NiMH Mabhatiri: Chii?

by kim Updated: July 9, 2022

Chii chinonzi NiMH Mabhatiri? Nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri imhando yebhatiri rechargeable. Anoshandiswa mumidziyo yakawanda yakasiyana, kubva kumotokari kusvika kumatoyi kusvika smartphones.

Vane zvakawanda zvakanaka pamusoro pemamwe marudzi emabhatiri, uye ivo vane mukurumbira wakanaka nekuda kweizvozvo. Asi chii chaizvo?

Nhoroondo yeNiMH Mabhatiri

The Invention

Kare muna 1967, mamwe mazhenje anopenya paBattelle-Geneva Research Center aive nebrainwave uye akagadzira bhatiri reNiMH. Yakanga yakavakirwa pamusanganiswa weSintered Ti2Ni+TiNi+x alloys uye NiOOH electrodes. Daimler-Benz neVolkswagen AG vakabatana uye vakatsigira kugadzirwa kwebhatiri mukati memakumi maviri emakore anotevera.

Kuvandudza

Muma70s, bhatiri renickel-hydrogen raitengeswa setiraiti yekushandisa, uye izvi zvakamutsa kufarira tekinoroji yehydride seimwe nzira yekuchengetera hydrogen yakawanda. Philips Laboratories neFrance CNRS yakagadzira matsva emagetsi mahybrid alloys anosanganisira zvisingawanzo simbi dzepasi dzeiyo negative electrode. Asi alloys aya akange asina kugadzikana mualkaline electrolyte, saka akange asina kukodzera kushandiswa nevatengi.

The Breakthrough

Muna 1987, Willems naBuschow vakabudirira nekugadzirwa kwebheteri yavo, iyo yakashandisa musanganiswa weLa0.8Nd0.2Ni2.5Co2.4Si0.1. Iri bhatiri rakachengeta 84% yekuchaja kwayo mushure me4000 kuchaja-kuburitsa kutenderera. Mamwe alloys ane hupfumi anoshandisa mischmetal pachinzvimbo chelanthanum akakurumidza kugadzirwa.

The Consumer Giredhi

Muna 1989, masero eNiMH ekutanga emutengi akavepo, uye muna 1998, Ovonic Battery Co. Pakazosvika 2008, motokari dzinopfuura mamiriyoni maviri dzakasanganiswa pasi rose dzakagadzirwa nemabhatiri eNiMH.

The Popularity

MuEuropean Union, mabhatiri eNiMH akatsiva mabhatiri eNi-Cd kuti ashandiswe nevatengi. MuJapan muna 2010, 22% yemabhatiri anotakurika anochajwa akatengeswa aive NiMH, uye muSwitzerland muna 2009, nhamba yakaenzana yaive yakatenderedza 60%. Asi chikamu ichi chakaderera nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion.

Ramangwana

Muna 2015, BASF yakagadzira yakagadziridzwa microstructure yakaita kuti mabhatiri eNiMH awedzere kusimba, achibvumira shanduko kune sero dhizaini iyo yakachengetedza huremu hwakakura uye yakawedzera iyo chaiyo simba kusvika 140 watt-maawa pakirogiramu. Saka ramangwana reNiMH mabhatiri rinotaridzika rakajeka!

Iyo Chemistry Kuseri kweNickel-Metal Hydride Mabhatiri

Chii chinonzi Electrochemistry?

Electrochemistry chidzidzo chehukama pakati pemagetsi nekuita kwemakemikari. Ndiyo sainzi kuseri kwemabhatiri, uye ndiwo mashandiro anoita mabhatiri eNickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH).

Zvinoitika Mukati mebhatiri reNiMH

Mabhatiri eNiMH anoumbwa nemagetsi maviri, akanaka uye asina kunaka. Mabatiro anoitika mukati mebhatiri ndiwo anoita kuti rishande. Hezvino zviri kuitika:

• Pa electrode yakaipa, mvura nesimbi zvinosangana nerekitironi kuita OH- uye hydride yesimbi.
• Pane electrode yakanaka, nickel oxyhydroxide inoumbwa apo nickel hydroxide uye OH- inosanganiswa nerekitironi.
• Panguva yekuchaja, maitiro anofamba kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Panguva yekusununguka, maitiro anofamba kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe.

