SDI: Kodi Serial Digital Interface ndi chiyani?

pa kim Zasinthidwa: July 9, 2022

chosalekeza digito interface (SDI) ndiukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani owulutsa mawu pofalitsa digito yosakanizidwa kanema zizindikiro.

SDI imatha kunyamula mpaka 3Gbps ya data pomwe ikusunga kuchedwa kochepa komanso kudalirika kwakukulu.

Nthawi zambiri imakhala msana wazinthu zambiri zowulutsira, zomwe zimalola kuti ma audio ndi makanema apakanema azinyamulidwa mtunda wautali popanda latency yochepa komanso kutayika kwamtundu.

M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zoyambira za SDI ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake pamakampani owulutsa.

Tanthauzo la Serial Digital Interface (SDI)

Seri Digital Interface (SDI) ndi mtundu wamawonekedwe a digito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mavidiyo a digito ndi ma audio.

SDI imathandizira kufalitsa ma siginecha osakanizidwa, osabisidwa pamitali yayitali pama studio kapena malo owulutsa.

Idapangidwa ndi Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers (SMPTE) kuti ikhale m'malo mwa kanema wamagulu a analogi ndi njira ina yosinthira mavidiyo.

SDI imagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kwa point-to-point pakati pa zida ziwiri, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chingwe cha coaxial kapena fiber optic pair, pamalingaliro okhazikika kapena apamwamba.

Zida ziwiri zogwira ntchito za SDI zikalumikizidwa, zimapereka kufalikira kwaukhondo pamtunda wautali popanda kuphatikizika kapena kutayika kwa data.

Izi zimapangitsa SDI kukhala yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga kuwulutsa pompopompo, pomwe mawonekedwe azithunzi ayenera kukhala osasinthasintha kwa nthawi yayitali.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito SDI umaphatikizapo kuthekera kwake kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa zingwe ndi mtengo wa zida, kugwirizana pakati pa zida za opanga angapo, chithandizo chapamwamba kuposa makanema apakanema komanso kuwongolera bwino pakumanga machitidwe akulu.

Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) idakhazikitsidwa pamiyezo yofanana ndi Seri Digital Interface ndipo yapanga tsatanetsatane wake posachedwapa kuti ipereke kuyanjana ndi High Definition Television (HDTV) yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira.

mwachidule

Seri digito mawonekedwe (SDI) ndi mtundu wa digito kanema muyezo ntchito kufalitsa uncompressed, uncrypted digito kanema ndi zomvetsera pa serial mawonekedwe pakati pa zipangizo ziwiri.

Zimapereka maubwino osiyanasiyana monga kuthamanga kwambiri, kuchepa kwa latency, komanso mtengo wotsika. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kupereka mwachidule mulingo wa SDI ndi ntchito zake.

Mitundu ya SDI

Seri Digital Interface (SDI) ndiukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaulumikizidwe aukadaulo omwe amatha kutumiza siginecha ya digito mumtundu wa serial pa chingwe cha coaxial.

Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula mawu omveka bwino komanso makanema amakanema kuchokera ku chipangizo china kupita ku china kapena kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kumalo ena.

M'nkhaniyi, tipereka mwachidule mitundu ya SDI ndi mafotokozedwe awo.

SDI imaphatikizapo miyezo ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data ndi latency, kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito. Miyezo iyi ikuphatikiza:

