Softbox: Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Mumaigwiritsa Ntchito Liti?
Bokosi lofewa ndi mtundu wa zithunzi Kuunikira chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulira kuti apange kuwala kofewa, kosiyana.
Amapangidwa ndi mkati wonyezimira ndi kunja komwe kumagawanitsa kuwala ndikufalitsa mowonjezereka.
Ma Softboxes ndi otchuka chifukwa amapanga mosangalatsa, ngakhale kuyatsa kuposa magwero achindunji.
Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri kuwongolera mithunzi ndi zowunikira, pomwe amapereka kuwongolera bwino kwa kuwala.
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zigawo za softbox ndi pamene mungagwiritse ntchito imodzi.
Mu positi iyi tikambirana:
Tanthauzo
Bokosi lofewa ndi chida chodziwika bwino komanso chosunthika cha ojambula, ojambula makanema apakanema, ndi akatswiri amakanema. Zimakhala ndi mpanda wonga ambulera wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owunikira omwe amagawanitsa kuwala mu phunziroli. Kuwala kofewa kumeneku kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powunikira zithunzi, kujambula zinthu, kujambula makanema, ndi zina zambiri.
Mawu oti "softbox" amachokera ku luso lake lopanga gwero lowoneka ngati lofewa la kuwala kuposa nyali zopanda babu kapena maambulera ndi zida zina popanda chingwe chowunikira. Ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa, zogula kugula, kunyamula kusuntha mozungulira malo, kumapereka kukhazikitsidwa kwachangu kwa kuyatsa koyendetsedwa ndi zotsatira zokopa komanso njira zowongolera zowunikira monga ma gels okonza mitundu kapena ma gridi.
Nthawi zambiri pankhani ya kuunikira pali zinthu ziwiri: Kuchuluka (mphamvu) kwa kuwala komwe kumafika pamutu ndi mtundu wa kuwala komwe kumafika - bokosi lofewa limapanga kuphatikiza kothandiza kwambiri kwa zinthu ziwirizi popereka zonse zowunikira zowongoka bwino bwino. kupanga (pali mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe alipo). Ma Softboxes amabwera mosiyanasiyana makulidwe omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito malinga ndi zosowa zanu; mabokosi akuluakulu amapanga malo okhudzidwa kwambiri kusiyana ndi ang'onoang'ono omwe angakupatseni kuwunikira kwakukulu kwa madera ang'onoang'ono monga katundu kapena mawindo.
Mitundu ya Softboxes
Mitundu yoyambira ya ma softboxes ndi amakona anayi, mizere, octagonal ndi kuzungulira. Mabokosi ofewa amakona anayi ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa zinthu m'malo ojambulira zithunzi ndikupanga kuwala kofewa m'nyumba kapena kunja muzochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Ma strip softboxes kwenikweni ndi rectangle yogawidwa mopingasa m'mahalofu awiri ofanana. Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri pojambula mipando, zovala kapena zinthu zokhudzana ndi kuyatsa m'mbali kuti mutsindike mawonekedwe, mapindikidwe kapena mizere.
Mabokosi ofewa a Octagonal amapereka kuwala kowonjezereka pochepetsa komwe kumachokera kuwala komanso kuwongolera kuwala komwe kutha kulowa m'malo osafunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri pojambula zithunzi za zochitika kapena kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu ingapo pachithunzichi. Amagwiranso ntchito bwino pazojambula zamalonda akamajambula zinthu zowoneka ngati zodzikongoletsera kapena mawotchi omwe glare imatha kukhala vuto.
Mabokosi ofewa ozungulira (omwe amadziwikanso kuti mbale za kukongola) amapereka kuwala kwachindunji komanso kolunjika komwe kumagwira ntchito bwino pazithunzi ndipo kumakhala kwabwino kwambiri popanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono pojambula zithunzi monga zakudya kapena zodzikongoletsera.
Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Softbox
Bokosi lofewa ndi limodzi mwazosintha zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula. Ma Softboxes amapanga kuwala kofewa, kowoneka bwino komwe kuli koyenera kujambula situdiyo ndi zithunzi. Ndiwotchuka pakati pa zochitika ndi ukwati ojambula chifukwa luso kulenga mogwirizana ndi wokongola zotsatira. M'nkhaniyi, tidutsa ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito softbox.