Izvo zvikamu zveNiMH Bhatiri

Iyo yakaipa electrode yeNiMH bhatiri inoumbwa neiyo intermetallic compound. Rudzi rwakanyanya ndere AB5, inova musanganiswa wezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi se lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, uye praseodymium, zvakasanganiswa nickel, cobalt, manganese, kana aluminium.

Mamwe mabhatiri eNiMH anoshandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo negative electrode zvinhu zvichibva paAB2 makomisheni, ayo ari titanium kana vanadium akasanganiswa ne zirconium kana nickel, uye akagadziridzwa nechromium, cobalt, iron, kana manganese.

Iyo electrolyte mubhatiri yeNiMH inowanzoita potassium hydroxide, uye iyo yakanaka electrode ndeye nickel hydroxide. Iyo yakaipa electrode ihydrogen muchimiro che interstitial metal hydride. Nonwoven polyolefin inoshandiswa kupatsanura.

Saka hezvo unayo! Iye zvino iwe unoziva chemistry kuseri kweNiMH mabhatiri.

Chii chinonzi Bipolar Battery?

Chii Chinoita Kuti Bipolar Mabhatiri Ave Akasarudzika?

Mabhatiri eBipolar akati siyanei nemabhatiri ako akajairwa. Ivo vanoshandisa yakasimba polymer membrane gel separator, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira mapfupi-madunhu kuti asaitike mune yemvura-electrolyte masisitimu. Izvi zvinovaita sarudzo yakanaka yemotokari dzemagetsi, sezvo vanogona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda uye kuichengetedza.

Sei Ndichifanira Kuchengeta Bipolar Mabhatiri?

Kana iwe uchitsvaga bhatiri rinogona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda uye richengetedze rakachengeteka, saka bipolar bhatiri rinogona kunge riri sarudzo yakakunakira iwe. Vari kuramba vachifarirwa nemotokari dzemagetsi, saka kana uri mumusika weimwe, unofanira kunyatsofunga nezvebipolar bhatiri. Heino chikonzero:

• Iwo akagadzirirwa kudzivirira mapfupi-maseketi kuti asaitike mune liquid-electrolyte masisitimu.
• Vanogona kuchengetedza simba rakawanda, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune motokari dzemagetsi.
• Vari kuwedzera mukurumbira, saka unogona kuve nechokwadi kuti uri kuwana chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro.

Kuchaja mabhatiri ako eNiMH Zvakachengeteka

Inokurumidza-Kuchaja

Paunenge uri mukumhanya uye uchida kuchaja yako NiMH maseru, zvakanakisa kushandisa bhatiri rakangwara mundiro kudzivirira kuwandisa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa masero. Heano mamwe mazano ekuchengeta mupfungwa:

• Shandisa yakagadziriswa yakaderera ikozvino, ine kana isina timer.
• Usabhadharise kweanopfuura maawa 10-20.
• Shandisa trickle charge paC/300 kana uchida kuchengeta maseru ako ari mushishi yakazara.
• Shandisa yakaderera duty cycle maitiro kuti ugadzirise kuzviburitsa wega.

ΔV Kuchaja nzira

Kudzivirira kukuvara kwesero, machaja anokurumidza kumisa kutenderera kwawo kusati kwaitika. Heino maitiro ekuzviita:

• Tarisa shanduko yemagetsi nenguva uye mira kana bhatiri razara.
• Tarisa shanduko yemagetsi maererano nenguva uye mira kana yava zero.
• Shandisa inogara-ikozvino yekuchaja dunhu.
• Kumisa kuchaja kana voltage ichidonha 5-10 mV pasero kubva pakakwirira voltage.

ΔT yekuchaja nzira

Iyi nzira inoshandisa tembiricha sensor kuona kana bhatiri razara. Hezvino zvekuita:

• Shandisa inogara-ikozvino yekuchaja dunhu.
• Tarisa chiyero chekuwedzera tembiricha uye mira kana yasvika 1 °C paminiti.
• Shandisa zvachose tembiricha cutoff pa60 °C.
• Tevedzera kubhadharisa kwekutanga nenguva yekuchaja zvishoma.

