimene amakulolani compress deta popanda kutaya zambiri. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya kuponderezana kosataya ndi ZIP, Gzip, ndi LZW. Zitatuzi, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina yosiyanasiyana, zonse zili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake.

M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zopanikizira zosatayika komanso momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito:

• ZIPu
• gzip
• LZW

Thamangani Length Encoding

Thamangani Length Encoding (RLE) ndi data compression algorithm yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukula kwa fayilo popanda kutaya deta. Zimagwira ntchito posanthula deta, kufunafuna zilembo zotsatizana kenako ndikuzikanikiza kukhala mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, ofupikitsidwa kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa mafayilo kukhala osavuta kusunga ndi kusamutsa. Panthawi ya decompression process, deta yoyambirira imatha kumangidwanso kwathunthu.

Run Length Encoding imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanikiza zithunzi za digito chifukwa imachepetsa kuchepa kwa chidziwitso pazinthu monga. machitidwe obwerezabwereza, kuthamanga kwa pixelisi kapena madera akuluakulu odzazidwa ndi mtundu umodzi. Zolemba zolembedwa ndizoyeneranso kuphatikizika kwa RLE chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mawu obwerezabwereza.

Run Length Encoding imatengera mwayi kuti zitsanzo zambiri zotsatizana mkati mwa mafayilo amawu zili nazo mfundo zofanana kuti muchepetse kukula kwake koma kukhalabe ndi khalidwe lawo loyambirira pa decompression. Izi zingayambitse kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa fayilo - kawirikawiri 50% kapena zambiri - ndi zotayika zochepa kwambiri potengera mtundu wa audio ndi magwiridwe antchito.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kabisidwe ka RLE, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ngakhale zitha kuchepetsa kukula kwa mafayilo okhudzana ndi mafayilo amawu kapena zithunzi, sizingakhale zopindulitsa pamitundu yamafayilo omwe sakhala ofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha momwe amapangidwira mwachizolowezi. . Chifukwa chake kuyesa kwina kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulogalamu kungakhale kofunikira musanapange chisankho chomaliza ngati mtundu uwu wa ukadaulo wophatikizira ndi woyenera pa zosowa zanu.

Kulemba kwa Huffman

Kulemba kwa Huffman ndi chosinthika, chosatayika deta psinjika algorithm. Algorithm iyi imagwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo za data, kapena zilembo, komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika mufayilo kuti apange khodi yoyenera. Khodi iyi imakhala ndi zilembo zazifupi zomwe zimayimira zilembo zochulukirachulukira komanso mawu ataliatali omwe amayimira osowa. Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro izi, Huffman Coding ikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa fayilo popanda zotsatira zochepa pa kukhulupirika kwake kwa deta.

Huffman Coding imagwira ntchito m'magawo awiri: kupanga ma code angapo apadera ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kupondaponda mtsinje wa data. Zizindikiro za zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera kumafayilo osiyanasiyana amtundu wa zilembo komanso kuchokera ku chidziwitso chopezedwa poyang'ana ma frequency omwe zilembo zosiyanasiyana zimachitika mmenemo. Nthawi zambiri, Huffman Coding imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kuposa ma algorithms ena osatayika akagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitsinje ya data yomwe ili ndi zizindikilo zomwe mwayi wosafanana wa zochitika - mwachitsanzo, kuwonetsa chikalata chomwe zilembo zina (ngati "e") zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa ena (ngati "z").

Ma Arithmetic Coding

Mtundu umodzi wa kupanikizana kopanda kutaya komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kumatchedwa Ma Arithmetic Coding. Njirayi imapezerapo mwayi pa mfundo yakuti mtsinje wa deta ukhoza kukhala ndi zigawo zosafunikira zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito malo, koma zomwe sizimapereka chidziwitso chenichenicho. Imapanikiza deta pochotsa magawo ofunikirawa ndikusunga zomwe zidali kale.

