Magalasi: Kodi Makamera Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Ndi Mitundu Yati Iti?

pa kim Zasinthidwa: June 28, 2022

Magalasi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri Makamera - ndi "maso" omwe amajambula ndikuwonetsa chithunzicho pafilimu kapena sensa ya digito.

Magalasi amawongolera zinthu ziwiri zofunika za kuwala: kuyang'ana ndi kukula. Choyang'anacho chimatanthawuza momwe chithunzi chimajambulidwa mwamphamvu, pomwe kukula kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa chithunzicho chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pa sensa kapena filimu.

Magalasi amatha kugawidwa molingana ndi kutalika kwake komwe kumayesedwa mu millimeters (mm). Nthawi zambiri, magalasi owoneka bwino (12mm-35mm) ndi oyenera kujambula malo, pomwe magalasi okhala ndi utali wotalikirapo (100mm-800mm) amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pojambula pafupi kwambiri monga zithunzi kapena kujambula nyama zakuthengo. Palinso magalasi a telephoto omwe amapereka ngodya yotakata komanso utali wotalikirapo onse mu lens imodzi - yabwino kuyenda! Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yamagalasi apadera monga ma macro ndi ma lens a fisheye amathanso kugulidwa kuti mujambule zithunzi zowoneka bwino.

Ndiye kaya mukungoyamba kujambula kapena mukufuna kukweza zida zanu, kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalasi omwe alipo kungakuthandizeni kusankha mwanzeru pogula zida za kamera. Mu bukhuli tikambirana zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalasi a kamera ndi zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi ma Lens ndi chiyani?

Magalasi ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina aliwonse a kamera ndipo amatenga gawo lalikulu pazithunzi zomwe apanga. Magalasi amabwera mosiyanasiyana makulidwe, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu, kuchokera ku ma lens okhazikika mpaka zoom lens. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa kujambula komwe mukuchita, mungafunike mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalasi kuti mupeze zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana mitundu yoyambira ya magalasi, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.

Mitundu ya Magalasi

Pankhani ya magalasi, ojambula ali ndi njira zingapo zomwe angasankhe. Kuchokera mitundu yoyambira ngati magalasi apamwamba ndi magalasi owonera magalasi apadera ngati magalasi otalikirapo ndi ma telephoto, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe akeake. Pomvetsetsa kusiyana kwa mitundu iyi ya magalasi, ojambula amatha kusankha mandala oyenera pazochitika zilizonse.

Ma Lens Akuluakulu: Ma lens apamwamba ndi ma lens okhazikika omwe amalola kuthwa kwambiri komanso kumveka bwino. Ndi kutalika kokhazikika komwe sikungasinthidwe, awa ndiwabwino kusankha kujambula mumsewu ndi magawo azithunzi.

Ma Lens a Zoom: Ma lens a Zoom amapereka kusinthasintha kowonjezereka chifukwa amakulolani kuti muyang'ane mkati kapena kunja motalikirana mosiyanasiyana popanda kusinthana pakati pa magalasi angapo oyambira. Awa ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazochitika kapena kujambula pamasewera mukafuna kusinthasintha pojambula kuwombera kwanu.

Ma lens a Wide-Angle: Ma lens akutali amakulolani kuti mujambule zithunzi zazikulu popanda kupotoza m'mphepete mwa chimango, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kujambula malo kapena kuwombera mkati ndi malo ocheperako.

Magalasi a Telephoto: Magalasi a Telephoto amakupatsani mwayi wojambula zinthu zakutali mwatsatanetsatane ndikusiyanitsa mutu wanu kuchokera kumbuyo kwake chifukwa chakuya kwake. kutalika kwa munda kuthekera. Izi ndi zabwino kwa nyama zakuthengo kapena kuwombera kochitapo kanthu poyesa kuyandikira osafunikira kuyandikira pafupi mwakuthupi.

