Ukukhanya okukhoyo: Yintoni ekuFoto kunye nakwiCinematography?

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 27, 2022

Ukukhanya okukhoyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba Isibane seAmbient, ngumthombo wokukhanya osoloko ungekho ngqiqweni osele ukhona kwindawo. Yenzeka ngokwemvelo ukusuka elangeni okanye kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukufota okanye ukudubula ividiyo ngaphandle kokwenziwa Ukukhanyisa okanye izixhobo. Imifanekiso eyenziwe ngokukhanya kwendalo okukhoyo inokuvelisa inkangeleko emele ngaphandle kwiifoto ezithatyathwe ngoseto lwesibane sokwenziwa.

Olu hlobo lomthombo wokukhanya lukhethwa ngabaqeqeshi abaninzi abanqwenela ukufezekisa inkangeleko yendalo emsebenzini wabo kwaye bagweme ukuba baphathe izixhobo ezongezelelweyo. Ngelixa ukukhanya okukhoyo kunokuhlala kungalindelekanga ngakumbi kunokukhanya kwesitudiyo, oku kungabikho kokuqikelelwa kongeza ukuzenzela okuthile kunye nenkululeko yokuyila kumxube xa udutyulwa nayo. Ukongeza, abafoti kunye nabachwethezi bemiboniso bhanyabhanya abaphuhlisa ukuqonda kweyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo baya kubona iziphumo ezintle rhoqo ngaphandle kokucela umngeni.

• Iinzuzo zoKhanya olukhoyo
  • Ivelisa inkangeleko yendalo
  • Ayifuni izixhobo ezongezelelweyo
  • Yongeza ukuzenzela kunye nenkululeko yokuyila
• Iingcebiso zokuSebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo
  1. Chonga imithombo yokukhanya ekhoyo.
  2. Qonda ukuba ukukhanya okukhoyo kuyichaphazela njani indawo.
  3. Linga ngokubeka kunye nokwakheka.
  4. Lungisa yakho useto lwekhamera njengoko kufuneka.

Yintoni ukukhanya okukhoyo?

Ukukhanya okukhoyo ibhekisa kukukhanya kwendalo okukhoyo ukuze kusetyenziswe xa uthatha iifoto kunye neemuvi. Olu hlobo lokukhanyisa luhlala lukhethwa ngabafoti kunye nabathwebuli bemiboniso bhanya-bhanya njengoko lungokwemvelo kwaye luhlala luguquguqukayo. Ukukhanya okukhoyo kungasetyenziselwa ukudala iziphumo ezinomdla ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile. Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya okukhoyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kwiifoto kunye ne-cinematography.

• Photography
• Cinematography

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya okukhoyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu:

1. Ukukhanya kwendalo – Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lusetyenziswayo lokukhanya olukhoyo kwaye luhlala lusebenza kakhulu ekudaleni iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Ukukhanya kwendalo kungasetyenziselwa ukwenza uluhlu lweemoods ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-soft and romantic to hard and dramatic.
2. Ukukhanya Artificial – Ukukhanya okwenziwayo kungasetyenziselwa ukongeza ukukhanya kwendalo okanye ukwenza umoya ohluke ngokupheleleyo. Olu hlobo lokukhanyisa luhlala lusetyenziswa xa kufotwa kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi okanye xa kufunwa umbala okanye umoya othile.
3. Ukukhanya okuxutyiweyo - Ukukhanya okuxutywe kukudibanisa ukukhanya kwendalo kunye nokufakelwa kwaye kungasetyenziselwa ukudala umoya oyingqayizivele. Olu hlobo lokukhanyisa luhlala lusetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-cinematic njengoko lunokudala umxube oyingqayizivele wemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neetoni.

UkuKhanya kweNdalo

Xa ujonga ukukhanya okukhoyo, kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: endalo kwaye eyenziweyo. Ukukhanya kwendalo kuko nakuphi na ukukhanya okuphuma elangeni, enyangeni okanye ezinkwenkwezini. Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lemini, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezi zibane zinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, imibala kunye nezalathiso. Yinto encinci yobugcisa ukufunda indlela yokuhlengahlengisa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya kwendalo ukuze ufumane okuninzi kuyo kwiifoto zakho okanye kwifilimu.

