Malenzi: Ndeapi Emakamera Uye Ndeapi Mhando Aripo?

by kim Updated: June 28, 2022

Lenses chinhu chakakosha che Cameras - ndiwo "maziso" anotora uye anogadzira mufananidzo mufirimu kana dijitari sensor.

Malenzi anodzora zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvechiedza: kutarisa uye saizi. Iyo inotarisisa inoreva kupinza kwemufananidzo kutorwa, ukuwo saizi inotaridza kuti yakawanda sei yemufananidzo inoratidzwa pane sensor kana firimu.

Malenzi anogona kukamurwa zvichienderana nehurefu hwawo hwakatarisana, hunoyerwa nemamirimita (mm). Kazhinji kutaura, lenzi dzine maonero akafara ekona (12mm-35mm) anokodzera zvirinani kutorwa kwemifananidzo, ukuwo malenzi ane kureba kwekutarisa kureba (100mm-800mm) anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuvhara mapfuti akadai semifananidzo kana mhuka dzesango. Kune zvakare telephoto lenses ayo anopa ese ari maviri akafara angle uye refu yakatarisa kureba ese ari mulenzi imwe - yakanakira kufamba! Pamusoro pezvo, mhando dzemalens akasarudzika senge macro uye fisheye lenzi dzinogona kutengwawo kutora mifananidzo yakasarudzika.

Saka kunyangwe uchangotanga kutora mafoto kana kutsvaga kukwidziridza giya rako, kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi marudzi akasiyana emalenzi aripo anogona kukubatsira kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo paunenge uchitenga kamera giya. Mugwaro rino tichavhara zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzema lens kamera uye izvo zvaanoshandiswa.

Chii chinonzi Lenzi?

Malenzi chikamu chakakosha chechero kamera system uye vanoita basa rakakura mumhando yemifananidzo yavanoburitsa. Malenzi anouya muhukuru hwakasiyana, maumbirwo nemhando, kubva kune yakatarwa focal kureba lenzi kusvika zoom lenses. Zvichienderana nemhando yekutora mifananidzo yauri kuita, ungangoda marudzi akasiyana emalenzi kuti uwane mhedzisiro yaunoda. Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura maitiro ekutanga ema lenses, pamwe chete nezvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri.

Mhando dzeMalenzi

Kana zvasvika kumalenzi, vatori vemifananidzo vane akati wandei akasiyana sarudzo anowanikwa kwavari. Kubva mhando dzemhando dzakadai prime lenses uye zoom lenzi kune akasarudzika lenzi senge yakafara-ekona uye telephoto lenzi, imwe neimwe ine yayo yakasarudzika maitiro. Nekunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati peaya marudzi emalenzi, vatori vemifananidzo vanogona kusarudza iyo lenzi chaiyo kune chero akapihwa mamiriro.

Prime Lenses: Prime lenses akagadziriswa akatarisa kureba lenses anobvumira kunyanyisa kupinza uye kujeka. Iine imwechete yakatarisana nehurefu husingagone kuchinjika, iyi isarudzo yakanakisa yemigwagwa mafoto uye mapikicha zvikamu.

Zoom Lenses: Zoom lenzi dzinopa humwe hunyanzvi sezvo vachikubvumidza kuti uswededze mukati kana kunze pakureba kwakasiyana pasina kushandura pakati peakawanda maprime lens. Iyi ndiyo sarudzo yakakwana yezviitiko kana zvemitambo kutora mafoto kana iwe uchida kuwedzera kuchinjika mukutora mapfuti ako.

Wide-Angle Lenses: Wide-angle lenses inokutendera kuti utore zvimiro zvakafara pasina kukanganisa pamicheto yefuremu, uchiita kuti ive yakanakira kutorwa kwemifananidzo kana yemukati mapfuti ane nzvimbo dzakamanikana.

Telephoto Lenses: Telephoto lenses inoita kuti iwe utore zvinhu zviri kure zvine ruzivo rwakakura uchiparadzanisa chidzidzo chako kubva kumashure kwayo nekuda kwekudzika kwayo. kudzika kwemunda kugona. Aya akanakira mhuka dzesango kana mapfuti echiito paunenge uchiedza kuswedera pedyo pasina kunyatso kuswedera pedyo nemuviri.

