Umgangatho wevidiyo yeAudio (AVS): Yintoni kwaye uyisebenzisa nini?

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Julayi 5, 2022

I-AVS, okanye i-Audio Video Standard, ngumgangatho weteknoloji yomsindo kunye nevidiyo eyenziwe yi-Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group (AVS-WG) yaseChina.

Ibonelela ngoyilo olumanyeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kweqonga lophuhliso lwealgorithms yomsindo kunye nevidiyo yekhowudi.

Umgangatho wenzelwe ukubonelela ngetekhnoloji ethembekileyo nesebenzayo yeaudio kunye nevidiyo yokukhowuda ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zombini izicelo eziphathwayo kunye nezizinzileyo.

Le intshayelelo iya kuchaza iimpawu zomgangatho we-AVS kwaye ixoxe xa kungcono ukusebenzisa i-AVS kwikhowudi yomsindo kunye nevidiyo.

Inkcazo ye-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) yi-ITU (I-International Telecommunication Union) i-audio kunye ne-video compression algorithm esemgangathweni eyenziwe yi-China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB). Injongo ye-AVS kukubonelela ngamava emultimedia anyanzelekileyo ngendlela esebenzayo ngokusebenzisa ubugcisa obukhoyo.

I-AVS isebenzisa ubume bomthi kunye nokuqikelelwa kwe-motion-mbuyekezo kunye nokuguqula iindlela zokubhala iikhowudi ukuze kufakwe ngokufanelekileyo imijelo yomsindo / yevidiyo ngexabiso eliphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neminye imigangatho ephezulu. Ixhasa izigqibo ezininzi ukuya kwisisombululo se-UHD 4K / 8K, kunye nokusebenza kwekhowudi ephezulu kune-H.265 / HEVC, H.264 / MPEG-4 AVC kunye nezinye iikhowudi eziphambili. Ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza, i-AVS iye yaba yeyona teknoloji isetyenziswa kakhulu kwividiyo yokucinezela usetyenziso lwemultimedia.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-AVS ziquka:
• Ixabiso lebit elisezantsi iziphumo ezinomgangatho olungileyo wemifanekiso;
• I-scalability ephezulu ebonelela ngokuguquguquka kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo;
• Inkxaso yokubambezeleka ephantsi eyenza ukuba kwenziwe izigqibo ngokukhawuleza;
• Ukusebenza okuqinisekisiweyo kokudlala kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo;
• Inkxaso yobunzulu bombala we-10-bit;
• Ubuninzi bee-macroblocks zevidiyo ezingama-8192 ngesakhelo ngasinye.

Imbali ye-AVS

I-AVS ngumgangatho wevidiyo kunye noxinzelelo lomsindo ophuhliswe yi-Audio Video Coding Standard Workgroup yaseTshayina, okanye i-AVS-WG. Yaphuhliswa njengempendulo yamazwe ngamazwe kwiimfuno zoshishino kwiindawo zekhowudi yemifanekiso / yomsindo, ukudala iqonga lokhuphiswano lwe-algorithm phakathi kwamaziko akumgangatho ophezulu wamazwe ngamazwe.

Iinguqulelo ezimbini zokuqala ze-AVS zakhululwa ngo-2006 kunye no-2007 ngokulandelelana, ngelixa i-iteration yesithathu (AVS3) yatyhilwa ngo-Oktobha 2017. ukwanda kokuntsonkotha kwe-algorithmic ngokuphuculwa kwee-algorithms zokubala.

Ukusukela ekukhululweni kwayo ngo-2017, i-AVS3 ibone ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yobuchule bayo bokudibanisa/ukwenza iikhowudi. Ukongeza, yamkelwe njengenxalenye yezicelo ezininzi ze-Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality enkosi kulwakhiwo oluphuculweyo lwe-encoding oluhambelanayo olulungele usasazo oluphilayo kwi-bitrate ephantsi kunye ne-latency encinci.

Ngokubanzi, izakhono ze-AVS zenze amava emultimedia asebenzayo anokuthi alungelelaniswe ukuxhasa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Ngaloo ndlela isetyenziswa ngakumbi kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini afana nenyani yenyani, inyani eyandisiweyo, ukuhanjiswa komxholo wosasazo, ividiyo kwiinkonzo ezifunwayo, iiseva zokusasaza ngaphezulu-phezulu kunye nezisombululo zokudlala zamafu phakathi kwabanye.