Kwifoto kunye ne-cinematography ukukhanya okukhoyo kubhekiselele kuzo zonke ezibonakalayo engeyiyo yokwenziwa imithombo yokukhanyisa ekhoyo kwindawo, njengokukhanya kwelanga okuza ngeefestile okanye ezantsi ukusuka phezulu, ukubonakaliswa kweendonga kunye nezinye izinto kwisakhelo, izibane zesitrato ebusuku njalo njalo. Ukukhanya kwendalo yenye yezinto zokuqala eziqwalaselwa ngabafoti xa bephanda ngeendawo ezinokudutyulwa kuzo kunye nokwenza isigqibo ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthatha indawo yabo.

Kukho iindlela ezithile zokwandisa ukusebenza kokukhanya kwendalo kuquka:

• Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ekhanyayo njengezibuko okanye iiambrela zesilivere ezinokonyusa ukuqaqamba kwayo ngokuyigxumeka ijikeleze kumxholo wakho;
• Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga ngokubeka izifundo zakho ngobuchule;
• Ukusebenzisa izihluzi zangaphandle ezifana ND (ubuninzi obungathathi hlangothi) izihluzi oko kukunceda ukulawula ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo kungena kwilensi yakho nangaliphi na ixesha.

Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukuvezwa ixesha elide ngeeyure zasemini eqaqambileyo, isihluzi se-ND siyakwenza ukuba uthathe ezo zithonga ngaphandle kokuzityhila kakhulu!

Isibane seArtificial

Ukukhanya Artificial kukho nakuphi na ukukhanya okungafumanekiyo ngokwendalo. Inokuza ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye isetyenziswe ukufezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo kwiifoto kunye ne-cinematography. Imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa ibandakanya ukukhanya kwe-studio, i-flash, izibane ze-LED, ukukhanya kwe-tungsten, ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent, izibane ze-HMI kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ezifana nezibane okanye iithayile zomgangatho.

Izibane ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiifoto eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-cinematography zi iibhalbhu ze-tungsten, iityhubhu ezibengezelayo, I-HMIs (iHydrargyrum Medium-Arc Iodide), ii-LEDs, iiyunithi ezidanyazayo kwaye izibane zokukhanyisa studio. Ezi zibane zinokuhlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini—imithombo yokukhanya eqhubekayo ezikhupha ukukhanya okuzingileyo kwindawo kangangexesha elithile kwaye ukubhuqa or izibane eziphazamisayo ekhupha ukukhanya okufutshane ngenjongo ethile.

Xa usebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya eyenziweyo yokufota okanye i-cinematography kubalulekile ukuthathela ingqalelo Iqondo lobushushu yemvelaphi, kwicala elililo yemveliso yomthombo wokukhanya kunye ngamandla womqadi. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze umahluko unokufaka isicelo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yokukhanyisa eyenziweyo ukunqanda iindawo ezinobushushu okanye izithunzi eziqinileyo ezinokuvela kwiifoto okanye kwiividiyo ukuba azisetyenziswanga kakuhle.

Iinzuzo zoKhanya olukhoyo

Ukukhanya okukhoyo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokufota kunye ne-cinematography. Ibhekisa kuwo nawuphi na umthombo wokukhanya kwendalo okusingqongileyo onokusetyenziswa ukukhanyisa indawo. Olu hlobo lokukhanya lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanywa lula kunye nokwenyani, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kubafoti abaninzi kunye nabathwebuli bezithombe. Ngezantsi, siza kuntywila kwezi zibonelelo kwaye siphonononge ukuba kutheni ukukhanya okukhoyo kubaluleke kangaka.

• Izibonelelo zokukhanya okukhoyo:
• Ukuzonwabisa
• Inyani

Isebenza kakuhle emalini

Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okungeyonyani, ukukhanya kwendalo kokona kukhanya kungabizi kakhulu ongakusebenzisa kwifoto kunye ne-cinematography. Ukukhanya okukhoyo kwendalo akufuni naluphi na utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo kwizixhobo okanye kwizibonelelo. Xa udubula ngaphandle, ngakumbi ngeyure yegolide okanye ngorhatya, kuphela uhlengahlengiso oluncinci olunokufuneka ukunyusa umgangatho wokukhanya osele usenzeka ngokwendalo. Ke ngoko, ukukhanya okukhoyo kwendalo akufuni nkcitho eyongezelelekileyo ekuthengeni izibane ezikhethekileyo okanye izitendi.