Prime Lenses

Malenzi makuru ndiwo maprime lens uye aya malenzi ane kureba imwechete, zvichireva kuti haatadze. Aya lenzi anowanzo diki uye akareruka kupfuura zooms, uye zvakare anowanzo kudhura. Nekudaro, kupfura nemaprime lens zvinoreva kuti uchafanirwa kufambisa muviri wako kana kushandisa tsoka dzako kushandura chinhambwe chiri pakati pako nemusoro wenyaya, kusiyana nekuswededza mukati kana kunze neinoshanduka-yakatarisana-kureba lenzi.

Prime lenses anozivikanwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwemaziso kana achienzaniswa neawo zoom mamwe; iwo anonyanya kutsvakwa mamodheru anoratidza kubereka kwepamusoro kwematoni uye mavara ane kupinza kwakanyanya pafuremu. Aya malenzi anobatsirwawo kubva kune yakafara maapertures kupfuura zoom lenzi pane imwe yakatarisa kureba. Pamusoro pezvo, maprime lens anowanzo kuve akareruka, achiita kuti ave akakodzera pakufamba mafoto pamwe neakadzikama mafoto ane maburi akafara senge f/2.8 kana yakafara kana iripo.

Muchidimbu, kana iwe uchitsvaga inokwanisika yekupinda mukutora mifananidzo pasina kukanganisa pamhando, saka maprime lens ndiyo yako yakanyanya sarudzo. Kushaikwa kweiyo optical zoom kungaite sekunomisa pakutanga asi iwe unozoziva nekukurumidza kuti zvinokumanikidza kuti uwedzere kugadzira munzira yaunonyora mapfuti, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune mabhindauko ekutsvaga akasiyana makona uye nzira dzingadai dzakafuratirwa!

Zoom Lenses

Zoom lenses ikirasi inosiyana-siyana yemamera lens uye inogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzekutora mifananidzo. Aya malenzi anokubvumira kuti uchinje kureba kwawo kwekutarisa, achikupa kutonga kwakawanda kupfuura neyakagadzika-yakatarisana-kureba lenzi. Zoom lenzi dzinovhara chero huwandu hwehurefu hwehurefu, asi dzinowanzoiswa seyakafaraangle zoom lenzi (kubva pa15 kusvika 35mm) kana telephoto zoom lenzi (kubva pa70 kusvika 300mm).

Wideangle zooms ine akona yakakura yekuona kupfuura yakajairwa prime kana fixed-focal-length lenzi uye inonyanya kukodzera kutora zviratidziro zvakakura kana zvidzidzo zviri kure. Ivo zvakare vanopa kudzika kwakawanda kwemunda pane telephoto zooms, zvichiita kuti ive nani yekupfura mifananidzo ine akati wandei zvidzidzo pamadaro akasiyana kubva kamera.

Telephoto zooms inogona kuunza zvinhu zviri kure pedyo. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira kushandiswa mumitambo, mhuka dzesango, uye hunhu hwekutora mafoto sezvo usingade kuswedera pedyo nechidzidzo chako sekunge ne wideangle zooms kana prime lens. Nekudaro, ivo vanowanzopa kudzika kwakadzika kwemunda pane wideangle zooms, zvichireva kuti zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kuchengeta zvikamu zvese zvemufananidzo zvakatariswa kamwechete. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanowanzo tambura nechromatic aberration uye lens distortion zvichienzaniswa ne wideangle zooms nekuda kweakaomesesa optical masisitimu anosanganisirwa mukugadzira yakakura kudaro kukura.

Telephoto Lenzi

Telephoto lenses chikamu chidiki chemalenzi anoshandisa yakakosha optical uye engineering dhizaini inovabvumira kutora zvinhu zviri kure pasina kuita kuti kamera irebe. Telephoto lenses anowanzo shandiswa mumifananidzo uye mamiriro ekutora mafoto, mapfuti ekuita uye kunyange kutora mafoto enyeredzi.

Zvichienderana nekureba kweiyo lens yaunosarudza, telephoto lens inogona kubva kune pakati nepakati kusvika kureba kutarisa. A 50mm lens inonzi ine mwero telephoto lenzi, nepo chero chinhu chakareba kupfuura 80mm chinoonekwa seyakareba-yakatarisa telephoto lens. Telephoto lenses kazhinji ine yakamanikana kona yekuona, iyo yakanaka kana yakatarisa pane yako nyaya mune zvakadzama kubva kure.