• 175Mb/s SD-SDI: Ulalo umodzi wogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe mpaka 525i60 NTSC kapena 625i50 PAL, pa 48kHz pafupipafupi
• 270Mb/s HD-SDI: Ulalo umodzi HD muyezo pa 480i60, 576i50, 720p50/59.94/60Hz ndi 1080i50/59.94/60Hz
• 1.483Gbps 3G-SDI: Muyezo wolumikizana wapawiri wogwiritsa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe mpaka 1080p30Hz pa 48 kHz pafupipafupi
• 2G (kapena 2.970Gbps): Muyezo wolumikizira wapawiri wogwiritsa ntchito ndi mawonekedwe mpaka 720p50/60Hz 1080psf30 pa 48 kHz pafupipafupi
• 3 Gb (3Gb) kapena 4K (4K Ultra High Tanthauzo): Quad ulalo 4K digito mawonekedwe amene amapereka siginecha mpaka 4096 × 2160 @ 60 mafelemu pa sekondi kuphatikiza 16 channel 48kHz audio
• 12 Gbps 12G SDI: Imathandizira kusamvana kuchokera pa quad full HD (3840 × 2160) mpaka 8K mawonekedwe (7680 × 4320) komanso zithunzi zosakanikirana pa chingwe chomwecho mu ulalo umodzi ndi mitundu iwiri * yolumikizira

Ubwino wa SDI

Mawonekedwe amtundu wa digito (SDI) ndi njira yotumizira ma siginecha ya digito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawayilesi ndi malo opangira pambuyo pake.

SDI ndi kulumikizana kwakuthupi kolimba kolimba komwe sikufuna kusindikiza kowonjezera kapena kumasulira ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumizira makanema othamanga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe monga zingwe za BNC coaxial, zingwe za fiber optical, ndi zopindika.

SDI ili ndi zabwino zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa akatswiri owulutsa. Imapereka kutumiza kwa latency yotsika komanso kuphatikiza kosasinthika pakati pa zida zingapo zamakanema.

SDI imathandiziranso mpaka mayendedwe 8 ​​pa 3Gbps, kulola kusintha kwazithunzi zapamwamba pamasinthidwe angapo.

Kuphatikiza apo, SDI imathandizira chiŵerengero cha High-Definition (HD) cha 16:9 ndikuthandizira 4:2:2 chroma sampling kuti zamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa HD zisungidwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, SDI itha kutumizidwa mosavuta kudzera pamanetiweki omwe alipo popanda kuyimitsanso waya kapena kukweza mtengo kapena kuyika zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Pomaliza, SDI imapereka kulumikizana kotetezeka pogwiritsa ntchito kutsimikizira mawu achinsinsi polumikiza magwero kwa olandila kuchotsa ziwopsezo zomwe zingatheke kuchokera kwa anthu ena panthawi yotumiza deta pakati pa malo akutali osayendetsedwa.

Zoyipa za SDI

Pomwe akupereka maulalo apamwamba kwambiri amakanema ndi ma audio, pali zovuta zochepa kwa iwo omwe amaganizira za SDI pofufuza zofunikira za kachitidwe ka AV.

Choyamba, zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma sign a SDI zitha kukhala zokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi machitidwe ena kapena njira zachingwe zamakanema monga HDMI/DVI.

Zolepheretsa zina zimaphatikizapo kusowa kwa chithandizo mkati mwazinthu zogula, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa zipangizo zovomerezeka.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga zolumikizira za SDI ndi zolumikizira za BNC ndi zingwe za fiber, zosinthira ma adapter ndizofunikira ngati kulumikizana kwa HDMI kapena DVI kukufunika.

Choyipa china ndichakuti zida za SDI sizowoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi makina amakalasi ogula omwe amapereka luso loyika digito.

Monga ma sign a SDI amakhala ndi mauthenga omvera ndi makanema osasunthika, izi zikutanthauza kuti masinthidwe aliwonse amasinthidwe amayenera kupangidwa kudzera pakuwongolera pa board; chifukwa chake kupangitsa kuphatikizana kukhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa machitidwe ena amakalasi a akatswiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito makulidwe okulirapo pachingwe chowala kumapangitsanso kuti ikhale yolemetsa kwambiri kuposa anzawo omwe amagula nawonso kuwonjezera pakupereka malire ochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi ma analogi - SDI imagwira ntchito bwino pamtunda wapakati pa 500m-3000m ndikutayika komwe kumachitika kupitilira izi.