Magalasi a Prime

Ma lens apamwamba ndi ma lens apamwamba ndipo ma lens awa ali ndi kutalika kokhazikika kumodzi, kutanthauza kuti samakulitsa. Ma lens awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono komanso opepuka kuposa ma zoom, komanso amakhala otsika mtengo. Komabe, kuwombera ndi ma lens apamwamba kumatanthauza kuti muyenera kusuntha thupi lanu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapazi anu kuti musinthe mtunda pakati pa inu ndi mutuwo, mosiyana ndi kuyang'ana mkati kapena kunja ndi lens yosiyana-yoyang'ana-yautali.

Ma lens apamwamba amadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma zoom; Mitundu yomwe imafunidwa kwambiri imakhala ndi kutulutsa kwapamwamba kwa ma toni ndi mitundu yokhala ndi kuthwa kwabwino kwambiri pamafelemu. Ma lens awa amapindulanso ndi ma apertures otalikirapo kuposa ma lens owonera patali pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, magalasi apamwamba amakhala opepuka, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa kujambula kwapaulendo komanso kujambula kopepuka kokhala ndi malo akulu ngati f/2.8 kapena kukulirapo ngati alipo.

Mwachidule, ngati mukuyang'ana njira yotsika mtengo yojambula popanda kunyengerera, ndiye kuti magalasi apamwamba ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri. Kuperewera kwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kungawoneke ngati kocheperako poyamba koma posakhalitsa mudzazindikira kuti zimakukakamizani kuti mukhale opanga kwambiri momwe mumapangira kuwombera, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale zopambana zopezera ma angles apadera ndi njira zomwe sizikananyalanyazidwa!

Zoom Lens

Ma lens a Zoom ndi gulu losunthika lamagalasi a kamera ndipo amatha kukhala othandiza pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulira. Magalasi awa amakulolani kuti musinthe utali wawo wokhazikika, ndikukupatsani mphamvu zambiri kuposa ndi lens yokhazikika. Ma lens a zoom amaphimba pafupifupi utali uliwonse wolunjika, koma nthawi zambiri amagawidwa ngati ma lens otalikirapo (kuyambira 15 mpaka 35mm) kapena ma lens a telephoto zoom (kuyambira 70 mpaka 300mm).

Mawonekedwe akutali ali ndi mawonedwe okulirapo kuposa ma lens anthawi zonse kapena osasunthika ndipo ndi oyenera kujambula zithunzi zazikulu kapena maphunziro omwe ali kutali. Amaperekanso malo ozama kwambiri kuposa ma telephoto zoom, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwinoko kuwombera zithunzi ndi maphunziro angapo patali ndi kamera.

Ma telephoto zoom amatha kubweretsa zinthu zomwe zili kutali kwambiri. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera, nyama zakuthengo, komanso kujambula kwachilengedwe chifukwa simuyenera kuyandikira pafupi ndi mutu wanu monga ma zoom kapena ma lens apamwamba. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amapereka kuzama kocheperako kusiyana ndi makulitsidwe a wideangle, kutanthauza kuti zingakhale zovuta kusunga mbali zonse za chithunzicho nthawi imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi kusintha kwa ma chromatic ndi kupotoza kwa ma lens poyerekeza ndi makulitsidwe akutali chifukwa cha makina owoneka bwino omwe amakhudzidwa popanga kukulitsa kwakukulu kotere.

Magalasi a Telephoto

Magalasi a Telephoto ndi gulu laling'ono la magalasi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apadera aukadaulo ndiukadaulo amawalola kujambula zinthu zakutali popanda kupanga thupi la kamera. Magalasi a telephoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula ndi kujambula malo, kuwombera zochitika komanso kujambula nyenyezi.

Kutengera kutalika kwa mandala omwe mwasankha, magalasi a telephoto amatha kukhala okhazikika mpaka otalikirapo. Ma lens a 50mm amaonedwa kuti ndi apakati mandala a telephoto, pomwe chilichonse chotalikirapo kuposa 80mm chimatengedwa ngati mandala a telephoto. Magalasi a telephoto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mbali yopapatiza, yomwe imakhala yabwino mukamayang'ana mutu wanu mwatsatanetsatane kuchokera patali.

