Computer Keyboard: Chii Uye Inoshanda Sei?

by kim Updated: June 26, 2022

Iyo keyboard yekombuta chinhu chakakosha chekombuta chero ipi zvayo uye chinoshandiswa kudyidzana nemuchina kuitira kuita mabasa. Iyo inoumbwa nemakiyi akati wandei uye mabhatani, mamwe acho ane hunyanzvi mabasa. Iyo keyboard inoshandiswa kunyora mumirairo uye data uye inowanzoperekedzwa nembeva kana trackpad.

Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa pane anatomy ye keyboard uye kuti inoshanda sei.

Chii chinonzi computer keyboard?

Kiibhodhi yekombuta chinhu chinopinza chinoshandiswa kutaipa mavara, manhamba, uye zvimwe zviratidzo mukombuta. Inowanzo kuve nemitsara yakati wandei yemakiyi akaiswa pamusoro pemumwe, aine mabasa akasiyana pakiyi yega yega. Keyboard marongero anosiyana pakati peanoshanda masisitimu akasiyana nenyika. Kutaipa pakhibhodi yekombuta kunogona kukubatsira kuchengetedza nguva nekukurumidza kuisa mirairo kana data mumudziyo wako.

Makombuta keyboards anonyanya kuenderana nemarongedzero evanodhinda navo asi zvakare ane makiyi ekuwedzera emabasa akakosha. Ivowo variwo zvavo ergonomically yakagadzirwa kuve nechokwadi kutaipa kwakasununguka kwenguva yakareba. Makiyibhodhi mazhinji anowanikwawo shortcuts kana mabhatani akasarudzika emabasa akajairwa ebasa sekuvhura mamwe mapeji ewebhu kana maapplication. Pamusoro pezvo, makiyi anogona kusiyana muhukuru kubatsira vataipa nekutsvaga mavara chaiwo nekukurumidza uye nemazvo. Mamwe makiyibhodhi anotovawo customizable mwenje sarudzo iyo inobvumira vashandisi kugadzirisa iyo backlighting color scheme zvinoenderana nezvavanofarira.

Mhando dzemakombuta keyboards

Makombuta kiibhodhi anouya mune zvakawanda zvimiro uye saizi; zvisinei, mashoma akajairika kiibhodhi mhando dziripo. Zvichienderana nechinangwa chekombuta yako uye basa raunoda kuti iite, mhando yega yega yekhibhodi ichaenderana nezvaunoda zvakasiyana.

• Membrane keyboards: Aya makiyibhodhi ane flat, rabha pamusoro pezasi makiyi uye anoshandisa membrane switch kunyoresa makiyi makiyi. Nepo iwo achiwanzo kudhura uye ari nyore kuchenesa / kutsiva, iwo anowanzo kuve asina tactile kupfuura mamwe marudzi emakiyibhodhi.
• Zvokuimba keyboards: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita ravo, aya anoshandisa machikichi emuchina pasi pechivharo chega chega chekunzwa chinodavirwa kana uchinyora kana kutamba. Nekuda kweiyi nhanho yakawedzerwa yemhando, mhando idzi dzinowanzo kudhura kupfuura mamembrane modhi asi inopa yakagadziridzwa mushandisi ruzivo kune avo vanokoshesa chokwadi kana vachishanda kana kutamba.
• Wireless keyboards: Wireless kana "Bluetooth" makiyibhodhi anovimba nemasaisai eredhiyo kwete tambo dzekubatanidza nemakomputa kana zvimwewo. Ivo vanowanzove vasina waya-chete asi iwe unogona kazhinji kusarudza plug mune isina waya USB inogamuchira kana uchida. Aya masitayipi anotendera iwe kuvandudza kufamba sezvo pasina waya dzinodiwa - yakanakira nzvimbo dzebasa dziri kure!
• Ergonomic keyboards: Aya madhizaini akakosha ane curved makiyi marongero anopa rumwe rutsigiro rwemaoko ako uchitaipa - kubatsira kuderedza njodzi yecarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Mamwe ma ergonomic modhi anouyawo aine makiyi akaparadzana kuitira kuti iwe ugone kunyora nekukurumidza nezvikanganiso zvishoma nekuda kwekuiswa kwemunwe zvisirizvo pamusoro pemakiyi akakura - achivaita zvakanyanya kunaka kune. bata kutaipa vachitsvaga nekukurumidza uye kugadzika zvakanyanya kutaipa zvikamu.