A .3 telephoto lenzi muenzaniso we super-telephoto, zvichireva kuti ine yakanyanyisa kureba yakatarisa kubva pa300mm kusvika 1200mm kana kudarika-inokubvumidza kuti utore kunyange kure kure chiitiko neruzivo rwakakura. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa padhuze-kupfurwa senge mitambo yemifananidzo uye kusangana kwehupenyu hwemusango izvo zvinoda kuti iwe uswedere pedyo uye wega nechidzidzo chako kubva kure kwakakura. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye mutengo vanowanzo dzikamisa vatori vemifananidzo vasingakwanise kuwana giya kana bhajeti kuti vashandise nemazvo - saka nyanzvi dzemitambo yemifananidzo kana zvisikwa & mhuka dzesango vanokwanisa kutenga michina yakadai vanogona kubatsirwa zvakanyanya kubva kune idzi hunyanzvi mhando. ye lenzi.

Wide-Angle Lenzi

Wide-angle lenzis anosanganisira lenzi yeurefu hwefocal kureba pane yakajairika. Iyo 35mm kamera system inoonekwa seyakajairwa lens ine yakatarisa kureba inotenderedza 50mm. Vatori vemifananidzo vekumba vanogona kushandisa marenzi-makona akakura enzvimbo, zvemukati, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzaunoda kutora mifananidzo yakakura. Kazhinji, marenzi akafara-ekona ane kureba kwe35mm kana kupfupika pane mazhinji edhijitari kamera masisitimu.

Aya marudzi emalenzi anowanzo nyorwa ne”W” kana “WA” pabhodhoro relenzi, zvichikuzivisa iwe kuti ilenzi rakafara. Pane akawanda ekutanga madhijitari masisitimu akaita seCanon naNikon, marenzi-makona anotangira kubva pa10 - 17mm maererano nenzvimbo yekuona kwekona (inozivikanwawo sekona yekuona). Pamafuremu akazara masisitimu, anowanzo tanga panosvika 14 - 17 mm uye anogona kukwira kusvika kunosvika 21mm pakureba (yakatarisa kureba.)

Kana uchitarisa mamwe maekisesaizi emakona, magadzirirwo akafara ekona anowanzo kukanganisa mipendero - zvichireva kuti mimwe mitsara yakatwasuka ichaonekwa yakakomberedzwa mumifananidzo yako. Izvi zvinowanzonzi "barreling effect." Zvichienderana nechiedza uye chinhambwe chako chekupfura chinogona kubatsira kana kukanganisa zvichienderana nechitarisiko chauri kutsvaga. Wide angle lenses zvakare anowedzera kuwedzeredza kureba pakati pezvinhu zvinopa mafoto kudzika zvakanyanya kana zvichienzaniswa nezvinowanzoonekwa nevanhu.

Macro Lenses

.5 Macro Lenses, anozivikanwawo se "micro lens" akagadzirirwa kutora mifananidzo iri pedyo. Pa .5x magnification (hafu yehupenyu saizi) yekona yekuona, ma lens aya anotendera iwe kutora zvinhu zvidiki zvakanyanya kubva padyo sema 8 inches kure nekamera. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vane chigadziriso chepamusoro kupfuura mamwe macro lens nekuda kwehukuru hwavo hudiki hwekunzwa uye vanogadzira yakapinza uye yakadzama mifananidzo yezvinhu zvakaita semaruva uye zvipembenene. Nekuda kwehurefu hwavo hupfupi hwekutarisa uye chinhambwe chekushanda, vanogadzira zvimedu zvegiya zvakanaka kune avo vanofarira kuita zvakanyanyisa-pedyo-up mafoto kana kunyange theatre makeup. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekudzika kwavo kushoma kwemunda vanowanzo chinjana nemhete kana machubhu kuti vakwanise kukwidziridzwa kwakasiyana - zvichibvumira vatori vemifananidzo kuti vatore tudiki-diki zvisingaite nemamwe marudzi emalenzi. Ivo zvakare vanogadzira mahombe emifananidzo lenzi ane akapfava kwazvo bokeh kumashure kana akashandiswa nemazvo.