Lens ya telephoto ya .3 ndi chitsanzo cha telephoto-telephoto, kutanthauza kuti ili ndi utali wotalikirapo kuyambira 300mm mpaka 1200mm kapena kupitilira apo - kukulolani kuti mujambule zinthu zakutali mwatsatanetsatane. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi zapafupi monga kujambula pamasewera ndi zochitika zakuthengo zomwe zimafuna kuti mukhale pafupi ndi mutu wanu kuchokera patali. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukula kwawo komanso mtengo wake, nthawi zambiri amalepheretsa ojambula omwe alibe zida kapena bajeti kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino, motero ojambula odziwa zamasewera kapena ojambula zachilengedwe & nyama zakuthengo omwe angakwanitse kugula zida zotere angapindule kwambiri ndi mitundu yapaderayi. za magalasi.

Magalasi a Wide-Angle

Ma lens amakona akulu amakhala ndi mandala amtali wamtali wamtali kuposa ma lens wamba. Makina a kamera a 35mm amaonedwa kuti ali ndi mandala abwinobwino okhala ndi kutalika kozungulira 50mm. Ojambula kunyumba atha kugwiritsa ntchito ma lens amakona akulu poyang'ana malo, zamkati, ndi madera ena omwe mungafune kujambula zithunzi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, ma lens amakona akulu amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 35mm kapena kufupikitsa pamakamera ambiri a digito.

Magalasi amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti “W” kapena “WA” pa mbiya ya mandala, kukudziwitsani kuti ndi mandala atali-mbali. Pamakina apamwamba kwambiri a digito monga Canon ndi Nikon, ma lens azitali amatha kuyambira 10 - 17mm malinga ndi malo awo owonera (omwe amadziwikanso kuti ngodya yakuwona). Pamakina athunthu, amayambira pafupifupi 14 - 17 mm ndipo amatha kupitilira mpaka 21mm kutalika (kutalika.)

Mukayang'ana ma lens ena osalowerera ndale, zosintha zazikulu zimasokoneza m'mphepete - kutanthauza kuti mizere yowongoka idzawoneka yopindika pazithunzi zanu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "barreling effect." Kutengera kuwala ndi mtunda wanu wowombera zitha kukhala zopindulitsa kapena zowononga kutengera mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Ma lens otalikirapo amathanso kukokomeza mtunda pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimapatsa zithunzi zakuya kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe anthu amaziwona.

Macro Lens

.5 Macro Lens, omwe amadziwikanso kuti "micro lens" adapangidwa kuti azijambula pafupi. Pamawonekedwe a .5x (kukula kwa theka la moyo), magalasi awa amakulolani kujambula zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri kuchokera pafupi ndi mainchesi 8 kuchokera pa kamera. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kuposa ma lens ena akuluakulu chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kakang'ono ka sensor ndipo amapanga zithunzi zakuthwa komanso zatsatanetsatane pazinthu monga maluwa ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwawo kochepa komanso mtunda wogwirira ntchito, amapanga zida zoyenera kwa iwo omwe akufuna kujambula pafupi kwambiri kapena zopakapaka m'mabwalo amasewera. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo kwa gawo lawo nthawi zambiri amatha kusinthana ndi mphete kapena machubu kuti akwaniritse kukula kosiyana - kulola ojambula kujambula zing'onozing'ono kwambiri zomwe sizingatheke ndi mitundu ina ya magalasi. Amapanganso magalasi abwino kwambiri okhala ndi maziko ofewa a bokeh akagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Ma lens a Fisheye

Ma lens a Fisheye amapereka mawonekedwe otakata kwambiri, ngakhale sakhala mopambanitsa ngati ma lens ena okulirapo. Zithunzizi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi za anthu akutali kwambiri. .6 Ma lens a Fisheye amapereka mawonekedwe a 180° gawo la mawonekedwe osasokoneza pang'ono. Amapereka mawonekedwe osangalatsa omwe ali othandiza akagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana malo, kuwombera zochitika, ndi zithunzi zaluso monga zithunzi kapena kujambula usiku. Kuonjezera apo, ndi otchuka mu ntchito zamakono monga kujambula zojambula chifukwa cha luso lawo lojambula zithunzi zolondola kwambiri zomwe zimakhalabe zopanda pake.