Iinzuzo ze-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) ngumgangatho wedijithali womsindo kunye nevidiyo evumela umgangatho ophezulu, ucinezelo olusebenzayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwedatha yeaudio kunye nevidiyo kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo. I-AVS isetyenziswa kusasazo, ukusasaza, ukudlala, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi zemultimedia. Eli candelo liya kugubungela zonke izibonelelo zokusebenzisa umgangatho we-AVS.

Umgangatho ophuculweyo

Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa umgangatho we-AVS kukuphucula umgangatho woxinzelelo lwedatha. Ukufezekisa lo mgangatho, umgangatho usebenzisa i-bitrate ephezulu kunye ne-algorithms ephucukileyo kuneekhowudi zemveli. Oku kuthetha ukuba imidiya ekhowudiweyo nge-AVS iya kuba yeyomgangatho ophezulu kunomxholo ofanayo ofakwe ngekhowudi nezinye iikhowudi.

I-bitrate ephezulu kunye ne-algorithms ephucukileyo ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ibuffering yevidiyo kunye nokuthintitha. Oku kungenxa yokuqina okukhulu kwekhowudi ye-AVS xa kufikwa kwiilahleko zepakethi kunye neempazamo kwiinethiwekhi ezisezantsi. Ukongezelela, oku kwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo, okuvumela ukusebenza okungcono xa usasaza okanye ukugcinwa kweefayile zeendaba kwizixhobo ezinomthamo olinganiselweyo wokugcina.

Ngaphaya koku, i-AVS ikwabonelela ngenkxaso ye-HDR (High Dynamic Range) encoding ethetha ukuba iividiyo ezifakwe ngekhowudi kusetyenziswa i-AVS zinokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-HDR ukunika ubunzulu obukhulu, umahluko kunye nokuchaneka kombala kwiividiyo eziboniswe kwisixhobo esinamandla se-HDR njenge-smartphone okanye ithebhulethi. ikhompyutha. Oku kuthetha izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezintle nokuba ubukele umxholo weHD ekhaya okanye usasaza iimuvi zakho ozithandayo ekuhambeni.

Ukonga iindleko

Enye yeenzuzo ekusebenziseni i-Audio Video Standard (AVS) yikhono lokugcina iindleko, njengoko libonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuvelisa nokusabalalisa imidiya yedijithali. I-AVS isombulula ukungahambelani phakathi kwevidiyo kunye neteknoloji yocinezelo lomsindo, okunciphisa iiprojekthi ezinxulumene nevidiyo ukuba zichazwe ngezixhobo ezijoliswe kwi-audio okanye ngokuphambene. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenzisa i-AVS kuphelisa imfuno yababoneleli bomxholo ukwenza iifayile zomntu ngamnye kuhlobo ngalunye lwesixhobo ekujoliswe kuso.

Nge-AVS, ifomathi yefayile ecinezelweyo enye inokudalwa kwaye isetyenziswe kwiindawo ezininzi ekujoliswe kuzo ngohlengahlengiso oluncinci okanye lungabikho. Oku kunciphisa iindleko zokugunyazisa kuba akukho mfuneko yeenguqulelo ezininzi zoxwebhu olufanayo kumaqonga ahlukeneyo. Le fayile enye inokuphinda ihlaziywe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendaba ezibandakanya ukusasazwa kweendaba, ukuveliswa kweDVD edibeneyo, njl., Ukunciphisa iindleko ezinxulumene nokuguqulwa okongeziweyo.

Ngaphaya koko, xa umxholo usasazwa ngetekhnoloji yokusasaza ukhutshelwa kwaye ekugqibeleni ukhutshelwe kwizixhobo zabasebenzisi ezifana neeselfowuni okanye iiPC, i-AVS iphucula ngaphezulu kweendlela zokubhala iikhowudi ngokubonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu womfanekiso kumaxabiso amancinci ngelixa ifumana umlinganiselo ongcono woxinzelelo xa uthelekisa neMPEG- esemgangathweni. 2 iteknoloji. Amazinga e-bit asezantsi anceda kwisantya sonikezelo kwaye aluncedo xa uhambisa umxholo kuthungelwano oluthile olufana neenkonzo ezisekelwe kwisathelayithi ezinomlinganiselo ongqongqo womda we-bandwidth ngenxa yomthamo we-downlink obiza imali eninzi.

ukuhambelana

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-AVS kukukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ukuvumela ividiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye neefayile zeaudio eziveliswe ukuba zidlalwe phantse kuso nasiphi na isixhobo. Eli nqanaba liphezulu lokuhambelana lenza i-AVS ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwimveliso yeaudio kunye nevidiyo yobuchwephesha, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwasekhaya.