Fisheye Lenses

Malenzi eFisheye anopa akanyanya kupamhama kona ndima-ye-yekuona, kunyangwe isiri yakanyanyisa kunyanyisa semamwe emamwe marenzi ekona. Iyi mifananidzo ine yakasarudzika curved chitarisiko kwavari uye inowanzo shandiswa kutora zvakanyanya padyo mafoto ezvidzidzo kubva kure. .6 Malenzi eFisheye anopa 180° nzvimbo-yekuona nekukanganisa kudiki. Vanopa maonero anonakidza anoshanda kana akashandiswa kune nzvimbo, mapikicha ekuita, uye mifananidzo yekugadzira yakadai semifananidzo kana mifananidzo yehusiku. Pamusoro pezvo, ivo vanozivikanwa muhunyanzvi hwekushandisa senge yekuvaka mafoto nekuda kwekugona kwavo kutora mifananidzo chaiyo inoramba isina kukanganisa.

Focal Length

Hurefu hwekutarisa chinhu chakakosha kufunga pakusarudza lenzi chaiyo kune imwe pfuti. Kureba kwelens kunoratidza kuti yakawanda sei yechiitiko - maererano nemakona uye chinhambwe - chinogona kutorwa, pamwe nendima yekuona. Munda wekuona unoyerwa uchishandisa kona uye inotemerwa nechinzvimbo uye saizi ye sensor yemufananidzo mukhamera yako.

Hurefu hwakanyanya hunoshandiswa nevatori vemifananidzo huri pakati pe16mm kusvika 300mm, kunyangwe paine malenzi anowanikwa anosvika 2000mm mune dzimwe nguva. Iyo ipfupi yehurefu hwefocal, iyo yakapamhama kona uye kureba chinhambwe chinogona kubatwa. Sezvineiwo, kureba kwepamusoro kunopa kuwedzera kuwedzera asi kuderedza kona.

Hurefu hwakajairika hunosanganisira:
-Wide-Angle Lenses - Focal kureba kubva 16mm kusvika 35mm
-Standard / Normal Lenses - Focal kureba kubva 50mm kusvika 65mm
-Telephoto Lenses - Focal kureba kubva 70mm kusvika 200+ mm
-Ultra-Wide Angle Lenses - Yakatarisana kureba kubva pa8mm kusvika 15mm
-Super Telephoto Lenses - Focals pamusoro pe300 kusvika 2000+ mm

Aperture

Aperture chinhu chikuru chekufunga nezvacho kana uchitarisa lenzi nemakamera. Aperture saizi yegomba riri mulenzi rako rinopinza chiedza, saka kana iwe uchitendera chiedza chakawanda, ndiko kujeka kwaunogona kuwana. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakakura yekuvhura lens, kudzika kwako kwemunda kuchave kushoma. Kudzika kudzika kwemunda kunoreva kuti chete zvinhu zviri padyo newe kana mukati meimwe nhanho ndizvo zvinotariswa nepo zvimwe zvikamu zvemufananidzo wako zviri kunze-kwe-ku-kutarisisa uye kusvibiswa. Izvi zvinopa mifananidzo yako iri nani kusiyana, ichiita kuti ibude uye itaridzike zvakanyanya.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekufunga nezvacho pakusarudza lenzi ndeye kureba kwayo. Hurefu hwekutarisa hunotaridza kuti "zoom" yakawanda sei iyo kamera yako inogona kuwana uye kuti yakafara kana yakatetepa sei mufananidzo uchaonekwa paunotora mafoto nawo.

Zvikurukuru, kune marudzi matatu (kana mhuri) emalenzi anoenderana nekuvhura kwawo: Standard (F1.4 – F2.8), Portrait (F2 – F4), Zoom (F4 – F5.6)

Malenzi akajairwa anopa aperture yakafara iyo inokupa iwe kutonga kwakawanda pamusoro pezviri kutariswa uye ine yemhando yepamusoro yemufananidzo nekuda kwechiedza chakawanda chichipinda mulenzi; malenzi aya anowanzova akanakisa pakutora mifananidzo yakaderera senge nyika panguva yekunyura kwezuva kana husiku nguva yekupfura nekuda kwehukuru hwawo hwekuvhura hunoita kuti huwedzere kupenya mupfuti yako yemifananidzo yakajeka pasina kuwedzera ISO mazinga zvisina chikonzero izvo zvinogona kukonzera ruzha runoonekwa kubva muzviyo. mhedzisiro pamagetsi edhijitari anoshandiswa neDSLRs).