Mazano Okuchengetedza

Kuti uchengetedze masero ako, hezvino zvinhu zvishoma zvekuchengeta mupfungwa:

• Shandisa fiyuzi inogadzika patsva munhevedzano nesero, kunyanya yerudzi rwebimetallic strip.
• Masero emazuva ano eNiMH ane zvinokonzeresa kubata magasi anogadzirwa nekuchaja zvakanyanya.
• Usashandise kuchaja ikozvino inodarika 0.1 C.

Chii chinonzi Discharge mumabhatiri Anokwanisa Kuchajwa?

Chii chinonzi Discharge?

Discharge inzira yebhatiri rechargeable rinoburitsa simba. Kana bhatiri rikadzingwa, rinoburitsa avhareji ye1.25 volts pasero, iyo inobva yadzika kusvika pa1.0-1.1 volts pasero.

Chii Chinonzi Impact of Discharge?

Kuburitsa kunogona kuve nemaitiro akati wandei pane bhatiri rinochajwa. Heano mamwe eanonyanyozivikanwa:

• Kuzadza kuburitsa kweakawanda-sero mapaketi kunogona kukonzera reverse polarity mune rimwe kana akawanda maseru, ayo anogona kuvakuvadza zvachose.
• Low voltage-threshold cutouts inogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingagadzirike kana maseru achisiyana mukupisa.
• Self-discharge rate inosiyana zvakanyanya netembiricha, uko yakaderera tembiricha yekuchengetera inotungamira kunonoka kubuda uye hupenyu hurefu hwebhatiri.

Nzira yeKunatsiridza Self-Discharge?

Pane nzira shoma dzekuvandudza kuzviburitsa mumabhatiri anochajiswa:

• Shandisa sulfonated separator kubvisa N-containing compounds.
• Shandisa acrylic asidhi yakabatanidzwa PP separator kuderedza Al- uye Mn-marara kuumbwa mukuparadzanisa.
• Bvisa Co uye Mn muA2B7 MH alloy kuderedza kuumbwa kwemarara mukuparadzanisa.
• Wedzera huwandu hwe electrolyte kuderedza hydrogen diffusion mu electrolyte.
• Bvisa Cu-ine zvikamu kuderedza micro-pfupi.
• Shandisa PTFE coating pane yakanaka electrode kudzvanya ngura.

Kuenzanisa NiMH Mabhatiri kune Mamwe Marudzi

NiMH Masero vs. Primary Mabhatiri

Maseru eNiMH ndiyo sarudzo yekuenda kune yakakwira-drain zvishandiso, sedhijitari Cameras, nekuti anopedza mabhatiri ekutanga seayo alkaline. Heino chikonzero:

• Maseru eNiMH ane kudzika kwemukati kupikisa, zvichireva kuti anogona kubata zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa pasina kurasikirwa nekugona.
• Alkaline AA-saizi mabhatiri anopa 2600 mAh kugona pane yakaderera ikozvino kudiwa (25 mA), asi chete 1300 mAh kugona ne500 mA mutoro.
• Maseru eNiMH anogona kuendesa aya mazinga azvino pasina kurasikirwa kwekugona.

NiMH Cells vs. Lithium-ion Mabhatiri

Lithium-ion mabhatiri ane yakakwira chaiyo simba kupfuura mabhatiri eNiMH, asi ari kudhura zvakanyanya. Uyezve, ivo vanogadzira yakakwira voltage (3.2-3.7 V zita), saka unoda maseketi kudzikisa voltage kana iwe uchida kuishandisa sekudonhedza-kutsiva mabhatiri ealkaline.

NiMH Bhatiri Musika Kugovera

Kubva 2005, mabhatiri eNiMH aingova matatu muzana emusika webhatiri. Asi kana iwe uchitsvaga bhatiri rinogara, ndiyo nzira yekuenda!

Simba reNiMH Mabhatiri

High-simba Ni-MH Mabhatiri

NiMH mabhatiri ndiyo nzira yekuenda kana iwe uchitsvaga yakavimbika uye ine simba sosi yesimba. Anowanzo shandiswa mumabhatiri eAA, uye ane zita rekuchaja huwandu hwe1.1-2.8 Ah pa1.2 V. Uyezve, anogona kushandisa michina yakawanda yakagadzirirwa 1.5 V.