Ukongeza, ukukhanya okukhoyo kukwathintela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokugqithisileyo xa udubula ngaphakathi. Ukukhanyisa indawo yomboniso kufuna umbane omninzi kwaye kunokubiza kakhulu malunga namatyala ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngelixa kunokubakho iimeko apho kufuneka ukukhanyisa okwenziweyo, ukwenza iifoto ezilungileyo ngokukhanya kwendalo okukhoyo kunokonga imali kunye nomzamo wokuvelisa izinto ezibonakalayo ezinomtsalane ngaphandle kokutyala iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokuseta izibane ezenziweyo.

• Izinto eziluncedo zokukhanya kwendalo
  • Ayifuni naluphi na utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo kwizixhobo okanye kwizibonelelo.
  • Uhlengahlengiso oluncinci lunokufuneka ukunyusa umgangatho wokukhanya.
  • Ithintela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokugqithisileyo xa udubula ngaphakathi.
  • Igcina imali kunye nomzamo ekuveliseni imbonakalo ekhangayo.

Yenza inkangeleko yeNdalo

Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo kwiifoto kunye ne-cinematography kukukwazi ukudala inkangeleko yendalo. Ngokungafaniyo nezibane zesitudiyo, ezinokuphosa ilitha elibukhali elinokuthi lithathwe njengeliyenziwe, ukukhanya okukhoyo kunokulinganisa iimeko zokukhanya kwendalo kwaye kubonelele ngenkangeleko ethambileyo apho ababukeli abaninzi bafumana umdla ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba ichanekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kokusingqongileyo, izibane ezikhoyo zinceda abafoti kunye nabathwebuli bemiboniso bhanyabhanya ukuba benze imifanekiso eqaqambileyo enemibala echanekileyo. nyani ebomini.

Ukukhanya okukhoyo kukwabonelela kakuhle kwiindlela zokufota ezinje ngeesilhouettes okanye umdlalo wesithunzi. Ukukwazi ukudubula ngaphandle kokusekwa kokukhanya kwangaphandle kubeka indawo kwindawo yomfoti okanye i-cinematographer kwaye ibanika ithuba lokuzama ngeembono ezahlukeneyo okanye iingoma ukuze babambe abaphulaphuli babo.

Ngaphaya koko, ukusebenzisa izibane zendalo okanye ezikhoyo kunceda abafoti kunye neefilim balondoloze izixhobo ngelixa befumana iifoto ezintle. Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphatha izixhobo ezinkulu okanye ukufuna izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezenziweyo, ezinokufuna abasebenzi abongezelelweyo, abafoti kunye neefilimu banokugxila ekubambeni i-angle abayifunayo ngaphandle kokuba nemiqobo eyongezelelweyo echaphazela ixesha labo lokudubula.

• Iinzuzo zoKhanya olukhoyo
  • Yenza inkangeleko yendalo
  • Ichanekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kokusingqongileyo
  • Ubuchwephesha bokufota bokudala
• Izinto eziluncedo zokuKhanya okukhoyo
  • Inkangeleko ethambileyo
  • Imibala echaneke ngakumbi
  • Zama ngezimvo ezahlukeneyo
  • Ulondoloza izixhobo

Kulula Ukulawula

usebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo kwifoto kunye ne-cinematography inokubonelela ngoluhlu lweenzuzo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kukuba kulula kakhulu ukulawula xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya kwe studio. Ukukhanya kwendalo kunokumiswa ngokulula, kusasazeke, okanye kuqondiswe ngokutsha ukunqanda ukuchitheka kokukhanya kunye nokunciphisa umahluko.

Ngokungafaniyo nefilimu yemveli okanye iifoto zedijithali, ukukhanya okukhoyo kunokusetyenziswa ngobuchule ukongeza umoya kunye nomoya. Ukukhanya okuvela kwimithombo yendalo kuhlala kuthambile kunokukhanya kwe studio, okuvelisa iziphumo ze-cinematic ngakumbi. Isalathiso kunye nomgangatho wokukhanya unokutshintshwa ngokusetyenziswa izikrimu or isilika kulawulo lomkhombandlela, okanye ukusebenzisa ikhowudi ukugcwalisa izithunzi ngokukhanya okuthambileyo, okungathanga ngqo.