Portrait Lenses ane maburi epakati-renji anoapa imwe nzvimbo pakati pemashure nemberi anotarisisa kuchinjika achibvumira vanotora mifananidzo kuti vaite kuti vanhu vavo vabude pachena uku vachichengeta zvimwe zvese zvakadzima zvichibvumira kupfura kwemifananidzo kuve nyore pane zvakajairwa mhando; malenzi aya zvakare akakurisa kune zvakajairika chinangwa kutora mafoto nekuda kwekugona kwavo mukuita kuti zvidzidzo zvibude pachena kana zvichienzaniswa nemhando dzakasiyana.

Chekupedzisira, Zoom Lenses dzinovhara kureba kwepakati-refu telephoto kubva pa70mm-200mm ichivaita sarudzo dzakanakisa dzemapfuti echinhambwe akadai mafoto emashizha ekudonha kana nhungirwa dzeshiri; vanoshanda zvakanyanya mukati memba nekuda kwekudzikira kunowanikwa mwenje uko kureba kwakatarisa kunopa kutonga kukuru pamusoro pekudzima kwemashure uku vachibvumira kuswedera pedyo pazvinhu zviri kure nekupa yakanyanya zoomability mazinga kubva muchirimwa ichi chelens nhepfenyuro ichipa mafoto edhijitari kuchinjika kukuru pamusoro pekuparadzaniswa kwechinyorwa uye kukura kwechinhu. kure kure kuburikidza nediki rekuwedzera nguva yekuseta inodiwa kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa 35mm slr makamera aiwanzo shandiswa mukati memazuva apfuura kune mimwe mitemo pakupfura mifananidzo kana nzvimbo yenzvimbo pasina dijitari yekududzira mhedzisiro yaonekwa nhasi nemamwe asina kuzara furemu DSLRs inonyura pasi yekutanga kamera sensor chip saizi pamwe nekufungidzira. software mhedzisiro inogadzira yakafanana asi isiri yakafanana mhedzisiro kubva kune imwe chete yakakopwa pfuti yakapetwa yakaonekwa kubva mufirimu zvakaipa mumazuva ekutanga pasina mamwe manyorero ekuwedzera magadzirirwo anodiwa mushure mekugadzirwa asati adhinda ekupedzisira zvinobuda zvaimbova zvakajairika pamalabhu ehunyanzvi mafirimu pamberi peadvanc. ing tech mazera anopa macomputer emashure ekugadzira ekufungidzira mhinduro haichabatike otomatiki kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwematanda emukamuri yerima pre 1980's yakatangira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yazvino inopa zviri nyore asi kwete nguva dzose zvirinani zvehunyanzvi sarudzo dzakagara dzakavakwa dzinosanganisira maficha akareba emazuva ano vanopfura vachisarudza mahybrids vachichengeta zvimwe zvinhu zvinotsamira zvisina kumbonyanya. zvakamboonekwa senge pixel kupenengura magiredhi padivi petsika preset mari inogadzira gamut maonesheni bvisa dynamic range debayering vamwe vanotarisirwa kuenderera mberi vapedza kubata kugadzirika kusvika pekupedzisira kusefa zvikumbaridzo zvinowanikidzwa kupfuura zvaimboonekwa segoridhe zviyero se colorblind repro scheme kuyera aimboedzwa gigabyte subsampling ichiri yakakurumbira. mapuratifomu kunyangwe mazhinji ezvizvarwa zvechikuru haakwanise kuona matunhu emhando yepamusoro anoda hi res compression matekiniki anenge munhu wese anoziva kana kuda bandsaw deconvolution reconstruction kunoitika. iva chete nyanzvi dzenzvimbo yehunyanzvi hunoda geometric aspherical approximations yakashandiswa isingarambidzwe nonlinear normalizations yaifungidzirwa kuti haigoneki makore gumi apfuura skyrocketing mafoto mukurumbira werudzi rwemetaformational mafomati akabatana pamwe chete achipesana neaimbofarirwa zvigadziriso zvichisimbisa zvimwechetezvo zvisingaperi misimboti yakagadzika chibvumirano chinokodzera curvilinear pfungwa inoramba isinganzwisisike calibra gadzira chimwe chinhu vanhu vashoma vanoziva asi vachinyatso ziva kushamisa kunoshamisa kunoshamisa kweramangwana remberi zvinoshamisa zvakaunza chokwadi chinooneka neruremekedzo tekinoroji kufambira mberi kunotungamira kuita zvinhu zvinofungwa nevakawanda zvisingafungidzike nguva inongotanga kunyunguduka zvinoonekwa zvisinganzwisisike zvakapfuura kutanga patsva pano zvese zviri kumberi zvinozobuda pachena zvakamirira.