I-AVS ikwaqinisekisa ukudlala ngaphandle komthungo kuzo zonke izixhobo ezininzi ezinokufakwa kwekhowudi ye-bitrate ekhawulezayo evumela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo okanye iisayizi ukuba zisebenzise iifayile ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kwelahleko kumgangatho. Imifanekiso ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nesandi esiveliswa ziimodeli ezinjalo zikwaxhathisa i-malware okanye iintsholongwane ezihlala zikhapha umxholo osuka kweminye imithombo. I-AVS ibandakanya uguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo oluqinisekisa nawuphi na umxholo owenziweyo uya kuhlala ukhuselekile, ukuthintela ubuqhetseba okanye olunye uhlaselo olunokuchaphazela idatha yomsebenzisi.

Sebenzisa Iimeko ze-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) yinkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwemidiya yedijithali eyenziwe yimanyano yaseTshayina. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthumela iaudio yedijithali kunye nevidiyo kwinethiwekhi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu koomabonakude bedijithali kunye nezinye. i-audiovisual izixhobo. Kweli candelo, siza kujonga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa umgangatho wevidiyo yeaudio, kunye nezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo.

Ukusasazwa

Inkqubo yekhowudi yevidiyo ye-AVS inezicelo ezininzi kusasazo, ngakumbi ukusasaza iTV yesathelayithi yedijithali, iTV yentambo kunye nosasazo olusemhlabeni. Ihlala isetyenziswa njengomgangatho wekhowudi yevidiyo engagqibekanga yosasazo oluthe ngqo lwesathelayithi (DBS) iinkonzo. Ikwadume ngokusasazwa kwevidiyo yedijithali (i-DVB) kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude wentambo, kunye nenkcazo ephezulu yeenkonzo zababhalisi bedijithali (HDDSL). Umgangatho we-AVS usetyenziselwa ukucinezela umxholo we-audio kunye nevidiyo ngaphambi kokuhanjiswa, ukuvumela ukuba uthunyelwe ngokulula kuthungelwano lwe-bandwidth elinganiselweyo njengamatshaneli onxibelelwano ngesathelayithi okanye i-TV yentambo.

Inkqubo ye-AVS ivumela abasasazo ukuba badlulise ulwazi oluninzi kwixabiso elifanayo lendawo xa kuthelekiswa neminye imigangatho efana ne-MPEG-2 okanye i-Multimedia Home Platform (MPEG-4). Ikwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezongezelelekileyo ezinje ngokuncipha kokuntsonkotha kokuntsonkotha, ukuphuculwa kokusebenza koxinzelelo kunye nokukaleka ngesantya sebit eguquguqukayo. Oku kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizicelo zikanomathotholo kunye nomabonwakude ezifuna ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okusebenzayo ngelixa zisazisa amava akumgangatho ophezulu wokujonga kwizixhobo zabasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Ukusasaza

Ukusasazwa kwezicelo kunokuxhamla kwi-AVS ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okungaguqukiyo komxholo weaudio kunye nevidiyo, kunye namava akumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu. I-AVS yenza ukuba ababoneleli bomxholo basasaze iinkqubo zeTV kunye nerediyo zihlala ngexesha lokwenyani kwi-intanethi kwiinguqu ezigudileyo phakathi kwemijelo, ezixhasa iifomathi ezininzi zokusasaza ngaxeshanye.

I-AVS isetyenziselwa ukusasaza iifomati zeaudio kunye nevidiyo ezifana neMP3, FLAC, AAC, OGG, H.264 / AAC AVC, MPEG-1/2/4/HEVC kunye nenye inkxaso yefomathi eyimfuneko ekuboneleleni ngoluhlu lweelwimi ezininzi kunye neelwimi ezininzi. -fometha iinkonzo zemidiya ye-intanethi kuzo zonke izikrini ezahlukeneyo.

I-AVS inokuqeshwa ukwenza usasazo olwandisiweyo lwamava kunye nohlengahlengiso lomgangatho wevidiyo eyeyakho kuluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo. Ixhasa zombini ukuhanjiswa kwefayile yenethiwekhi usebenzisa i-HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) okanye i-Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DASH) iiprothokholi kunye nokuhanjiswa kosasazo usebenzisa i-MPEG Transport Stream protocol (MPEG TS). Inkxaso yetekhnoloji ye-DRM efana nePlayReady, Widevine okanye iMarlin nayo ibandakanyiwe.