Anatomy yeComputer Keyboard

Kunzwisisa anatomy yekombuta keyboard kwakakosha kugona hunyanzvi hwekutaipa uye kuve nehunyanzvi nemapfupi ekhibhodi. Semudziyo wekutanga wekupinza wekombuta, kiyibhodhi inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye mabasa anobvumira kupinda kwedata.

Muchikamu chino, tichaongorora anatomy yekombuta keyboard uye kurukura kuti chikamu chega chega chinoshanda sei kufambisa kupinza data:

Marongerwo ekhibhodi

Iyo yakajairwa komputa kiibhodhi marongero ane 104 makiyi. Iyo marongerwo, inozivikanwa se QWERTY, inotora zita rayo kubva kumakiyi matanhatu ekutanga ari kumusoro kuruboshwe rwekona yekhibhodi. Yakagadzirwa muna 1873 naChristopher Sholes uye ine mavara uye akakosha mavara anonyanya kushandiswa mukunyora.

A keypad inomiswa kudivi rekurudyi pakuverenga, pamwe ne pinda kiyi yekutumira ruzivo. Kune zvakare a nhamba keypad kuruboshwe ne makiyi enhamba kushandiswa pakuverenga kana kuisa data muzvirongwa kana maapplication akaita seMicrosoft Excel kana Shoko.

Mamwe makiyi akajairika anosanganisira F1 kusvika F12 izvo zvinowanikwa mumutsara wepamusoro. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa kuwana mapfupi uye mirairo mukati memapurogiramu akadai Print Screen uye Save As. A Caps kukiya kiyi inosanganisirwa iyo inobvumira mavara akataipa kuti aoneke mumakapisi ese pachinzvimbo chemavara madiki kusvika Caps Lock yadzimwa. Alt (imwe nzira) uye Ctrl (kutonga) makiyi anopa mamwe mapfupi-mapfupi sarudzo kana asanganiswa nemamwe makiyi ebasa ari pedyo nawo.

The Arrow Keys rara pazasi makiyi ebasa uye bvumidza kufamba kumusoro, pasi, kuruboshwe, kana kurudyi kana mamwe mabasa achida. A Space Bhawa inopa nzvimbo pakati pemazwi paunenge uchitaipa; back space inodzima mavara kuruboshwe rwechituri; Tab inosimudzira cursor mberi nhamba yakatarwa yenzvimbo; Insert uye Kudzima bvisa kana kuwedzera zvinyorwa zvichiteerana; Return anogamuchira zvinenge zvataipa asati aenderera mberi pane mumwe mutsetse; kupunyuka inovhara mahwindo kana kumbomira mapurogiramu; Windows makiyi anowanzo kuwanikwa kune chero kumagumo uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuvhura zvakasarudzwa menyu zvinhu kana zvadzvanywa panguva imwe chete nemamwe mabhatani akadai. R (run command).