Yofewa, ngakhale yopepuka
Ma Softboxes amapanga kuwala kowala chifukwa ali ndi zomangira kufalitsa zomwe zimafalitsa ndikufewetsa kuwala komwe kumakupatsani kuwala kokongola, ngakhale, kofewa. Ma Softboxes amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mukafuna kujambula ndikuwunikira mawonekedwe amutu wanu powongolera kuyatsa.
Ma Softboxes ndiabwino pojambula zithunzi chifukwa amapanga zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zimawoneka mwaukadaulo, zokhala ndi tsatanetsatane wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino. Satulutsa pafupifupi m'mbali zolimba kapena malo otentha m'mphepete mwa phunziro lanu, zomwe zimaloleza kuyang'ana bwino nkhope zawo. M'malo mongoyang'ana mbali imodzi yokha ya kuwala monga momwe magetsi ena angatulutsire, kutuluka kwa softbox kudzaphimba malo ochulukirapo pa nkhope ya mutu ndi kupereka magetsi ogawidwa mofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakupatsaninso mwayi kuti mufotokozere za kuchuluka komanso komwe mukufuna kuti kuyatsa kugwe komwe kuli koyenera kujambula zithunzi.
Yang'anirani njira yowunikira
Kugwiritsira ntchito softbox ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera ndikuwongolera kutuluka kwa kuwala pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi kuunikira kosalekeza ndi machitidwe a flash. Bokosi lofewa, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti octabox kapena lalikulu chosinkhasinkha, ndi chithunzi chosinthira kuwala chopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe amakona ngati bokosi komanso cholumikizira mkati. Zinthu zazikuluzikuluzi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zithandizire kuwunikira kofanana, kowoneka mwachilengedwe kwazithunzi ndi zithunzi zina zomwe zimafunikira kuwala kofewa kolowera.
Mbali zinayi za bokosi lofewa likhoza kusinthidwa paokha pozungulira chotchinga chachikulu chakutsogolo, kukuthandizani kuti muzitha kuphimba mochulukira mkati mwa diffuser. Kukula kwa chosinthiracho kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa malo omwe angatseke (kuyambira pazithunzi mpaka pazithunzi za thupi lonse) ndikusunga zotsatira zofananira. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, kuwala kochokera ku softbox nakonso kumakhala kochulukirapo kuposa komwe mungapeze kuchokera ku ambulera. Makoma ozungulira cholumikizira chamkati amathandizira kuwunikira kwanu pamutu wanu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutayikira - zomwe zimachepetsa kutayika kulikonse komwe kungatheke pakuwonekera kwanu.
Ma Softboxes amabwera mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mphamvu zake ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kupindika komanso kunyamulika kwa owombera pamalopo. Ndi chida ichi, mumatha kuwongolera kutentha kwamtundu (posintha mababu kapena mapanelo), chiŵerengero chosiyanitsa (posintha malo omwe mumaphimba), mayendedwe (pozungulira molingana) ndi zina zambiri - zonse zimapangidwira kuti zisamawoneke bwino popereka. mumatha kuwongolera njira yowunikira pamasomphenya aliwonse opanga.
Kuyamba ndi zolemba zanu zoyimitsa nkhani
Lembetsani ku kalata yathu yamakalata ndikutsitsa kwaulere ndi zolemba zitatu. Yambani ndikupangitsa nkhani zanu kukhala zamoyo!
Tidzangogwiritsa ntchito imelo yanu kutsamba lathu ndikulemekeza lanu zachinsinsi
Pangani mawonekedwe achilengedwe
Kuwala kumatha kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga zithunzi zama studio. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, bokosi lofewa lingakuthandizeni kupanga maonekedwe achilengedwe popanda kudandaula za mithunzi yowopsya kapena zosafunika.
Bokosi lofewa ndi gawo lounikira lochita kupanga lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mbali zinayi zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zoyatsira. M'mbali mwake mumapindana pamodzi ndikuyika pa nyali, zomwe zimapatsa kuwalako chipolopolo chakunja - monga bokosi kapena hema. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapanga kuwala kokongola, kofewa komwe kumatengera kuwala kwazenera kwachilengedwe kapena kuwala kwakunja.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zosinthazi kumapanga kuwala kosalala, kowoneka bwino komwe kumachotsa mbali zolimba komanso mithunzi yoyipa yamitundu yambiri ya zithunzi kuphatikiza zithunzi, kujambula kwazinthu, kujambula moyo ndi makanema. Ma Softboxes amabwera mosiyanasiyana kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka akuluakulu kutengera mtundu wa mawonekedwe omwe mukujambula muzojambula zanu komanso kukula kwa zinthu zomwe mukuwombera.