Kusarudza Iyo Yakarurama Lens

Kana zvasvika pakusarudza lens chaiyo yekamera yako, kune akawanda akasiyana marudzi uye sarudzo dzekusarudza kubva. Iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve saizi ye lens, kureba kwekutarisa, iyo yepamusoro aperture, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndechekukubatsira kuti unzwisise mutsauko pakati pemhando dzelens, kuti iwe ugone kusarudza iyo inonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako.

Zviitiko zvekufunga nezvazvo

Paunenge uchitenga lens, unofanirwa kufunga nezvemhando yekamera yedhijitari iyo ichashandiswa pairi, nhanho yehunyanzvi hwekutora mifananidzo yauinayo, uye mhando dzepfuti dzauchange uchitora. Zvichienderana nemhando ipi yemifananidzo yaunoronga kuita, lenzi dzakasiyana dzinogona kunge dzakanyanya kukodzera mifananidzo yakasiyana. Kuona kuti ndeapi lenzi akakodzera kune zvaunoda kunoda kunyatso tsvagurudza uye kunzwisisa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita kwekamera lens.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti zvimwe zvinhu zve lens zvinokanganisa kuita kwayo; semuenzaniso, malenzi maviri akasiyana anogona kunge aine hurefu hwakafanana asi hukuru hwawo hwekuvhura hunogona kusiyana. Maximum aperture chinhu chakakosha sezvo ichitarisa kuti ingani chiedza chinogona kupinda kuburikidza nekamera uye kusvika kune sensor kana firimu kuitira kugadzira mufananidzo kana vhidhiyo. Pamusoro pezvo, kuziva ruzivo rwakadai senge angle-ye-yekuona yekuvhara maererano neDSLR yako kana isina girazi redhijitari fomati saizi inogona kubatsira kuita sarudzo dziri nani paunenge uchitenga lenzi.

Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa marenzi echinangwa chemhando dzakasiyana-siyana; vane zvikwanisiro zvinovabvumira kutora marudzi akasiyana-siyana epfuti mukati mehupamhi hwakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira nzvimbo nemifananidzo. Humwe hunhu hwemalenzi hunozivikanwa hunosanganisira kureba-kukona kutarisisa uko kunobatsira kutora zvimiro zvakakura senge nyika kana zvemukati; kureba kwekutarisa kureba telephoto kugona kuri nyore pakupfura zvinhu zviri kure semhuka muzvisikwa zvinochengetedza; macro kugona iyo inogonesa vatori vemifananidzo kutora padyo-kumusoro mafoto ane yakakwirira resolution uye ruzivo; malenzi ehove anopa kunyanyisa-kukona-kona maonero 180 madhigirii pane imwe nzvimbo; Ultra-wide rectilinear optics iyo inopa makona akafara kupfuura hove lenzi asi isina kukanganisa kukanganisa; uye tilt & chinja maonero ekudzora masimba ayo anobvumira mutori wemifananidzo kutonga kukuru pamusoro pemaonero endege kuburikidza nekamera chinzvimbo chinochinja pamwe nematemo maviri ane hukama kune yekuona ndege inotaridzika kwete yakajairwa kurereka kumusoro / pasi kana kuruboshwe / kurudyi mafambiro.