Mhando dzakakosha

Kana zvasvika kumakombuta keyboards, makiyi anogona kukamurwazve muzvikamu zvichienderana nechinangwa chavo uye kushanda. Kune anowanzo XNUMX mhando dzakakosha idzo imwe neimwe ine mabasa akasiyana, akanyorwa pazasi:

• Alphanumeric Keys: Aya anomiririra mavara ealfabheti pamwe nenhamba. Aya ndiwo makiyi anonyanyozivikanwa anowanikwa pakiibhodhi yekombuta uye anosanganisira mavara ese echiRungu pamwe chete nenhamba, makiyi ekunyora uye makiyi ezviratidzo.
• Basa Kwenyika: Iwo gumi nemaviri makiyi ebasa ari pamusoro peiyo yakajairwa komputa keyboard anogona kushandiswa nemakiyi akasanganiswa (uchishandisa Dzora [Ctrl], Alt [Alt] kana Shift [Shift] mabhatani) kuitira kuti vakwanise kuita mabasa mazhinji neruoko rumwe, sekuvhura kana kuvhara application kana kufamba pakati peribhoni tab muzvirongwa zveMicrosoft Office.
• Special Function Keys: Aya anonyanya kushandiswa kuita mamwe mabasa mukati mekushandisa, uye anosiyana zvichienderana nekuti chirongwa chipi chiri kushandiswa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Kudzora+C (Copy), Kudzora+X (Cheka) uye Kudzora+V (Namira). Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve izvo chaiwo makiyi anoita kana uchishanda muzvirongwa zvakasiyana, tarisa menyu yekubatsira yechirongwa chako kune yakatsaurirwa makiyi makiyi mirairo.
• Navigation & Command Keys: Makiyi ekufambisa anosanganisira makiyi emiseve ayo anotendera iwe kufambisa chituru kutenderedza gwaro zviri nyore; Emba uye Ekupedzisira Makiyi ayo anotendera iwe kuti nekukurumidza usvike pakutanga kana kumagumo kwemutsara; Insert Key inokubatsira kuisa mavara pamberi pemavara aripo; Peji Kumusoro uye Peji Pazasi Makiyi anokubatsira kukwenya kumusoro & pasi nekukurumidza panguva Command kana Windows Keys inokutendera iwe kuti uwane menyu & mamwe maficha echishandiso nekukurumidza nekuwana mamenu kuburikidza nemapfupi makiyi masanganiswa akadai Alt+F4 Kusiya Chikumbiro kana Chirongwa etc.

Keyboard switch

Makombuta keyboards ine mazana emagetsi madiki anochinja kana adzvanywa kutumira chiratidzo kukombuta. Kiyi yega yega inoiswa pane chitubu-yakarodha switch, kana ikadzvanywa inokonzeresa chiratidzo chinogona kutorwa neanodzora system. Mazhinji kiibhodhi anoshandisa rubber domes kana mechanical switches kunyoresa kiyi yega yega, iyo yekupedzisira ichinyanya kufarirwa pakati pevatambi nekuda kwekukurumidza kwavo nguva yekupindura uye kusimba kwakanyanya.

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yekhibhodi switch ndeye membrane switch, iyo inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri zvemagetsi ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaparadzaniswa ne insulator material. Kana kiyi ikatsikirirwa pasi, inosaidzira plunger pasi padenga repamusoro zvichikonzera kusangana kwemagetsi pakati pematanho maviri ekuitisa uye kumisa chiratidzo che switch.

Zvekare, mamwe ma switch anoshandiswa mune mamwe epamusoro-magumo emitambo kiyibhodhi ndiwo mechanical switch uye electromechanical switches se Capacitance sensing switch (CMOS) or magneto-resistive Switch (MR). Mechanical switches inoda simba rakawanda kudzvanya pane echinyakare rabha dome makiyi asi anopa zvirinani tactile mhinduro kana yakamiswa pamwe nekusimba kukuru nekuda kwesimba uye rakavimbika rekuita zvitubu zvakavakwa mukati mazvo. Electromechanical keyboard inochinja pfungwa kudzvinyirirwa pamagetsi kusiyana nekuonana kwakanangana nemuviri saka ichipa kukurumidza kutaipa kumhanyisa nekunyatsoita pasina muripo wehupenyu hwebhatani.

Ko Computer Keyboard Inoshanda Sei?