Kuti timvetsetse momwe Arithmetic Coding imagwirira ntchito, tiyeni tiganizire chitsanzo chochokera palemba. Tiyerekeze kuti pali zilembo zinayi mumayendedwe athu a data - A, B, C, ndi D. Ngati deta ikasiyidwa yosakanizidwa, munthu aliyense angatenge ma bits asanu ndi atatu pa ma bits 32 pamtsinje wonsewo. Ndi Arithmetic Coding, komabe, zobwerezabwereza monga A ndi B ikhoza kuyimiridwa ndi ma bits osachepera asanu ndi atatu iliyonse.

Muchitsanzo ichi tigwiritsa ntchito midadada ya-bit-bit kuyimira munthu aliyense kutanthauza kuti zilembo zonse zinayi zitha kupakidwa mu block imodzi ya 16-bit. Encoder imayang'ana mayendedwe a data ndikupereka kuthekera kwa munthu aliyense kutengera kuthekera kwawo kowonekera motsatizana zingwe kuti asunge malo ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kopitilira apo atsitsidwa kumapeto kwina. Pakupanikizana, zilembo zokhazo zomwe zili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu zimatenga pang'ono pomwe zocheperako kapena zowoneka pang'ono zimafunikira ma bits ochulukirapo pa chipika chilichonse koma amakhalabe omangidwa mkati mwa chipika chimodzi cha 16-bit ngati asanasungire ma byte angapo pamtsinje wonsewo. poyerekeza ndi mtundu wake wosakanizidwa.

Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Kuponderezana Kosatayika

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi njira ya encoding ndi compressing deta popanda kutaya chidziwitso. Njira yophatikizirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukula kwa zithunzi za digito, mafayilo amawu, ndi makanema. Kuponderezana kopanda kutaya kumathandizira kuti deta isungidwe pang'onopang'ono ya kukula kwake koyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale fayilo yaying'ono kwambiri.

Kotero, tiyeni tilowe mwatsatanetsatane ndi kufufuza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kuponderezana kosataya:

Fomu Zopanga

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi mtundu wa kuponderezana kwa data komwe kumachepetsa kukula kwa fayilo popanda kupereka nsembe iliyonse yomwe ili mkati mwa fayilo yoyambirira. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala njira yabwino yopondereza mafayilo akulu monga zithunzi za digito, mafayilo amawu, ndi makanema. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito kuponderezana kwamtunduwu, muyenera kumvetsetsa mitundu ya mafayilo omwe amathandizidwa ndi ma compressor opanda kutaya komanso momwe mungawakhazikitsire bwino kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.

Pamene compressing wapamwamba kwa lossless zolinga, muli angapo options wapamwamba akamagwiritsa. Ambiri mwina, inu kusankha pakati JPEGs ndi PNGs popeza onsewa amapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndi makulidwe abwino a fayilo. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafomu ngati GIF kapena TIFF ngati mapulogalamu anu amawathandiza. Palinso ena enieni wothinikizidwa akamagwiritsa opangidwa makamaka audio kapena kanema. Izi zikuphatikizapo FLAC (zomvera zopanda kutaya), AVI (kanema wopanda kutaya), ndi mtundu wa QuickTime wa Apple Lossless (ALAC).

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale mafomuwa amapereka kuponderezana kwabwinoko kusiyana ndi anzawo omwe sali othinikizidwa, amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri kugwira nawo ntchito chifukwa cha chithandizo chawo chochepa mu mapulogalamu ena ndi mapulogalamu a mapulogalamu. Kutengera kukhazikitsidwa kwanu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafomu osakanizidwa zitha kukhala zosavuta pakapita nthawi ngakhale zitatenga malo ambiri a disk.

Compression Zida

Pali zida zosiyanasiyana zoponderezera zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zichepetse kukula kwa mafayilo a data ndikusunga umphumphu wa deta yoyambirira. Zida izi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu kuti zizindikire zomwe zili zosafunika ndikuzitaya pafayilo popanda kutaya chidziwitso chilichonse.