Kutalika Kwambiri

Kutalika kwapang'onopang'ono ndikofunika kwambiri posankha lens yoyenera kuwomberako. Kutalika kwa lens kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zochitika - malinga ndi ngodya ndi mtunda - zitha kujambulidwa, komanso mawonekedwe ake. Malo owonera amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya ndipo amatsimikiziridwa ndi malo ndi kukula kwa sensor ya chithunzi mu kamera yanu.

Kutalika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula ndi pakati pa 16mm mpaka 300mm, ngakhale pali magalasi omwe amapezeka mpaka 2000mm nthawi zina. Kufupikitsa kwa utali wolunjika, kukulitsa ngodya ndi mtunda wautali womwe ungathe kujambulidwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, utali wotalikirana kwambiri umapereka makulitsidwe ambiri koma amachepetsa malo.

Kutalikira komwe kumaphatikizapo:
-Magalasi a Wide-Angle - Kutalika kokhazikika kuchokera ku 16mm mpaka 35mm
-Magalasi Okhazikika / Okhazikika - Kutalika kokhazikika kuchokera ku 50mm mpaka 65mm
-Magalasi a Telephoto - Kutalika koyang'ana kuyambira 70mm mpaka 200+ mm
-Ultra-Wide Angle Lens - Kutalikirana kwakutali kuyambira 8mm mpaka 15mm
-Magalasi apamwamba a Telephoto - Zoyang'ana pamwamba pa 300 mpaka 2000+ mm

kabowo

kabowo ndichinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kuganizira mukamayang'ana magalasi ndi makamera. Pobowo ndi kukula kwa dzenje la disolo lanu lomwe limalowetsa kuwala, kotero mukamalola kuwala kwambiri, mumatha kumva bwino kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, kukula kwa disolo la lens, kuzama kwanu kudzakhala kozama. Kuzama kozama kumatanthauza kuti zinthu zokhazo zomwe zili pafupi ndi inu kapena zomwe zili mumtundu winawake ndizo zomwe zimayang'ana pomwe mbali zina zonse za chithunzi chanu ndizosawoneka bwino komanso zosawoneka bwino. Izi zimapatsa zithunzi zanu kusiyanitsa bwino, kuzipangitsa kuti ziziwoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino.

Chinthu china chofunika kuganizira posankha lens ndi kutalika kwake. Kutalika kwa focal kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa "zoom" zomwe kamera yanu ingakwaniritse komanso kukula kapena kupapatiza chithunzi mukajambula nacho.

Makamaka, pali mitundu itatu (kapena mabanja) ya magalasi kutengera kabowo kawo: Standard (F1.4 - F2.8), Portrait (F2 - F4), Zoom (F4 - F5.6)

Magalasi okhazikika amapereka pobowo yotakata kwambiri yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera zomwe zikuyang'ana komanso kukhala ndi chithunzi chapamwamba chifukwa cha kuwala kochulukirapo komwe kumalowa mu mandala; magalasi awa amakhala abwino kwambiri pojambula mopepuka pang'onopang'ono monga mawonekedwe a malo dzuwa likamalowa kapena kuwombera usiku chifukwa cha kukula kwake kokulirapo komwe kumapangitsa kuwala kwambiri mu chithunzi chanu kuti mukhale ndi zithunzi zomveka bwino popanda kukulitsa milingo ya ISO mosayenera zomwe zingayambitse phokoso lowonekera kuchokera kumbewu. zotsatira pa masensa a digito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DSLRs).