Makombuta keyboards ndechimwe chezvishandiso zvinonyanya kushandiswa pamakomputa. Iwo anoshandiswa kuisa mavara, manhamba uye mamwe mavara akakosha mukombuta system. Asi ivo vanoshanda sei chaizvo? Munyaya ino, tichatarisa kuti keyboard yekombuta inoshanda sei uye kuti inoita sei kushandisa komputa kuve nyore.

Keyboard scanning

Keyboard scanning ndiyo nzira yekukurukurirana pakati pekhibhodi yekombuta uye processor huru yekombuta. Kuongorora kunoshanda seizvi: kana kiyi yakadzvanywa paibhodhi, inotumira chiratidzo chemagetsi kuburikidza nenzvimbo yekubata kusvika pasi pebhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa (PCB). Chiratidzo chinobva chaita switch inokonzeresa H-bhiriji wedunhu, iyo inobva yaudza mutungamiriri wekhibhodi uye main komputa CPU kiyi iri kudzvanywa.

Iyo yepasi tekinoroji kuseri kwe keyboard scanning inozivikanwa se matrix coding. Matrix coding inosanganisira kubatanidza akasiyana madhijitari pamativi maviri-dimensional grid patani kana matrix kugadzira masaini akasiyana ega ega kiyi. Kune maviri emhando mhando dzematrix coding - kunanga asi paviri or matrix ane kero yakananga. Kunanga asi paviri paviri kunosanganisira kubatanidza munhu mumwe nemumwe kuita vaviri vaviri, nepo kutaura kwakananga kunoda kuonekwa kushoma nekuda kwekureruka kwayo.

Pakutsikirira kwese kwekiyi chero ipi zvayo, mapoinzi mana muzviuru anofanira kuwanikwa kuti paonekwe kuti kiyi ipi yakadzvanywa. Zvikwangwani zvinotumirwa pamwe newaya ina kubva mumutsara-chaiwo uye makoramu-chaiwo mapini kuitira kuti uone kuti ndeupi musanganiswa wakanyoreswa neCPU, ichipedzisa hurongwa hwekuongorora kweiyo imwechete-kiyi yekutsikirira - isati yatanga patsva kana rimwe bhatani rakatsikirirwa pasi.

Key press kuona

Makombuta keyboards shandisa kiyi yekuona tekinoroji kuona kana makiyi adzvanywa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa nhamba yezvikamu zvezvikamu izvo zvose zvinoshanda pamwechete.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndeye chinja munhu pasi pekiyi imwe neimwe pakiibhodhi. Kana kiyi ichidzvanywa, switch iyi inotumira chiratidzo chemagetsi kubhodhi redunhu guru mubhokisi, iro rinozodzosera kune komputa pachayo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, inonyoresa seyekupinda kubva kukhibhodi yako pese paunonyora chimwe chinhu kana kuita mamwe makiyi makiyi.

Maswichi ari pasi pemakiyi akagadzirwa kuti agare mamiriyoni emichina, kuve nechokwadi chekuti keyboard yako icharamba yakarurama uye yakasimba kwemakore akawanda ari kuuya. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuchinja kunoshandiswa, seti yakapihwa yekiyi inogona kuda mazinga akasiyana ekumanikidza kana kufamba usati watumira chiratidzo chemagetsi; semuenzaniso, mamwe ma switch anotendera:

• madaro mapfupi ekufamba uye zvinoda dzvinyiriro shoma kupfuura zvinoita vamwe.
• Nekuinjiniya idzi switch mumhando dzakasiyana dzekiyibhodhi, vagadziri vanogona kugadzira mamwe-saizi kiyibhodhi akakodzera kune zvese kubva kumitambo kuenda kubasa rehofisi.