Mapulogalamu

Serial digital interface (SDI) ndi ukadaulo wopangidwa kuti uzitha kuwulutsa ma audio ndi makanema mokhulupirika kwambiri pamtunda wautali.

Imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'ma studio apawailesi yakanema, ma suites osinthira, ndi ma vans owulutsa akunja ndipo imatha kufalitsa ma siginecha amakanema osakanizidwa pa liwiro lalikulu kwambiri.

Gawoli likambirana za machitidwe osiyanasiyana a SDI ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pamakampani owulutsa.

Kuwulutsa

Mawonekedwe amtundu wa digito (SDI) ndiukadaulo wodziwika bwino womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito paukadaulo wowulutsa pamavidiyo onse a baseband ndi ma audio.

Imathandizidwa ndi opanga ambiri, kulola kuphatikizika kosavuta komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwamasigino.

SDI idapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zamakampani owulutsa, kulola HDTV kuwulutsa pazingwe za coaxial m'malo mwa zingwe zodula za fiber optic.

SDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pama studio apawayilesi apawailesi yakanema pomwe matanthauzidwe okhazikika a PAL/NTSC kapena matanthauzo apamwamba a 1080i/720p amafunikira kutumizidwa kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina.

Kusinthasintha kwake kumalola kufalikira pazingwe zokhazikika za coaxial pakati pa ma studio omwe ali kutali kwambiri ndi mamailosi ndipo zimathandiza owulutsa kuti achepetse ndalama popewa kuyika ma cabling okwera mtengo.

Kuphatikiza apo, SDI imatha kuthandizira mitundu ingapo ndikuyika zomvera zomwe zimafuna kulumikizana ndi chingwe chimodzi pakati pa zida ziwiri.

Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwawona SDI ikupitilira kugwiritsidwa ntchito powulutsa muzojambula zamankhwala, ma endoscopy ndi makanema akatswiri pamagawo monga kupanga, kupanga pambuyo ndi kuwulutsa kunja (OB).

Ndi mawonekedwe ake apamwamba kwambiri azithunzi za 10-bit 6 wave internal processing ikupitiliza kuwonedwa ngati chida chosinthika chomasulira zomwe zimafunikira bwino ndi owulutsa padziko lonse lapansi komanso ndi kuthekera kwa 3Gbps kupezeka tsopano ndi chida chothandizira kusamutsa ma siginecha a HDTV osakhazikika pama projekiti azamalonda monga chabwino.

Kuyesa Kwachipatala

SDI ndi gawo lofunikira la kujambula kwachipatala, komwe kumakhudza kayendedwe kamagetsi kazithunzi zowoneka.

Ukadaulo woyerekeza zamankhwala umagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda, kusanthula kapangidwe ka thupi ndi ziwalo, komanso kuyang'anira momwe chithandizo chikuyendera.

SDI imathandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti chidziwitso chachipatala chodziwikiratu chikudutsa mzere wotetezedwa mkati mwadongosolo lazaumoyo popanda kuipitsidwa kapena kuipitsidwa ndi ziwopsezo zamagetsi zosaloledwa.

Makina ambiri oyerekeza azachipatala amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa SDI chifukwa umapereka njira zodalirika zotumizira zithunzi za digito ndi analogi.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chingwe cha SDI kungathe kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la kutumiza zithunzi kuchokera kumakina ozindikira matenda kupita kumalo omwe wodwalayo ali pafupi ndi bedi kapena kupita ku ofesi ya dokotala kuti akawunikenso.

Zingwezi zimaperekanso phindu pogawana deta ya odwala pakati pa malo angapo nthawi imodzi popanda kuchedwa pang'ono pa nthawi yotumizira kapena kuwononga deta.

Ntchito zina za SDI pazojambula zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo makina a digito mammography, ma CT scan pachifuwa, ma scan a MRI, ndi makina a ultrasound pakati pa ena.