NiMH Mabhatiri muMagetsi uye Hybrid-Magetsi Vehicles

Mabhatiri eNiMH ave achishandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi uye dzakasanganiswa-magetsi kwemakore. Unogona kuzviwana muGeneral Motors EV1, Toyota RAV4 EV, Honda EV Plus, Ford Ranger EV, Vectrix scooter, Toyota Prius, Honda Insight, Ford Escape Hybrid, Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid uye Honda Civic Hybrid.

Kugadzirwa kweBattery yeNiMH

Stanford R. Ovshinsky akagadzira uye ane kodzero yekuvandudzwa kwakakurumbira kwebhatiri reNiMH uye akatanga Ovonic Battery Company muna 1982. General Motors vakatenga patent yeOvonics muna 1994 uye pakupera kwema1990, mabhatiri eNiMH akanga achishandiswa zvinobudirira mumotokari dzakawanda dzemagetsi akazara.

Iyo Patent Encumbrance yeNiMH Mabhatiri

Muna Gumiguru 2000, patent yakatengeswa kuTexaco, uye vhiki yakatevera Texaco yakawanikwa neChevron. Chevron's Cobasys subsidiary inopa mabhatiri aya chete kumahombe eOEM maodha. Izvi zvakagadzira patent encumbrance yemabhatiri mahombe emotokari eNiMH.

Saka, kana iwe uchitsvaga yakavimbika uye ine simba sosi yesimba, NiMH mabhatiri ndiyo nzira yekuenda. Dzave dzichishandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi uye dzakasanganiswa-magetsi kwemakore, uye dzichiri kufamba dzakasimba. Uyezve, nekugadzirwa kwebhatiri reNiMH, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti uri kuwana yakanakisa mhando chigadzirwa. Saka, wakamirirei? Tora mabhatiri ako eNiMH nhasi!

Chii chinonzi Nickel-Cadmium (NiCAD) Mabhatiri?

Bhatiri rekutanga renyika reNiCad rakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti wekuSweden kare muna 1899, uye kubva ipapo, pakave nekuvandudzwa kwakawanda. Saka mabhatiri aya anogadzirwa nei?

zvinoriumba

NiCAD mabhatiri anoumbwa ne:

• Nickel(III) oxide-hydroxide positive electrode plate
• A cadmium negative electrode plate
• Muparadzi
• A potassium hydroxide electrolyte

tizvishandise

NiCAD mabhatiri anoshandiswa mune zvakasiyana siyana zvigadzirwa, senge:

• Toys
• Emergency lighting
• Medical midziyo
• Zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa uye zvemaindasitiri
• Magetsi emagetsi
• Maredhiyo maviri
• Power tools

Benefits

NiCAD mabhatiri ane akawanda mabhenefiti, akadai se:

• Vanochaja nekukurumidza uye zviri nyore kuchaja
• Zviri nyore kuchengeta nekutakura
• Vanogona kutora nhamba yepamusoro yemhosva
• Asi, dzine simbi dzine chepfu dzinogona kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza

Saka ipapo iwe unayo, mabhatiri eNiCAD inzira yakanaka yekusimbisa magajeti ako uye gizmos, asi ingoita shuwa yekurasa nemazvo kana wapedza!

Zvese Zvaunoda Kuziva NezveNiMH Mabhatiri

Mabhatiri eNiMH ndivo vana vatsva pabhuroka, vakagadziridzwa mukupera kwema1960 uye vakakwana mukupera kwema1980. Asi ndezvipi uye nei uchifanira kuva nehanya nazvo? Ngatitarisei!

Chii chiri muNiMH Bhatiri?

Mabhatiri eNiMH anoumbwa nezvikamu zvina zvikuru:

• A nickel hydroxide positive electrode plate
• A hydrogen ion negative electrode ndiro
• Muparadzi
• Alkaline electrolyte yakafanana ne potassium hydroxide

Mabhatiri eNiMH Anoshandiswa kupi?