bhajeti

Paunenge uchifunga kuti ndeupi rudzi rwelens yekutenga kamera yako, zvakakosha kuti utarise bhajeti yako. Kunyangwe iwe uri kushanda nediki kana hombe bhajeti, kune malenzi anokwana mukati meiyo renji. Semuenzaniso, avo vane bhajeti diki vangangoda kutarisa akajairwa zoom lenzi, ayo ane chinangwa chakazara uye anopa yakanaka mufananidzo mhando nemitengo inonzwisisika. Nepo aya marudzi emalenzi asina kupfuma-akapfuma semalenzi anodhura, anogona achiri kuita kuti basa riitwe uye nekupa mifananidzo mikuru. Malenzi anodhura anowanzo ane maapertures anokurumidza (f/2.8 kana f/4) uye dhizaini yepamberi inovhura zvimwe zvakawanda zvekugadzira zvakaita sekudzika kudzika kwemhedzisiro yemunda kana kuwedzera kwekuita kwechiedza chakaderera. Avo vane mabhajeti akakura vanofanirwa kufunga nezvekudyara mumaprime lens, ayo anopa kukurumidza kuvhura senge f/1.4 kana pamusoro uye kazhinji ndiyo yakapinza sarudzo iripo pamusika nhasi.

Camera Type

Iyo lens yaunosarudza ichaenderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwekamera yaunayo. Digital kamera 'lenses inogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana, asi mafirimu kamera anowanzoda lens yakanyatsogadzirirwa ivo. DSLR makamera anoshandisa lenzi anochinjika, kusanganisira anotevera marudzi:
-Prime lenses: Prime lenses inogadziriswa pane imwe chete yakatarisa kureba, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakaderera-mwenje mamiriro uye mufananidzo wemifananidzo. Iwo zvakare akachipa zvakanyanya pane zoom lenzi.
-Zoom lenses: Zoom lenzi dzinopa kuchinjika kupfuura maprime lens, achikubvumidza kuti uchinje kuumbwa kwako nekamwe twist yelens. Aya anowanzo kuve akakura kupfuura maprime lens uye anowanzo kudhura zvakare.
-Macro lens: Macro mafoto ibasa repedyo; akatsaurirwa macro lenses anobvumira vatori vemifananidzo kuti vaswedere pedyo nenyaya yavo uye vatore ruzivo kusvika kuzvikamu zvemamirimita kana kunyange mamicrons muhukuru.
-Tilt/shift lens: Kurereka/kuchinjisa lenzi kunopa imwe dhigirii yekurongeka nekuita kuti vatori vemifananidzo vatenderere nzvimbo yavo yakatarisa mudenga uye yakachinjika kuitira kuti vachinje maonero nekunyatso kurumisa kupfuura zvinobvumidzwa nemaitiro ekusimudza.

Focal Length

Kana zvasvika kune lenzi uye kutora mafoto, iyo F-mira kukosha (kana kuti Focal Length) yelenzi inoratidza kuti ingani mwenje unounganidzwa ne sensor yekamera. Iyo yakakwirira iyo F-stop, iyo inokonzeresa kushoma chero kuzunungusa kana kufamba kuchava nemufananidzo. Iyo diki F-Stop ichaita kuti zvive nyore kuti mutori wemifananidzo atore mafoto ari pasi-mwenje mamiriro. Semuenzaniso, F/2.8 lens inopinza chiedza chakapetwa kaviri seF/4 lenzi uye nechina chiedza chakapetwa seF/5.6.

Pakusarudza lenzi yepfuti yakapihwa, vatori vemifananidzo vanofanirwa kufunga zvinhu zvakaita sekona yekuona, kudzika kwemunda uye kutakurika pavanenge vachisarudza kureba kwakakodzera kune zvavanoda. Hurefu hwakatarisana hunogona kubva pa8mm ziso rehove rakapamhama kusvika pa1600mm super telephoto lenzi; zvisinei vanhu vazhinji vanenge vachipfura nemalenzi akajairwa anomhanya pakati pe28mm wide angle lens uye 300mm telephoto lenzi. Pakati peaya mapoka maviri akanyanya kureba, zvakajairika sarudzo dzinosanganisira:

* 35mm: Mazhinji makamera anopfura saizi iyi nekukasira. Uku kureba kwechinyakare kwave kwakajairika kubvira 35mm firimu rekutora mifananidzo rakafarirwa uye rinobvumira vatori vemifananidzo kuti vatore zvakangoita izvo maziso edu aizoona mumaonero echisikigo pane chero chinhambwe kubva pane chiri kutorwa mifananidzo.
**50mm: Yakakurumbira pakati pevatorwa vemifananidzo nekuti vanopa mamwe maitiro ekudzima asi vachiri nemaonero echisikigo kana vachipfura vanhu vari pedyo kana kure. padyo kana kuresa kubva kuzvidzidzo zvavo.* 85 mm: Inowanzo shandiswa kana uchida zvese zviri zviviri zvinyoro zvishoma uye kudzima kwemashure kuri nani pane zvaunogona kuwana nehumwe hurefu.* 135 mm – 200 mm : Malenzi akareba anotangira pano – anobatsira zvikuru. yemitambo kana kutora mifananidzo yemhuka dzemusango kwaunofanirwa kuve nemapfuti ane akadzvanywa maonero asi zvakare chengetedza kureba kure nezvidzidzo zvako nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza (semuenzaniso, mhuka dzesango).