Ukongeza, i-AVS ibonelela ngeempawu ezifana nenkxaso yokutshintsha komthungo phakathi kwe-bitrate eguqukayo kunye nezigqibo; amaxesha okuqalisa ngokukhawuleza; izakhono eziphuculweyo zokubuyisela iimpazamo; ukuphuculwa kwesantya soqhagamshelwano; ukuhambelana nemigangatho emininzi yokusasaza imigangatho efana ne-HEVC okanye i-VP9 encoded iifayile; inkxaso yosasazo oluphilayo kuthungelwano lwe-IPTV; ukuhambelana ne SDI amakhadi wokubamba; inkxaso yosasazo oluninzi kuquka isakhono se-IPv6; Imetadata enexesha ehambelana nemigangatho yeID3 yokudibanisa ulwazi kwizinto ezivakalayo.

Ikomfa yeVidiyo

Inkomfa ngevidiyo yenye yeemeko eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwi-AVS. Iaudio kunye nevidiyo inokuhanjiswa phakathi kweendawo ezikude ezinomgangatho okufutshane weHD. I-AVS iyakwazi ukwenza oku ngenxa yeekhowudi zayo zokulungisa iimpazamo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezinceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kuphela ngowona mgangatho uphezulu womsindo kunye nevidiyo ofikelela kummkeli. Kungenxa yoko le nto i-AVS ibe ngumgangatho wenkomfa yevidiyo kumashishini amaninzi namhlanje.

I-AVS ikwaluncedo xa kufikwa kwi-scalability, njengoko ivumela abantu abangaphezu kwesibini ukuba bangenele umnxeba ngexesha elinye ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni umgangatho womsindo okanye wevidiyo. Ubuninzi be-AVS benza ukuvumelanisa iifowuni phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi kunokwenzeka kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye ufumana amava afana ne-HD ngaphandle kwe-lags okanye ukuphazamiseka okumileyo.

I-AVS ikwaxhasa iprothokholi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi yoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo zonke iiseshini kusetyenziswa iiprothokholi ze-intanethi ezikhuselekileyo (SSL). Oku kuthetha ukuba yonke idatha ekwabelwana ngayo phakathi kwabathathi-nxaxheba ihlala iyimfihlo kwaye ayinakufikelelwa nguye nabani na ngaphandle kwabo bamenyiweyo ukuba bajoyine kwifowuni. Lo maleko wongeziweyo wokhuseleko wenza i-AVS ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kumaqela afuna ukuhambisa ulwazi olubuthathaka ngexesha leeseshini zawo.

Imigangatho ye-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) ngumgangatho wekhowudi ye-audio-visual esetyenziswa kukuhanjiswa kwedijithali kunye nevidiyo. Iphuhliswe kwaye ilinganiswe yi-Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group yaseChina kwaye yaqala ukukhululwa kwi-2006. Imigangatho ye-AVS inceda ukubonelela ngokuhambelana phakathi kwemigangatho kwi-encoding yevidiyo kunye ne-decoding, kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wevidiyo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth. Eli candelo liza kuxoxa ngemigangatho ye-AVS ngokweenkcukacha kunye neemeko apho lisetyenziswa khona.

I-AVS-P

I-AVS-P (i-Audio Video Standard Preservation) yenye yeenguqulelo zamva nje zomgangatho we-AVS oye waphuhliswa ukuncedisa ekugcinweni kwexesha elide lemifanekiso ehambayo, kuquka ithelevishini kunye nefilimu. Lo mgangatho wenzelwe ukubonelela abasasazo kunye namanye amaziko ngefomathi efikelelekayo, ekhuselekileyo yokuthutha umxholo weaudio/wevidiyo.

Inkcazo yobugcisa ye-AVS-P isekwe kumgangatho weMPEG-2 woMbutho wokuMiselwa kweHlabathi (ISO) weMPEG-XNUMX. Ibonelela ngeempawu eziphuculweyo ezinjengomgangatho ophezulu womfanekiso ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-bitrate, ukudityaniswa nemigangatho yosasazo ekhoyo eyenza ukuba isetyenziswe kuzo zombini iiplatifti zokuhanjiswa kwemveli kunye nedijithali, i-algorithms yoxinzelelo oluphuculweyo olunciphisa i-bitrate ngaphandle kwelahleko ebonakalayo kwividiyo okanye kwikhwalithi yomsindo, kwaye ikwavumela ukufikelela. kwiinguqulelo ezininzi zeprogram. Zonke ezi mpawu zenza i-AVS-P ibe lukhetho olukhulu xa kuziwa ekuboneleleni ngezisombululo ezigqwesileyo zokugcinwa kwexesha elide kumxholo womsindo/obonwayo.