Kuponderezana kosataya kumakhala kothandiza makamaka pazithunzi, kapena zojambulidwa ndi makanema. Zida monga ZIP, RAR, Stuffit X, GZIP ndi ARJ Imathandizira magawo osiyanasiyana ophatikizika osatayika amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafayilo kuphatikiza ma PDF ndi ophatikizika (EXE). Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu compress fano ndi imodzi mwa akamagwiritsa awa pa Kukhazikitsa kochepetsa kukula kwakukulu, mutha kutsegula ndikuwona chithunzicho popanda kutaya zambiri kapena mtundu uliwonse.

Ma algorithm ogwiritsidwa ntchito akhudza kukula kwa fayilo komwe kungapezeke komanso nthawi yomwe imafunika kukonza ndikufinya fayilo. Izi zimatha kuyambira mphindi mpaka maola angapo kutengera momwe chida chomwe mwasankha chilili chovuta kwambiri. Zida zophatikizika zotchuka monga 7-zip (LZMA2) kupereka milingo apamwamba psinjika koma amafuna nthawi yaitali processing. Kwambiri wokometsedwa mapulogalamu ngati SQ=z (SQUASH) ndi machitidwe otsika omwe amatha kufinya ma byte owonjezera pa liwiro la mphezi poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu otchuka monga WinZip or WinRAR koma zovuta zawo zaukadaulo zikutanthauza kuti sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito PC osachita masewera.

Kupanikizika Kwazithunzi

Kusokoneza kwazithunzi ndi njira yochepetsera kuchuluka kwa deta yofunikira kuti iwonetsere chithunzi cha digito. Izi zimachitika ndi njira ziwiri kapena ziwiri: pochotsa kapena kuchepetsa deta yosafunikira, yotchedwa kupanikizana kosataya; kapena ndi kuchotsa mosamala deta, wotchedwa kupsinjika kwamphamvu.

ndi kupanikizana kosataya, chithunzicho chimawoneka chimodzimodzi monga momwe chinkachitira chisanakanidwe ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kochepa posungirako. Ndi a kupsinjika kwamphamvu njira, deta ina imatayika pamene fayilo yasungidwa ndikusinthidwanso koma ikachitidwa bwino, palibe kupotoza kowonekera kuyenera kuwonedwa kuchokera ku fayilo yoyamba yosakanizidwa.

Njira zoponderezera zopanda ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazithunzi za digito, komanso pamapangidwe azithunzi. Njira zopanda kutayika zimalola kuti mafayilo azikanikizidwa kukhala ting'onoting'ono kwambiri kuposa ngati atapanikizidwa ndi njira zina monga zithunzi za JPEG zomwe zimapangidwira. kupsinjika kwamphamvu komwe mumapeza fayilo yaying'ono potengera mtundu wotayika kapena tsatanetsatane.

Mawonekedwe azithunzi osatayika akuphatikizapo:

• Zojambula zamoto PNGs (ortf)
• GIFs (gif)
• ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri TIFF (tiff).

Mapulogalamu opangira zithunzi monga Photoshop amatha kutsegula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zithunzi ndikuzisintha kukhala imodzi mwamawonekedwewa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga "Save As" zomwe ndizomwe mafayilo amasinthidwa pafupipafupi popanda kutsitsa mapulogalamu owonjezera.

Mitundu ina yazithunzi monga JPEG 2000 (jp2) amagwiritsanso ntchito njira yamtunduwu koma amapereka phindu lowonjezera chifukwa amatha kusunga zidziwitso zolondola kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma JPEG pomwe ali ndi fayilo yaying'ono chifukwa cha dongosolo lawo lolembera bwino.

Kutsiliza

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi chida champhamvu chomwe chingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kukula kwa fayilo ndikusunga malo osungira, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti musataye deta iliyonse mukuchita. Kumakuthandizani compress owona popanda kutaya chilichonse cha zimene ali, kuwapanga zosavuta kusunga, kupeza ndi kugawana.

Pomaliza, kupanikizana kosataya ndi chida chofunikira chosungirako deta yamakono ndi kasamalidwe.