Keyboard kutaurirana

Maitiro anobvumira kiibhodhi kutaurirana nekombuta yakaoma uye inosanganisira akawanda mazvikamu. Pakureruka kwayo, iyo keyboard yakabatana kune yakaparadzana controller board inoshandura masaini kuita data inoverengwa. Iyo data inozotumirwa kuburikidza neimwe yeakati wandei yakatsaurwa tambo mhando (kazhinji kana PS/2 kana USB) kumakombuta, kwainogadziriswa uye kuitwa.

Mabhatani enyama anodzvanya anomutsa switch yemagetsi inonzi a membrane switch. Iyi switch inosungirirwa kune maviri masheti anochinjika akaparadzaniswa nediki spacers. Kana kudzvinyirirwa kubva kune kiyi yekutsikirira kunoshandiswa, iyo yepamusoro flexible sheet inosangana neyechipiri pepa pazasi payo, iyo inotumira chiratidzo chemagetsi kune controller board mukati meiyo keyboard body. Iri bhodhi rekutonga rinogashira ruzivo rwekuti kiyi yakadzvanywa yobva yaisa makiyi ega ega mua scan code iyo inoenderana nenzvimbo yayo pane kiibhodhi. Iyo inokonzeresa scan code inogona kupedzisira yashandurirwa kuita zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka nemuchina wekuraira kodhi inotumirwa kuburikidza ne USB kana PS/2 ports kuitira kuti kunyora kwako kana mirairo yemitambo iratidzike pachiratidziro chako.

Chimwe chikamu chemazuva ano keyboards chinosanganisira backlighting teknolojia yekushandiswa kwehusiku kana kuratidza makiyi mumitambo yemitambo. Magetsi e LED anoiswa pasi pemakiyi chaiwo uye anogona kudzimwa uye zvichibva nekuti imwenje wakadii waungade maererano nechiratidziro chikuru pachayo.

Zvakanakira Kushandisa Kombuta Keyboard

Makombuta keyboards ipa nzira iri nyore yekunyora pakombuta. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti hupenyu hwemushandisi huve nyore nekupa makiyi ekudimbudzira, ergonomic dhizaini, uye inokurumidza yemunwe mhinduro nguva. Pamusoro pezvo, makiyibhodhi anochinja-chinja uye anogona kushandiswa kune akasiyana maapplication, akadai sekunyora magwaro, kugadzira mharidzo, uye kutonga mitambo yemavhidhiyo.

Ngationgororei iyo zvakanakira kushandisa kiibhodhi yekombuta:

Kuwedzera kwekubudirira

Kushandiswa kwekombuta keyboard inogona kuwedzera kubereka zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvakawanda. Kiyibhodhi yekombuta chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuisa mavara mukombuta kana chimwe chigadziri, senge laptop kana piritsi. Iyo inowanzo ine makiyi akarongwa mumitsara pane rectangular base uye inobvumira vashandisi kuisa data nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.

Sezvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzekiyibhodhi, dzakadai sekiyibhodhi uye makiyibhodhi e-touchscreen, kiibhodhi yekombuta inogona kubatsira kuwedzera kugadzirwa nekubvumira. kukurumidza kutaipa kumhanya uchidzikisa zvikanganiso. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanopa mukana kune akasiyana marudzi ezvipfupi uye mabasa asiri kuwanikwa nemamwe mafomu e keyboarding. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune yakanyatsoshanda yekupinda data, iyo inogona kuchengetedza nguva yemushandisi.

Uyezve, mamwe makiyibhodhi emakombuta anouya akashongedzerwa nerudungwe rwemakiyi akakosha akagadzirirwa chinangwa chaicho. Somuenzaniso, the "pinza" kiyi inobvumira mushandisi kuisa mavara muzvinyorwa zviripo pasina kuinyora. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune avo vanoda kugara vachigadzirisa kana kuwedzera ruzivo rutsva mukati metambo dziripo dzezvinyorwa kana kuita mamwe mabasa akafanana anoda kurongeka nekukurumidza.