Dongosolo lililonse limafunikira mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitengo ya mzere pakukhazikitsa kwawo koma onse amafunikira kutumiza zithunzi za digito zowoneka bwino zosawonongeka pang'ono pamtunda wautali pa liwiro lapamwamba kuposa momwe zingathere ndi mawaya achikhalidwe monga zingwe zamagetsi za coaxial.

Industrial

M'mafakitale, seri Digital Interface (SDI) ndiukadaulo wamba womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma siginecha osakanizidwa a digito / makanema pa chingwe cholumikizira, zingwe za fiber optic, kapena zingwe zopotoka.

Ndiwoyenera kujambula ndi kusewera ma siginecha amatanthauzidwe apamwamba munthawi yeniyeni yokhala ndi latency yotsika. Malumikizidwe a SDI nthawi zambiri amakonda zipatala, zowulutsa zochitika, makonsati anyimbo ndi zikondwerero.

SDI imakhala ndi scalability kuchokera pamakanema otsika a bandwidth monga Standard Definition (SD) kupita ku makanema apamwamba a bandwidth monga HD ndi UltraHD 4K kanema kusamvana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana za kuwala (luma) ndi chrominance (chroma) kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wabwino komanso kulondola kwamtundu.

SDI imathandiziranso ma audio ophatikizidwa mpaka 48kHz/8 mumtundu wa MPEG2 komanso kutumiza chidziwitso cha timecode monga D-VITC kapena digitized LTC.

Chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, Serial Digital Interface imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale apawailesi yakanema pomwe kudalirika ndikofunikira.

Imatumiza deta yosakanizidwa pamitengo yoyambira 270 Mb/s mpaka 3 Gb/s yomwe imathandizira owulutsa kuwunika ndikuwunika. jambulani ma angle angapo a kamera munthawi yeniyeni ndikutumiza zithunzi za HDTV popanda zinthu zakale kapena pixelization.

M'mapulogalamu ambiri owulutsa monga kugoletsa pompopompo kapena kuwulutsa pamasewera, kuthekera kotalikirana kwa SDI kumathandizira kufalitsa zowonera zambiri kumadera akulu akunja komwe kutha kukhala kofunikira.

Kutsiliza

Serial digital interface (SDI) ndi mulingo wamakanema owulutsa omwe amapangidwira kuti azigwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri, makamaka komwe kuchuluka kwa data kumayenera kutumizidwa patali.

Mawonekedwewa amathandizira akatswiri owulutsa kupeza, kusamutsa, ndi kusunga mavidiyo ndi ma audio mwachangu komanso moyenera.

Zolumikizira za SDI zimatha kutumiza ma siginecha a analogi komanso osakhazikika, kuwapanga kukhala chida chamtengo wapatali kwa mainjiniya owulutsa.

Nambala ya SDI yokwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kufalitsa kwa data kumakwera.

Mwachitsanzo, 4K single-link 12G SDI imathandizira kuthamanga mpaka 12 gigabits pamphindikati pomwe kulumikizana kwa 1080p single-link 3G SDI kumathandizira gigabits 3 pamphindikati.

Kudziwa zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kukuthandizani kusankha cholumikizira choyenera cha SDI pakukhazikitsa kwanu.

Ponseponse, ukadaulo wamawonekedwe amtundu wa digito wasintha mawayilesi apanthawiyo mwaukadaulo popereka ma siginecha odalirika patali ataliatali ndikutumiza mwachangu kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa kwake kosavuta komanso kugwira ntchito kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pomwe kusinthasintha kwake kumalola kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana monga ma studio apawailesi yakanema, mabwalo amasewera, mautumiki opembedzera kapena kuyika kwina kulikonse komwe kumafuna kutsatsira kwapamwamba komwe kumaperekedwa pamphezi. liwiro popanda latency kapena kutaya chizindikiro.

Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.