Mabhatiri eNiMH anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumabhatiri emotokari kusvika kune zvigadzirwa zvemishonga, mapeji, mafoni efoni, camcorder, makamera emagetsi, mabhurashi emagetsi emagetsi, nezvimwewo.

Ndeapi Mabhenefiti eNiMH Mabhatiri?

Mabhatiri eNiMH anouya netoni yezvinhu zvinogoneka:

• High capacity kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mabhatiri anochajwa
• Inoramba kubhadharisa zvakanyanya uye kuburitsa zvakanyanya
• Kune hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza: hapana makemikari ane ngozi senge cadmium, mercury, kana lead
• Cheka simba kamwe kamwe pane kudonha zvishoma nezvishoma

Saka kana iwe uchitsvaga yakavimbika, eco-hushamwari bhatiri, NiMH ndiyo nzira yekuenda!

Lithium vs NiMH Mabhatiri: Ndeupi Musiyano?

Ndezvipi Zvakanakisa Zvishandiso zveNiMH Battery Packs?

Uri kutsvaga bhatiri paki isingapaze bhangi? NiMH bhatiri mapaketi ndiyo nzira yekuenda! Aya mapaketi akakwana kune maapplication asingade yakakwira-simba density, senge nharembozha, midziyo yekurapa, uye mota dzemagetsi. Uyezve, haufanirwe kunetseka nezve njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzine chekuita nezvigadzirwa zvelithium.

Ko NiMH Mabhatiri Haazvibudisi uye Ari Kuenda kune Memory Effect?

Mabhatiri eNiMH anga aripo kubva pakutanga 1970s uye ane chengetedzo yakanaka uye rekodhi rekodhi. Kunyange ivo vasingade yakaoma Battery Management System (BMS) senge lithium mabhatiri anoita, iwe unogona kuwana BMS yeNiMH pack yako kuti ibatsire kugara kwenguva refu uye kutaurirana nemudziyo wako. Uye usazvinetse, mabhatiri eNiMH haazvibudise ega kana kutambura nemhedzisiro yekurangarira.

Ko NiMH Mabhatiri Acharamba Akareba SeLithium Battery?

Mabhatiri eNiMH ane maitiro akanaka ekutenderera hupenyu, asi haagare kwenguva yakareba semabhatiri e lithium. Nekudaro, ivo vachiri sarudzo huru kana iwe uchitsvaga inodhura-inoshanda mhinduro.

Ko Enclosure yeNiMH Tsika Battery Pack Inoda Venting Yakafanana neLithium Chemistry?

Kwete, NiMH bhatiri mapaketi haadi venting se lithium chemistry.

Ini Ndinonyatso Kuda BMS yeNiMH Battery Pack?

Kwete, haudi BMS yeNiMH bhatiri paki, asi inogona kubatsira. BMS inogona kubatsira bhatiri rako kurongedza kwenguva yakareba uye kutaurirana nemudziyo wako.

Ndeupi Musiyano muNiMH vs Lithium muMutengo Wese uye Battery Pack Saizi?

Kana zvasvika pamutengo uye saizi, NiMH bhatiri mapaketi ndiyo nzira yekuenda! Iwo anonyanya kudhura kugadzira nekugadzira, uye haadi yakaoma BMS senge lithium mabhatiri anoita. Uyezve, ivo havatore nzvimbo yakawanda semabhatiri e-lithium, saka unogona kukwana akawanda awo munzvimbo imwechete.

Kusiyana

Nimh Mabhatiri Vs Alkaline

Kana zvasvika kuNiMH vs. alkaline, inonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako. Kana iwe uchitsvaga inokurumidza uye yakavimbika magetsi sosi, saka rechargeable NiMH mabhatiri ndiyo nzira yekuenda. Vanogona kugara kusvika kumakore 5-10, saka iwe unozochengetedza toni yemari mukufamba kwenguva. Kune rimwe divi, kana iwe uchida bhatiri kune yakaderera-drain mudziyo unogara mwedzi mishoma, saka imwe-shandisa alkaline mabhatiri ndiyo nzira yekuenda. Izvo zvakachipa uye zviri nyore munguva pfupi. Saka, kana zvasvika kuNiMH vs. alkaline, inonyatsoenderana nezvido zvako uye bhajeti.