Ma Lens a Zithunzi ali ndi zotchingira zapakatikati zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wowonjezera pakati pa zakumbuyo ndi kutsogolo zomwe zimaloleza kusinthasintha zomwe zimalola ojambula kuti azitha kumveketsa bwino nkhani zawo pomwe amasunga china chilichonse kuti chisawoneke bwino kulola kuwombera kosavuta kusiyana ndi mitundu yokhazikika; magalasi awa ndiabwinonso kujambula chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo pakupangitsa maphunziro kukhala opambana kwambiri poyerekeza mitundu yofananira.

Pomaliza, ma Zoom Lens amaphimba utali wapakatikati wa telephoto kuyambira 70mm-200mm kuwapangitsa kukhala zisankho zabwino kwambiri zowombera patali ngati zithunzi za masamba akugwa kapena mphukira zowonera mbalame; Amagwiranso ntchito bwino m'nyumba chifukwa chocheperako kuyatsa komwe kuli kotalikirapo komwe kumakupatsani mwayi wowongolera zinthu zomwe zimasokonekera kwinaku zimaloleza kuyandikira pafupi ndi zinthu zomwe zili kutali ndikupereka milingo yowoneka bwino kuchokera pagululi la ma lens omwe amapatsa ojambula zithunzi za digito kutha kusinthasintha kwambiri pakudzipatula kwa mutu ndi kukulitsa chinthu. patali kwambiri kudzera muzowonjezera zocheperako zomwe zimafunikira poyerekeza makamera anthawi zonse a 35mm slr omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku apitawa pamalamulo omwewo akamawombera zithunzi kapena malo owoneka bwino popanda kutanthauzira kwa digito komwe akuwoneka lero ndi ma DSLRs omwe siathunthu akuchepera kukula kwa chip sensor ya kamera limodzi ndi kujambula. zotsatira za mapulogalamu amapanga zotsatira zofanana koma zosafanana kuchokera ku zojambula zojambulidwa kamodzi zomwe zimawonedwa kuchokera ku zolakwika za kanema m'masiku oyambirira popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimafunidwa pambuyo pa kupanga musanasindikize zomaliza zomaliza zomwe zinali zofala m'ma laboratories odziwa mafilimu asanayambe advanc. Zaka zaukadaulo zomwe zimapereka mayankho azithunzi zapakompyuta zapakompyuta sizimayendetsedwanso ndi anthu odziwa bwino zipinda zamdima zisanafike zaka za m'ma 1980 zisanachitike kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kumapereka njira zosavuta koma osati mwaukadaulo nthawi zonse zomwe zidapangidwa kale zimaphatikizanso mbali zazikulu zomwe owombera amasiku ano amasankha ma hybrids pomwe akusunga zinthu zina zomwe zimadalira. zomwe zidawonedwa kale ngati ma pixel kuyang'ana pamiyezo motsatana ndi kuchuluka kwa makonda komwe kumatulutsa mawonedwe a gamut kuchotsera osinthika osiyanasiyana omwe amatsutsana nawo omwe amasamaliridwa mtsogolo kukhudza kutha kukhazikitsidwa mpaka zosefera zomwe zingapezeke kupitilira zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizofanana ndi golide monga ma colorblind repro scheme omwe adayesedwa kale ndi ma gigabytes otchuka akadali oyenera. nsanja ngakhale mibadwo yakale yosatha kuwona maulamuliro amtundu wa supersonic omwe amafuna njira zoponderezera za hi res pafupifupi aliyense akudziwa ngati kufuna kukonzanso kwa bandsaw deconvolution kumachitika. kukhala akatswiri okhawo aluso omwe amafunikira kuyerekeza kwa geometric aspherical approximations zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda malire zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti sizingatheke zaka khumi zapitazo kujambula zithunzi zodziwika bwino zamitundu yodziwika bwino zomwe zidalumikizana kale motsutsana ndi zosintha zomwe zidakomera zosintha zomwe zimatsindikabe mfundo zosatha zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mgwirizano zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro losamveka bwino lomwe lingakhale losamvetsetseka. panga zinthu zomwe anthu ochepa amazidziwa koma amazindikira bwino tsogolo lochititsa chidwi lomwe lapita patsogolo modabwitsa, zabweretsa zowoneka bwino mwaukadaulo wotsogola kutsogola kuchita zinthu zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti sizingachitike, nthawi imayamba kusungunula zowona zomwe zimasokonekera kuyambika kwatsopano pano chilichonse chomwe chili m'tsogolo chimabwera momveka bwino.