Aperture

The Aperture ndiko kuvhura kwelens uko mwenje unopinda nekugadzira mufananidzo. Aperture inopimwa nef-nhamba uye inonongedzwa nenhamba inozivikanwa sef-stop. Aperture inobatsirawo pakutarisisa; mazariro akatambanuka anogadzira kudzika kwemunda, izvo zvinobvumira chinhu chiri kumberi kuti chive chakanangana nepo zvinhu zviri kumashure zvakadzima. Malenzi ane yakaderera f-stop senge ƒ/4 anowanzo mhanyisa lenzi, zvichireva kuti anogona kupfura mafoto nekukasira uye nekupa mashandiro akanaka kana zvasvika pakuderera kwemifananidzo.

Iine ƒ/4 aperture, kana iwe ukatarisa pane chimwe chinhu chiri padhuze (taura pakati peimwe nemamita matanhatu), iwe unowana kudzika kudzika kwemunda, uko chete chidzidzo chako chichave chakapinza nepo kuseri kuchizodzima zvakanaka. Paunenge uchipfura mapikicha kana macro mafoto ane chimwe chinhu chakaita seƒ/4, iwe unozoda yakawanda yakanaka yemhando ambient mwenje wekushanda nawo - une zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvekutora mapfuti akanaka nemhando iyi yelens!

Autofocus

Iyo 0.5 autofocus lens inobvumidza iwe kuti utarise zvakanyanya pamusoro penyaya yepikicha yako, kuderedza kudiwa kwebhuku rekutarisa paunenge uchipfura. Kugona kuchengeta chidzidzo chako chakatarisa nguva dzese kunoita kuti rudzi urwu rwelenzi ive sarudzo yakanaka yekutora zvinomhanya-mhanya kana zvisingafungidzike zvidzidzo - mhuka, vatambi, kana zvinhu zvinofamba. Kana yakabatanidzwa ne-high-resolution sensor, rudzi urwu rwe lens runogona kukubatsira kuti uwane mifananidzo yakanyanya-yakapinza ine pinpoint yakarurama uye kuwirirana.

0.5 autofocus lenses inoshandisa yemukati inotsika mota inoshanda neiyo kamera autofocus system kuendesa nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana kutarisa kuita. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzikisira zvakanyanya nguva inodiwa yekugadzirisa kana tarisiro yatangwa, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira zvese zviri zviviri vhidhiyo uye mafoto mifananidzo. Zvakare nekupa kutarisisa kwakaringana kupfuura malenzi emaoko, dhizaini yelens iyi zvakare yakavimbika zvakanyanya pasi pekuchinja kwemamiriro emwenje senge kana uchifamba uchibva mumba uchienda kunze kana kushanda munzvimbo dzakaderera senge mitambo yemifananidzo uye husiku nzvimbo.

mhedziso

Mukupedzisa, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise marudzi akasiyana emalenzi uye mashandisiro aanoita kuitira kuti ushandise kamera yako zviri nani. Kune akasiyana-siyana akamiswa lenzi pamwe nekuchinjana uye zoom lenzi anogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutora mifananidzo yauri kushanda pairi. Kunzwisisa hunhu, mabasa uye maficha zvinokutendera iwe kuti usarudze yakanakisa lens yebasa racho. Tora imwe nguva paunosarudza lens yekamera yako, funga nezvese maficha, edza nemhando dzakasiyana uye tsvaga iyo inonyatso kuzadzisa zvaunoda.

Mhoroi, ndini Kim, amai uye munhu anofarira zvekumira-famba ane ruzivo mukugadzira midhiya nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu. Ndine chido chikuru chekudhirowa uye mifananidzo, uye ikozvino ndiri kunyura nemusoro munyika yekumira-kufamba. Neblog rangu, ndiri kugovera zvandinodzidza nemi varume.