Ntchito zina zodziwika bwino pabokosi lofewa ndi izi: kujambula zithunzi; kukongola & kukongola kujambula; kujambula kwazinthu; kufotokoza kwa moyo wonse; kujambula chakudya; kapangidwe ka mkati & zithunzi zomanga ndi makanema. Ma Softboxes ndi othandizanso pojambula zinthu zazikulu monga magalimoto kapena malo ozungulira chifukwa amapereka kufalikira kolamulirika kuposa nyali wamba.
Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Softbox
Kujambula kungakhale gawo lachinyengo la kupanga mafilimu, ndipo chimodzi mwa zidule za malonda ndikumvetsetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito bokosi losavuta. Bokosi lofewa ndi mtundu wa zowongolera zowunikira zomwe zimasintha mtundu wa kuwala, kufalikira ndikuwongolera kuti ziwonekere. Ma Softboxes atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambulira, kuyambira kujambula kwazinthu mpaka kujambula zithunzi. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zingapo za nthawi ndi chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito softbox.
Kujambula Zithunzi
Kujambula zithunzi ndi chizolowezi chojambula ndi kupanga zithunzi za munthu kapena gulu. Zimaphatikizapo kuwombera pamutu, zithunzi zabanja, zithunzi zapamwamba, zojambula za amayi ndi zina. Pakujambula zithunzi, kuunikira ndikofunikira kuti atulutse mawu ofunda ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope ya munthu komanso kupanga zowunikira zowoneka bwino m'maso mwake. Ma Softboxes ndi amodzi mwamawu owunikira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula zithunzi zabwino kwambiri chifukwa amapereka kuwala kofewa komwe kumatha kusinthidwa kuti kugwirizane ndi zosowa za wojambula aliyense.
Bokosi lofewa limangokhala bokosi loyatsira kuwala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunikira maphunziro pazithunzi ndi ntchito zapafupi. Ma Softboxes nthawi zambiri amakhala masikweya kapena amakona anayi ndipo amakhala ndi bokosi lotseguka lomwe lili ndi makoma amodzi kapena angapo amkati opangidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika - nthawi zambiri nsalu yoyera ngati nayiloni kapena muslin. Kuwala kumafewetsa kuwala kochokera ku babu kapena kung'anima, kupanga mithunzi yofewa komanso kufalikira kwa kuwala pamutuwu - zabwino kuchotsa mizere yoyipa. Amakhalanso ndi mipata yosinthika kuti muwongolere kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe mukufuna kuti bokosi lanu la softbox litulutse kuti mutsimikizire kuti mumapeza kuchuluka koyenera nthawi iliyonse.
Ma Softboxes ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zojambulira zithunzi chifukwa chosavuta kusintha pomwe akupereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri nthawi iliyonse mukazigwiritsa ntchito. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba pawokha ngati kuwala kwachilengedwe m'malo mwazowunikira zachikhalidwe kapena panja ngati kuwala kowonjezera kophatikizana ndi magwero adzuwa omwe alipo. Ojambula amathanso kuzigwiritsa ntchito pafupi ndi mitu yawo kuti apange zinthu zapadera monga kuwonjezera zowunikira m'maso mwa anthu powombera panja popanda magetsi a studio. Kuphatikiza apo, ma softboxes ndi zida zosunthika kwambiri zomwe zili zoyenera kwamitundu yonse yojambulira zithunzi; nthawi zonse adzapeza zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyandikira pafupi komanso kuwombera thupi lonse!
Zithunzi Zogulitsa
Kujambula kwazinthu ndi ntchito yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito softbox. Zogulitsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zonyezimira komanso zonyezimira, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwombera ngakhale mutakhazikitsa mwatsatanetsatane nyali zingapo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito softbox, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati mukufuna kuwala kofewa kuchokera kugwero lalikulu kapena kolimba kochokera kugwero laling'ono. Chisankhochi chimadalira maonekedwe ndi zotsatira zomwe mukuyesera kukwaniritsa-kuchokera m'mbali zosawoneka bwino ndi mizere yosalala kuti muwonere malonda (kuwala kofewa) kupita kuzinthu zovuta, zodziwika bwino za malonda (kuwala kolimba).