Kusankha Lens Yoyenera

Zikafika posankha mandala oyenera a kamera yanu, pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana komanso zosankha zomwe mungasankhe. Muyenera kuganizira kukula kwa mandala, kutalika kwapakati, kutsekeka kwakukulu, ndi zina. Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndikukuthandizani kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa mitundu ya mandala, kuti mutha kusankha yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.

Mfundo Zofunika Kuziganizira

Pogula mandala, muyenera kuganizira zinthu monga mtundu wa kamera ya digito yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito, luso la kujambula lomwe muli nalo, ndi mitundu ya kuwombera komwe mudzakhala mukujambula. Kutengera ndi mtundu wanji wa kujambula komwe mukufuna kupanga, magalasi osiyanasiyana angakhale oyenera pazithunzi zosiyanasiyana. Kuzindikira kuti ndi magalasi ati omwe ali oyenera pazosowa zanu pamafunika kufufuza mosamala komanso kumvetsetsa zaukadaulo wamagalasi a kamera.

Nthawi zina, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zenizeni za lens zimakhudzira magwiridwe ake; mwachitsanzo, magalasi awiri osiyana amatha kukhala ndi utali wolunjika wofanana koma kukula kwake kokwanira kumatha kusiyana. Kutsegula kwakukulu ndi chinthu chofunikira chifukwa kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kungalowe kudzera mu kamera ndikufika pa sensa kapena filimu kuti apange chithunzi kapena kanema. Kuonjezera apo, kudziwa zambiri monga momwe mawonedwe amawonekedwe okhudzana ndi DSLR yanu kapena kukula kwa digito yopanda galasi kungakuthandizeni kusankha bwino pogula magalasi.

Magalasi omwe amatchuka kwambiri ndi osinthasintha; ali ndi luso lomwe limawalola kuti azijambula mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi zithunzi. Ma lens ena otchuka amaphatikiza kutalika kotalikirana komwe kumathandizira kujambula zithunzi zazikulu ngati mawonekedwe amkati kapena mkati; Kuthekera kwautali wotalikirana wa telephoto komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuwombera zinthu zakutali monga zosungira nyama zachilengedwe; Kuthekera kwa macro komwe kumathandizira ojambula kujambula zithunzi zapafupi ndi malingaliro apamwamba komanso mwatsatanetsatane; ma lens a fisheye omwe amapereka mawonekedwe otambalala kwambiri madigiri 180 podutsa powonekera; Ultra-wide rectilinear optics omwe amapereka ngodya zazikulu kuposa ma lens a fisheye koma alibe zosokoneza; ndi kuthekera kowongolera kawonedwe kake komwe kamalola wojambula kuwongolera kwambiri momwe chithunzi chikuwonera kudzera pa malo a kamera amasuntha motsatira nkhwangwa ziwiri zogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a ndege m'malo mopendekera mmwamba/pansi kapena kumanzere/kumanja.