Chekupedzisira, makiyibhodhi emazuva ano anowanzo ane mamwe maficha akadai multimedia key izvo zvinobvumira kukurumidza kuwana kune mamwe maapplication kana mabasa (kureva, kunyarara inzwi). Izvi zvinobatsira vashandisi kuita mirairo chaiyo vasina kubvisa maoko avo pakhibhodi yavo uye kuwedzera kugona kwavo kwese kana vachishanda nemaapplication akaita semapurogiramu ekugadzirisa mazwi uye vatambi vekuteerera.

Kururamisa kwakawedzerwa

Kushandisa a computer keyboard inogona kuva nzira huru yekuvandudza kutaipa kurongeka nekubudirira. Iko kugona kukurumidza kuisa data uye mirairo pasina kubvisa maziso ako pabasa riripo kunogona kukubatsira kufamba zvakanaka. Nekushandisa a ergonomic kiibhodhi, pane ngozi shoma yekukanganisa, sezvo makiyi ari nyore kusvika uye akanyorwa muhurongwa hunonzwisisika. Iyo chokwadi chekuti zvinokwanisika kutaipa zvinyorwa nekukurumidza zvakare inoderedza zvikanganiso nekuda kwekuramba uchiverengazve zvinhu zvechokwadi kana typos.

Pamusoro pezvo, neakasarudzika kiyibhodhi ayo anoratidza makiyi echiratidzo kana masvomhu notation yekuronga pane chaiwo maapplication esoftware, kurongeka kunogona kuvandudzwa mumabasa aya.

Yakavandudzwa ergonomics

Kuvapo kwekombuta kiibhodhi inobvumira vashandisi kuderedza kunetseka pamaoko avo, maoko uye dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Sezvo ruoko rwemunhu rusina kujaira kuita kuti zvigunwe zvipararire zvakaparadzana nguva dzese - sezvazvingave kana uchishandisa mbeva kana touchpad - kuva nekhibhodi kunoita kuti zvive nyore uye zvakanyanya kugadzikana kune mushandisi. Nekhibhodi, vashandisi vanogona kunyora nemaoko avo mune a chinzvimbo (kureva kuti, kusanyanya kukotama) nekuti kiyi yega yega inoda simba shoma rekudzvanya pane mabhatani mazhinji. Nenzira iyi, mawoko neminwe zvinoiswa pasi pesimba shoma uye kudzvanywa izvo zvinogona kuderedza njodzi yekuvandudza mamiriro akadai Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or Kudzokorora Kushungurudzwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, makiyibhodhi anowanzo kupa zvinogadziriswa makumbo anomira izvo zvinoita kuti mushandisi agadzirise kona yebasa ravo rekushanda kuti atonyanya kugadzikana. ergonomics.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, iyo computer keyboard chinhu chakakosha chemushandisi wemushandisi wekombuta, uye kunzwisisa kuti inoshanda sei inhanho yekutanga pakuva mushandisi ane ruzivo. Nekunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzekiyibhodhi dziripo, dhizaini yavo yekutanga uye mashandiro, uye matipi ekuchengetedza yekuvachengeta vari muchimiro chakanaka, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwekombuta yako runonakirwa sezvinobvira.

Hazvina mhosva kuti imhando ipi yekhibhodi yauri kushandisa, kuve nekunzwisisa kwakajeka kwekushanda kwayo uye zvikamu zvinovimbisa kuti uri kutora mukana wakazara weese maficha aripo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuita nguva dzose kugadzirisa pane keyboard yako kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwayo uye kuve nechokwadi kuti inoramba ichishanda nemazvo.

Mhoroi, ndini Kim, amai uye munhu anofarira zvekumira-famba ane ruzivo mukugadzira midhiya nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu. Ndine chido chikuru chekudhirowa uye mifananidzo, uye ikozvino ndiri kunyura nemusoro munyika yekumira-kufamba. Neblog rangu, ndiri kugovera zvandinodzidza nemi varume.