• Inzuzo yokusebenza ngokukhanya okukhoyo kuthetha ukuba abathwebuli beefoto kunye nabafoti bayakwazi ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha lokubeka izibane ezininzi kwindawo enkulu okanye ukujongana neentambo zombane ezinzima.
• Akukho mfuneko yamaxesha awandisiweyo wokuseta kwindawo nokuba; uhlengahlengisa nje iisetingi zakho ngokusekelwe kwinto esele ikhona.
• Ukukhanya okukhoyo kukwabonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi xa udubula ngaphandle kwendawo yesitudiyo.

Imingeni yokusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo

Ukuthatha imifanekiso usebenzisa ukukhanya kwendalo kuphela yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokufota kunye ne-cinematography, kunye neendlela ezifana ukukhanya okukhoyo ngokuya ithandwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni ethile ekufuneka umntu ayithathele ingqalelo xa esebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo, njenge ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo losuku kwaye ukujongana neemeko zemozulu. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga eminye imingeni ephambili yokusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo kwifoto kunye ne-cinematography.

1. Ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo losuku
2. Ukujongana neemeko zemozulu

Kunzima UkuLawula

Xa usebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo, kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukulawula nokulawula ukukhanya, xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenzisa ukukhanya okwenziwayo. Ayizizo zonke iindawo ezinobushushu obufanayo bombala kunye nobunzulu, ngoko kunokuba nzima ukufumana ibhalansi elungileyo phakathi kweendawo ezivezwe kakhulu kunye nezingacaciswanga kangako kukudubula kwakho. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo okuvela kweminye imithombo engqongileyo kunokubangela izithunzi ezingafunekiyo ezenza kube nzima ukwenza umfanekiso okholisayo. Ukongeza, unokuzifumana ukwiimeko apho ukukhanya okukhoyo kunganelanga kwinto oyifunayo kukudubula kwakho. Kwezi meko awuyi kukwazi ukunyenyisa ukuseta izibane njengoko unokwenza ngokukhanyisa okwenziweyo, kukushiya neenketho ezimbalwa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina zonke ezi zinto zahlukeneyo engqondweni xa usebenza ngokukhanya okukhoyo: Iqondo lobushushu, amanqanaba okuqina kwaye ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo zonke zinempembelelo kumgangatho womfanekiso wakho. Ukongeza, ukuba nokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iindlela zokuvezwa kubalulekile xa usebenza ngokukhanya okukhoyo njengowona mthombo wokhanyiso-into enokuthatha ixesha kunye nokuziqhelanisa ukuyilawula.

Izinketho ezinqunyelwe

Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo kuneengenelo ezininzi, kodwa kuza neseti yayo yemingeni ekhethekileyo. Ngokhetho olunyiniweyo lokukhanyisa, kuthatha iliso lobuchule ukwenza okuninzi kuyo yonke indawo. Eminye yemiceli mngeni emikhulu ojongene nayo ngelixa usebenza ngokukhanya okukhoyo kubandakanya:

• Iengile/umkhomba-ndlela: I-engile kunye nesikhokelo somthombo wakho wokukhanya yinkxalabo yokuqala xa usebenzisa ukukhanya okukhoyo. Ngokukhanya kwendalo, awunalo ulawulo oluninzi malunga nokuba luvela phi okanye luwela njani kumxholo wakho.
• Ubunzulu: Ngokunye nokulungelelanisa i-engile kunye nesalathiso, kufuneka ucinge ukuba ukukhanya kwakho okukhoyo kuya kuba kubukhali kangakanani okanye kuqaqambe kangakanani kumxholo wakho. Awunakusoloko uhlengahlengisa oku ngokulula njengoko unako xa usebenzisa izibane ezenziweyo.
• Isindululo esichaziweyo: Ukukhanya okukhoyo kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, okuthetha ukuba naluphi na utshintsho kwindawo okanye umgama unokuchaphazela kakhulu ukudubula kwakho. Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokubangela utshintsho ekuvezweni okanye kushiye izithunzi ezingafunekiyo ngendlela entle.
• Unyino lwexesha: Ukusebenza ngokukhanya kwendalo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yexesha - ukubonelela ngefestile elinganiselweyo yokuseta kunye nokudubula ngaphambi kokuba umgangatho wokukhanya okukhoyo uqale ukuncipha kakhulu ukudala eminye imingeni enjengokufaka imibala efunwayo kunye nemibala okanye ukungabi neenkcukacha ezithile ngenxa yokubonakala okuphantsi. /amanqanaba okhanyiso aphuma kwimithombo yokukhanya emincinci/ukhetho/.