bajeti

Posankha mtundu wa mandala oti mugule kamera yanu, ndikofunikira kulingalira bajeti yanu. Kaya mukugwira ntchito ndi bajeti yaying'ono kapena yokulirapo, pali magalasi omwe angagwirizane nawo. Mwachitsanzo, omwe ali ndi bajeti yaying'ono angafune kuyang'ana magalasi owoneka bwino, omwe ali ndi cholinga chokhazikika komanso amapereka chithunzithunzi chabwino pamitengo yabwino. Ngakhale magalasi amtunduwu sali olemera ngati magalasi okwera mtengo, amathabe kugwira ntchitoyo ndikupereka zithunzi zabwino. Magalasi okwera mtengo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zobowo zothamanga (f/2.8 kapena f/4) komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri omwe amatsegula mwayi wopanga zambiri monga kuya kwakuya kwakuya kapena kuwongolera kocheperako. Amene ali ndi ndalama zazikulu ayenera kuganizira zogulitsa ma lens apamwamba, omwe amapereka malo othamanga kwambiri monga f/1.4 kapena apamwamba ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala njira yakuthwa kwambiri pamsika lero.

kamera mtundu

Lens yomwe mwasankha idzadalira kwambiri mtundu wa kamera yomwe muli nayo. Magalasi a makamera a digito amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana, koma makamera amakanema nthawi zambiri amafuna mandala omwe amawakonzera. Makamera a DSLR amagwiritsa ntchito magalasi osinthika, kuphatikiza mitundu iyi:
-Magalasi oyambira: Ma lens apamwamba amakhazikika pamtunda umodzi wokhazikika, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino pazowunikira zochepa komanso kujambula zithunzi. Amakhalanso otsika mtengo kuposa ma lens owonetsera.
-Ma lens a Zoom: Ma lens a Zoom amapereka kusinthasintha kwambiri kuposa ma lens apamwamba, kukulolani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe anu ndi kupindika kumodzi kwa mandala. Izi zimakonda kukhala zazikulu kuposa ma lens apamwamba komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri.
- Macro lens: Kujambula kwa Macro ndi ntchito yapafupi; ma lens odzipatulira amalola ojambula kuyandikira kwambiri nkhani yawo ndikujambula tsatanetsatane mpaka mamilimita kapena ma microns kukula kwake.
-Tilt/Shift man lens: Ma lens amapendekeka/akusinthiratu amapereka mulingo wolondola kwambiri popangitsa ojambula kuti azizungulira pomwe akulunjika molunjika komanso mopingasa kuti asinthe mawonekedwe awo molondola kwambiri kuposa momwe njira zowonera zimaloleza.

Kutalika Kwambiri

Pankhani ya magalasi ndi kujambula, ma F-siyani mtengo (kapena Focal Length) wa lens umasonyeza kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumasonkhanitsidwa ndi sensa ya kamera. F-stop ikakwera, m'pamenenso kugwedezeka kulikonse kudzakhalako pa chithunzi. F-Stop yaying'ono ipangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa wojambula kujambula zithunzi pamalo osawoneka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mandala a F/2.8 amalola kuwala kuwirikiza kawiri ngati F/4 ndi kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa F/5.6.

Posankha lens kuti mujambule, ojambula aganizire zinthu monga momwe amawonera, kuya kwa gawo ndi kusuntha pozindikira kutalika koyenera kwa zosowa zawo. Utali wolunjika ukhoza kuyambira 8mm ultra-wide fish diso kufika 1600mm super telephoto lens; komabe anthu ambiri amawombera ndi ma lens abwinobwino omwe amayendera pakati pa 28mm wide angle lens ndi 300mm telephoto lens. Pakati pa magulu awiriwa, zomwe mungasankhe ndizo:

* 35mm: Makamera ambiri amawombera pakukula uku mwachisawawa. Kutalika kwachikhalidwe kumeneku kwakhala kofala kuyambira pomwe kujambula kanema wa 35mm kudatchuka ndipo kumathandizira ojambula kujambula zomwe maso athu angawone mwachilengedwe patali ndi zomwe zikujambulidwa.
**50mm: Zodziwika bwino pakati pa ojambula zithunzi chifukwa amapatsa luso lambiri lakumbuyo pomwe akukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe achibadwidwe akamawombera anthu pafupi kapena patali.* 85 mm: Chisankho chodziwika bwino cha ojambula zithunzi omwe amafuna kusawoneka bwino zakumbuyo popanda kuchita nawo kwambiri. pafupi kapena kutali kwambiri ndi maphunziro awo.* 135 mm: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mukafuna nyimbo zolimba kwambiri komanso zosamveka bwino zakumbuyo kuposa zomwe mungathe kuzipeza ndi utali wina.* 200 mm – 300 mm : Magalasi autali amayambira apa – othandiza kwambiri pamasewera kapena kujambula nyama zakuthengo komwe muyenera kuwombera mokhazikika komanso kukhala kutali ndi maphunziro anu pazifukwa zachitetezo (mwachitsanzo, nyama zakuthengo).

kabowo

Aperture ndi kutsegula kwa lens komwe kuwala kumalowa ndikupanga chithunzi. Pobowo amapimidwa mu manambala a f ndipo amalozeredwa ndi nambala yotchedwa f-stop. Kubowo kumathandizanso kuwunikira; zibowo zokulirapo zimapanga malo osaya kwambiri, omwe amalola kuti chinthu chakutsogolo chikhale cholunjika pomwe zinthu zakumbuyo zimadetsedwa. Magalasi okhala ndi f-stop otsika monga ƒ/4 nthawi zambiri amakhala magalasi othamanga, kutanthauza kuti amatha kuwombera zithunzi mwachangu ndikupereka ntchito yabwino ikafika pakujambula kopepuka.

Ndi kabowo ka ƒ/4, ngati muyang'ana china chake chapafupi (kunena pakati pa 4 ndi mapazi asanu ndi limodzi), mudzakhala ndi gawo lozama kwambiri, pomwe mutu wanu wokha udzakhala wakuthwa pomwe chakumbuyo kumakhala kowoneka bwino. Mukajambula zithunzi kapena zithunzi zazikulu zokhala ngati ƒ/XNUMX, mufunika kuwala kwachilengedwe kochuluka kuti mugwire nawo ntchito - muli ndi njira zambiri zojambulira zokongola ndi ma lens amtundu uwu!

Autofocus

Lens ya 0.5 autofocus imakulolani kuti muyang'ane molondola pamutu wa chithunzi chanu, kuchepetsa kufunikira koyang'ana pamanja powombera. Kutha kusunga mutu wanu nthawi zonse kumapangitsa kuti mandala amtunduwu akhale chisankho chabwino chojambula zinthu zomwe zikuyenda mwachangu kapena zosayembekezereka - nyama, othamanga, kapena zinthu zomwe zikuyenda. Pophatikizana ndi sensa yapamwamba kwambiri, lens yamtunduwu imatha kukuthandizani kuti mukwaniritse zithunzi zakuthwa kwambiri ndi zolondola komanso zokhazikika.

Magalasi a 0.5 autofocus amagwiritsa ntchito injini yolowera mkati yomwe imagwira ntchito ndi autofocus system ya kamera kuti ipereke magwiridwe antchito mwachangu komanso molondola. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yofunikira kuti zisinthidwe zikangokhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kujambula makanema ndi makanema. Kuphatikizanso kuyang'ana kolondola kwambiri kuposa ma lens apamanja, kapangidwe ka mandalawa kamakhalanso kodalirika pakasintha kowala monga kusuntha kuchokera m'nyumba kupita panja kapena kugwira ntchito m'malo opepuka monga kujambula pamasewera ndi mawonekedwe ausiku.

Kutsiliza

Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalasi ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kamera yanu. Pali ma lens osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso ma lens osinthika ndi makulitsidwe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutengera mtundu wa kujambula komwe mukugwira. Kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe, ntchito ndi mawonekedwe kumakupatsani mwayi wosankha mandala abwino kwambiri pantchitoyo. Tengani nthawi posankha mandala a kamera yanu, ganizirani mbali zonse, yesani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikupeza yomwe ikukwaniritsa zosowa zanu.

Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.