FAQ

Ko mabhatiri eNiMH anoda yakakosha charger?

Ehe, mabhatiri eNiMH anoda yakakosha charger! Kuchaja NiMH maseru kunoti trickier kupfuura NiCd masero, sezvo voltage peak uye kunotevera kudonha kunoratidza kuzara kudiki kwazvo. Kana ukavabhadharisa neNiCd charger, unomhanyisa njodzi yekuwedzeredza uye kukuvadza sero, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukudzikiswa kwehuwandu uye hupenyu hupfupi. Saka, kana iwe uchida kuti mabhatiri ako eNiMH agare, ita shuwa kuti unoshandisa chaja chaiyo pabasa!

Chii chakashata chekushandisa iyi mabhatiri eNiMH?

Kushandisa mabhatiri eNiMH kunogona kunge kuri kudhonza. Vanowanzo cheka simba kamwe kamwe kana vapera muto, pane kupera zvishoma nezvishoma. Uyezve, ivo vanozvisunungura nekukurumidza. Saka kana iwe ukasiya imwe mudhirowa kwemwedzi yakati wandei, uchafanirwa kuichaja zvakare usati waishandisa zvakare. Uye kana iwe uchida simba repamusoro kana pulsed mitoro, senge paGSM digitaalinen cellular phones, transceivers anotakurika, kana maturusi emagetsi, uri nani nebhatiri reNiCad. Saka kana iwe uchitsvaga bhatiri rakavimbika uye rinogara kwenguva refu, ungangoda kutarisa kumwe kunhu.

Zvakanaka here kusiya mabhatiri eNiMH akazara?

Ehe, zvakaringana kusiya mabhatiri eNiMH akazara! Muchokwadi, iwe unogona kuzvichengeta nekusingaperi uye ivo vachange vaine muto wakawanda kana wagadzirira kuishandisa. Hapana chikonzero chekunetseka pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwavo nekufamba kwenguva. Uyezve, kana iwe ukaona kuti dzakadzikira, ingovapa akati wandei ekuchajisa / kuburitsa ma cycle uye anozove akanaka seatsva. Saka enda mberi usiye iwo mabhatiri eNiMH akazara - hazvinetse!

Makore mangani mabhatiri eNiMH anogona kugara?

Mabhatiri eNiMH anogona kukugara kusvika kumakore mashanu, asi zvese zvinoenderana nekuti unoachengeta sei. Zvichengete munzvimbo yakaoma ine mwando wakaderera, pasina magasi anoparadza, uye patembiricha ye -5°C kusvika +20°C. Kana ukaachengeta munzvimbo ine mwando wepamusoro kana tembiricha iri pasi -45°C kana kupfuura +20°C, unogona kupedzisira wava ngura uye bhatiri rabuda. Saka, kana iwe uchida kuti mabhatiri ako eNiMH agare, ita shuwa kuti unoachengeta munzvimbo chaiyo! Uyezve, kana iwe uchida kuti vatore nguva yakareba, vabhadharise kamwechete pagore kudzivirira kubuda uye kuparara. Saka, kana iwe ukachengeta zvakanaka mabhatiri ako eNiMH, anogona kukugara kusvika kumakore mashanu.

mhedziso

Mabhatiri eNiMH inzira huru yekugonesa magetsi ako uye ari kuwedzera mukurumbira. Iwo akavimbika, anogara kwenguva refu, uye ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, saka unogona kunzwa zvakanaka nekuashandisa. Uyezve, zviri nyore kuwana uye hazvidhure. Saka, kana iwe uchitsvaga bhatiri idzva remudziyo wako, NiMH isarudzo yakanaka. Ingo rangarira kushandisa charger chaiyo, uye usakanganwe kutaura "NiMH" uchinyemwerera - zvine chokwadi kuita kuti zuva rako rive rakajeka!

Mhoroi, ndini Kim, amai uye munhu anofarira zvekumira-famba ane ruzivo mukugadzira midhiya nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu. Ndine chido chikuru chekudhirowa uye mifananidzo, uye ikozvino ndiri kunyura nemusoro munyika yekumira-kufamba. Neblog rangu, ndiri kugovera zvandinodzidza nemi varume.