Kuyatsa kwachindunji kwa mafakitale kumawunikira tsatanetsatane wa chinthu ndipo kumawoneka bwino pazotsatsa zamalonda. Ma Softboxes amatha kupanga zithunzi zowoneka bwino zomwe zimawonjezera kukula ndi kuya - kwinaku akuchotsa mithunzi yoyipa - kuti azitha kujambula bwino pamabizinesi onse, mawonekedwe, makulidwe ndi malonda. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa zodzikongoletsera, zinthu zam'mwamba kapena zovala, kupanga mithunzi yolumikizana mozungulira zinthu kumapangitsa kukula pochotsa mawanga athyathyathya omwe amachititsidwa ndi kuyatsa kowongoka kapena kunyezimira kwachipinda. Kuwongoleranso kwamphamvu koma kosinthika pazowoneka bwino ndikusintha zowunikira kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga zithunzi zowunikira mwaukadaulo zomaliza bwino zomwe zimawonekera pampikisano.
Kujambula Chakudya
Kujambula kwazakudya ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri pabokosi lofewa. Mosiyana ndi maphunziro ena, kuwombera chakudya kumakhala ndi zosowa zapadera zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzikwaniritsa ndi njira zachikhalidwe zowunikira. Ndi bokosi lofewa, mutha kuyatsa mozungulira mbale ndikuwonjezera mithunzi yowoneka bwino ngati mukufuna. Ma Softboxes amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolo kwa ayisikilimu ndi zinthu zina zoziziritsa kukhosi kuti zisasungunuke panthawi yowombera.
Ma Softboxes ndi othandiza makamaka powombera chakudya chakumbuyo koyera kapena kuwombera pafupi. Amapereka mithunzi yosalala komanso yowala, ngakhale kuwala komwe kumapangitsa kuti mitundu ituluke muzinthu zomwe zili m'mbale. Palibenso hotspot - kutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala malo okwera kwambiri omwe angawotche tsatanetsatane wazinthu zina za mbale yanu. Kugwira ntchito ndi zosakaniza monga zitsamba ndi tchizi kungakhalenso kosavuta chifukwa mithunzi idzakhala yosalala popanda malo otentha omwe amatha kuchotsa zambiri ndi kuwala kowonjezereka ndi mababu.
Akatswiri ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi osavuta m'mbali mwa mbale, kwinaku akugwiritsa ntchito khadi yowunikira pansi kuti muwongolere mowonjezereka kuchokera pansi ndi mitundu yosiyana m'mawonekedwe awo omaliza omwe amakhala m'mawonekedwe olemera achilengedwe omwe amafunidwa pojambula chakudya m'nyumba kapena panja pa kamera. mapangidwe a flash.
Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Softbox
Nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa ngati maambulera, mabokosi ofewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula powonjezera kuyatsa kowongolera kwazithunzi ndi kujambula kwazinthu. Ndikoyenera kwa wojambula aliyense wamkulu yemwe akufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pazotsatira za magawo awo owombera. Ma Softboxes amapereka zabwino zambiri, monga kugawa ngakhale kuwala, kusinthasintha kwa kuwala kosiyana, komanso kusuntha. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito softbox.
Kuyika Softbox
Kukula ndi mawonekedwe a softboxes adzasiyana, kotero muyenera kuganizira momwe bokosilo liyenera kuyang'ana pa mutu wanu poyiyika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi chithunzi kapena kuwombera zinthu, mungafune kuyika bokosi lofewa pamwamba pa mutu wanu kuti mupange kuwala ngakhale pankhope zawo.
Mutha kukonzanso zowunikira poyika bokosi pakona; Kuti kuwala kukhale kolunjika kwambiri, ikani bokosi lofewa mmwamba ndi pafupi ndi mutu wanu. Kuyandikira kumayandikira, kuwala kofewa komanso kolunjika kumawonekera pa chinthu.
Pojambula anthu, dziwani kuti mabokosi akulu omwe aikidwa pafupi kwambiri amatha kutulutsa mithunzi yoyipa kuchokera m'mphuno ndi m'maso kupita kumasaya awo. Pofuna kuthana ndi chodabwitsa ichi - chomwe chimatchedwanso "maso a raccoon" - yesani kubweretsa bokosi kutali ndi iwo kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwake kuti mithunzi yochepa iwonongeke.