Chidule cha Kuponderezana Kosatayika

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi mtundu wa njira yophatikizira deta yomwe imachepetsa kukula kwa mafayilo popanda kupereka chilichonse mwa data yomwe ili mkati. Ndizoyenera kukakamiza mafayilo ozikidwa pamawu monga zikalata, maspredishithi, komanso zithunzi ndi mafayilo amawu.

Ubwino waukulu wa kuponderezana wopanda kutaya ndikuti amakulolani kuti muchepetse kukula kwa fayilo popanda kupereka mtundu wa fayilo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti fayilo yeniyeni yomweyi imatha kupanikizidwa kangapo, kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusunga ndi kusamutsa mafayilo akulu mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Imalolezanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kosungirako pochotsa deta yosafunikira pafayilo ndikusunga zofunikira zokhazokha za chidziwitso.

Mwambiri, pali mitundu iwiri ya ma aligorivimu osatayika - ma aligorivimu otengera mtanthauzira mawu monga Deflate/GZip kapena Lempel-Ziv (yomwe imakanikiza mafayilo kukhala mndandanda wazolozera) kapena njira zothetsera redundancy monga masamu a masamu kapena kabisidwe kautali (komwe kumachotsa kufutukuka polemba ma encoding obwerezabwereza). Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi zolinga zake zenizeni zikafika pamitundu yama media ndi ntchito.

Pakuti zithunzi, makamaka, osataya fano akamagwiritsa ngati PNG amakondedwa kuposa mitundu ina yotayika monga JPEG chifukwa amasunga tsatanetsatane wa zithunzi kuposa momwe JPEG imachitira pomwe akuperekabe mulingo wokwanira wakupanikizana popanda kuwononga kwambiri mtundu wazithunzi kapena kuvutikira pakumasulira kapena kupezanso zomwe zidachokera. Momwemonso, audio ya digito mafayilo osakanizidwa a waveform amakonda kuchita bwino ndi njira za vector quantization osati njira zenizeni zochepetsera bitrate.

Pomaliza, kuponderezana kopanda kutaya ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kukula kwakukulu kwamafayilo popanda nsembe iliyonse mumtundu; izi zimawapangitsa kukhala njira zabwino zosungira deta zamtengo wapatali ndikusunga malo osungira ndi mtengo. Monga momwe ma aligorivimu osiyanasiyana amakwanira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya media bwino kuposa ena, ndikwabwino nthawi zonse kufufuza mtundu womwe umagwirizana bwino ndi zosowa zanu pachitetezo chachinsinsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo bwino - kusankha koyenera kungapangitse kusiyana konse!

Ubwino wa Kuponderezana Kosatayika

Kupanikizika kosatha ndi njira yosungiramo deta ndi kusindikiza yomwe imalola mafayilo kusunga malo popanda kupereka khalidwe. Ngakhale mtengo wosungira ukutsika nthawi zonse, kusunga zinthu zadijito zapamwamba kumatha kukhala kodula komanso kuwononga nthawi. Ma compression algorithms osatayika amathandizira kusungirako, kukhathamiritsa kwa maukonde, komanso kusamutsa mafayilo pamakina osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhathamiritsa kwachangu kwa data kumatha kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayenderana ndi ma I/O ndikuthandizira ma dipatimenti asayansi kapena azachipatala kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zake mwachangu.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito njira zopondereza zosatayika ndi monga:

• Kuchepetsa kukula kwa fayilo popanda kuyambitsa kupotoza kulikonse kapena kuwonongeka kwamtundu
• Kupititsa patsogolo kuthamanga kwamasamba pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa data yomwe imasamutsidwa pa intaneti
• Njira zotsegulira mapulogalamu omwe amachepetsa mtengo wolumikizirana kuti mupeze zomwe zili pa seva zapaintaneti
• Kuchulukitsa kosungirako zosungirako zosungira kwanthawi yayitali za digito
• Anatsegula njira zopangira zida zenizeni komanso ntchito zotsatsira pa intaneti posamalira omvera omwe angakhale ndi zida zochepa za bandwidth

Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.