Qi kekanga

Enye yezinto eziphambili ezikhohlisayo xa ukudubula ngokukhanya okukhoyo kukuba inokuthi iqikeleleke ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwayo kwizinto ezisingqongileyo. Amanqanaba okuvezwa kunye nomgangatho wokukhanya okukhoyo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, ezifana ixesha losuku, Lonyaka, indawo esibhakabhakeni, iimeko zemozulu, kunye nemibala eyahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwesifundo. Xa ukudubula ngokukhanya kwendalo ngaphandle, ukukhanya kwelanga kwasemini okunamandla okuxhaphake kakhulu ngexesha leentsuku ezinelanga kunokwenza ukuba izithonga zangaphandle zibe rhabaxa kwaye kube nzima ukuzilawula. Olu hlobo lokukhanya olukhoyo lunokwenza izithunzi ezinzima kunye neempawu zobuso ezigqwethekileyo kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba usasazeke ngokulinganayo kwindawo enkulu ngokulula.

Ngaphezu koko, ukukhanya okukhoyo kubangela ubunzima ekulawuleni ibhalansi emhlophe okanye ubushushu bombala. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezikufutshane kunye nobushushu okanye ibakala lombala elinje ngamahlamvu aluhlaza akhupha ithowuni ye-magenta ngaphandle kokuvezwa okanye imbonakalo yamanzi edala iimibala eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ezichaphazela ibhalansi emhlophe iyonke kwaye ivelisa iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zeefoto. Uninzi Iikhamera zinesetingi zebhalansi ezimhlophe ezizenzekelayo kodwa zihlala zingachanekanga ngakumbi kwiimeko ezicela umngeni zokukhanyisa njengezinto zangaphakathi ezingenafestile umbala oxutywe amaqondo obushushu apho uninzi lwabenzi boluvo lwekhamera ludla ngokuguquguqula ukuvezwa ukuya kwisiphelo esishushu ngelixa imifanekiso enesiphumo ijongeka tyheli ngokugqithisileyo, ngelixa zifuna uhlengahlengiso ngesandla kwiimenyu zekhamera okanye ngexesha lesigaba sasemva kokulungiswa.

• Isibhakabhaka esisibekele sivelisa ukukhanya okungalinganiyo okuthambileyo ngokudibanisa iithowuni ezingathathi hlangothi kodwa ezinkulu ezithambileyo ngelixa zikwasebenza njengezibonisi ezijikelezayo kuba nawuphi na umthombo oqaqambileyo uya kubuyela umva ngokuthe ngqo kwizakhelo eziwujikelezileyo ukuba uyafuneka.
• Eminye imithombo eluncedo efana nezibane zasesitalatweni ivumela abafoti ukuba bajonge indlela encinci yokufota ebusuku ngokususa imfuno yesibane ngokusebenzisa izibane ezibini zombane ngokutshintshanayo ukuze bafumane iziphumo ezingcono ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okusingqongileyo nokuba ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokubonakalayo kukhokelela kuphela iziphumo eziphuphayo nokuba kutyhilwa ixesha elide kwiindawo ezixineneyo.

isiphelo

Ukuququmbela, ukukhanya okukhoyo ligama lokufota kunye ne-cinematography yokukhanyisa kwendalo okanye okwenziweyo ukulungiselela ukusetwa kwemiboniso kunye nokudubula. Abafoti abachwepheshile, abathwebuli bevidiyo, kunye nabathwebuli bhanyabhanya kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo ukukhanya okukhoyo kwindawo ukuze bakwazi ukuseta ngokufanelekileyo imifanekiso yabo. Amandla okukhanya, isalathiso saso kunye nobushushu bombala zonke zidlala kwisakhiwo sefoto okanye ividiyo. Abafoti basebenzisa i-strobes, izibonisi kunye nezinye izixhobo ukuze guqula ukukhanya okukhoyo ekhoyo ukuze kuphunyezwe isiphumo esifunekayo. Xa kudityaniswa nezixhobo zokukhanyisa, ukukhanya okukhoyo kunokusetyenziswa ukwenza iifoto ezimangalisayo kunye neevidiyo ezikumgangatho wobuchwephesha.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.