Kusintha Kuwala Kwambiri
Kusintha kuwala kwa softbox ndikofulumira komanso kosavuta. Kutsegula kwa gulu lakutsogolo kuyenera kusinthidwa poyamba kuti alamulire kutuluka kwa kuwala; Izi zitha kukhala zotseguka kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbendera kapena mapanelo owongolera kuwala kuti muwone komwe kuwala kumatuluka komanso kuchuluka kwake, kutengera mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Kuonjezera apo, mukhoza kusintha mphamvu ya kuwala kwanu posintha mtunda pakati pa bokosi lanu la softbox ndi mutu wanu - kusiyana kudzawonjezeka pamene kuyandikira, ndipo kudzachepa ngati kuli kutali. Mungafunike kusintha zinthu zonse ziwiri kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe enieni omwe mukufuna. Mukamaliza kusintha zonse ziwiri, jambulani zoyeserera kuti muwone ngati mukufunika kusintha zina musanasamukire kumalo ena.
Kukhazikitsa Zoyera Zoyenera
Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi bokosi lanu la softbox ndikupanga chithunzithunzi chabwino kwambiri, muyenera kukhazikitsa zoyera zoyera. White balance ndi njira yomwe imasintha mtundu wonse wa chithunzi mwa kulinganiza kuchuluka kwa mtundu uliwonse pagawo linalake la kuwala. Mu kujambula kwa digito, kuyika zoyera kumatsimikizira kuti zithunzi zanu ndi zoona m'moyo osati kutentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri.
Pogwira ntchito ndi softbox, muyenera kuyika malire oyera m'njira ziwiri zosiyana malingana ndi momwe mukukonzekera kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito strobes ndi softbox yanu, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuti muyike bwino lanu loyera pamanja potengera mtundu wa kuwala komwe mukugwiritsa ntchito. Ngati mukuwombera kuwala kwachilengedwe kudzera mubokosi lanu lofewa ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe oyera oyera.
Zokonda pamanja: Mukamagwira ntchito ndi kuyatsa kwa strobe, ndikofunikira kusintha pamanja mawonekedwe oyera a kamera yanu potengera mtundu wa magetsi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti poyang'ana ma shoti osiyanasiyana, palibe kusintha kowonekera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha kwa mtundu pakati pa ma shoti. Kuti muchite izi molondola, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe strobe iliyonse ilili ndi mtundu wake wowerengera kutentha kotero kuti zosintha zoyenera zitha kupangidwa molingana ndi kuwombera kulikonse ndi kukhazikitsa.
Zokonda Pagalimoto: Mukamawombera kuwala kwachilengedwe kuchokera mubokosi lofewa, Auto WB nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira chifukwa kuwala kwa masana kumapereka kutentha kosasinthasintha kwamitundu ndipo sikusiyana kwambiri ndi chithunzi ndi chithunzi mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwachilengedwe kokha pakuwunikira kamodzi. Komabe, zingakhalebe zopindulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zoikamo pamanja ngati zinthu zikukhala zosayembekezereka kapena kusintha kwambiri chifukwa zosintha pamanja zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera komanso kusanja matani angapo pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yowunikira monga kuwala kwadzuwa kosakanikirana ndi thambo la mitambo kapena tungsten wosakanikirana ndi fulorosenti. mababu akuponya mithunzi kudera ndi zina…
Kutsiliza
Pomaliza, softbox ndi chida chojambulira chosinthika kwambiri chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana ojambulira. Kaya mukuwombera mu situdiyo, pamalo kapena panja, kuwonjezera bokosi lofewa pamndandanda wa zida zanu zojambulira kungakuthandizeni kupanga zithunzi zokongola, zopatsa chidwi ndikuwongolera bwino kuwala ndi mithunzi.
Ma Softboxes amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pojambula zithunzi, komabe amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zinthu mu studio kapena zojambulajambula zapanyumba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mtunda ndi malo a bokosi lanu lofewa polemekeza mutu wanu mukhoza kusintha mtundu wa kuwala malinga ndi zosowa zanu. Pomaliza, musaiwale kuganizira zowunikira zothamanga ndi zosintha zina zonyamula posankha ma softbox owombera - zitha kukhala zothandiza kutengera zomwe mukuyesera kukwaniritsa.
Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.