Itekhnoloji ye-AVS-P iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwevidiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu kumgama omde kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi zosasazo apho ukugqwethwa komqondiso kungumba okanye apho abasebenzisi bafuna indawo ekhuselekileyo yokubeka umxholo wabo. Inkqubo ye-AVS-P isebenzisa ii-codecs ezimbini - i-codec yevidiyo ye-H.264 / MPEG 4 Icandelo le-10 i-Coding yeVidiyo ePhambili (AVC), ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-HVC, exhasa zombini HD kunye ne-4K isisombululo; kunye ne-audio codec i-Dolby AC3 Plus (EAC3) exhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8 channels. Ukudityaniswa kwezi codec zimbini kunika i-AVS-P izibonelelo ezinkulu kwiinkqubo ze-analog zelifa xa kufikwa ekugcineni ukuthembeka okuphezulu komsindo / umxholo obonakalayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-AVS-M

I-AVS-M (i-Audio Video Standard—Multimedia) ngumgangatho osekwe yiQela eliSebenzayo le-AVS yeVidiyo yeSizwe yaseTshayina kunye neQela lokuLungelelanisa i-Audio Coding Standard. Lo mgangatho ubonelela ngeqonga elibanzi lophuhliso lwemultimedia kunye nokuhanjiswa, kubandakanya umfanekiso, imizobo ye-3D, oopopayi kunye nesandi.

I-AVS-M igxile kwizicelo ezifana nosasazo lukamabonakude wedijithali kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ukwenzela ukuba kuveliswe umxholo okumgangatho ophezulu ohlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi ngelixa unciphisa iindleko. Ibandakanya iiprothokholi zothumelo, iimfuno zekhowudi yedatha, imigaqo yoyilo loyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokunye.

Iimpawu eziphambili zomgangatho we-AVS-M ziquka:
-Ikhowuwudi yevidiyo yemultimedia eyoyikisayo exhasa amaxabiso evidiyo ukusuka kwi-2kbps–20Mbps
-Ihambelana ngokubanzi neminye imigangatho efana ne-H264 / AVC kunye ne-MPEG4 Icandelo le-10 / 2 yokusebenza kakuhle (ukusebenzisana)
-Inkxaso yokufaka iikhowudi kwiifomati ezine ezahlukeneyo zemidiya: iaudio, umbhalo, imifanekiso kunye noopopayi
-Inkxaso yemizobo ye-3D
-Kumboniso wesikrini (OSD) iifitsha zokwenza ukuba abasebenzisi bahlengahlengise useto ngokuthe ngqo kwizikrini zabo zokubonisa izixhobo
-Inqaku lekhowudi yeJPEG2000 exhasa imifanekiso ephezulu
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zosasazo lwedijithali eTshayina ngelixa ikwasetyenziswa kwezinye iimarike zehlabathi ezifana neJapan kunye neYurophu. Ukongeza, yamkelwe ziinkqubo zenethiwekhi zaseTshayina ezibandakanya iCCTV.

I-AVS-C

I-AVS-C yi-Audio Video Standard, okanye i-AVS, ephuhliswe yi-Audio kunye neVidiyo yeCoding Standard Working Group (AVS WG) ye-China Video Industry Association (CVIA). I-AVS-C isekwe kwi-H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, kwaye yenzelwe ukwenza usasazo lwevidiyo yedijithali yaseTshayina ibe nomgangatho obonakalayo obalaseleyo ngelixa idibana nemigangatho yehlabathi.

I-AVS-C ibonelela abenzi befilimu iingenelo ezininzi ngaphezu kwemigangatho yekhowudi yevidiyo yeMPEG ekhoyo efana neMPEG-2 kunye neMPEG-4. Ivumela iinkonzo ezininzi zevidiyo ukuba zihanjiswe kwi-bandwidth yetshaneli enye, ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwamajelo osasazo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba isebenzisa ii-algorithms zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukunciphisa imfuno ye-bit rate ngaphezulu kwetekhnoloji ye-HDTV efana ne-blu-ray, ikwanceda kakhulu ukunciphisa iindleko ezivela kubavelisi.

I-AVS-C ixhasa amanqaku amaninzi angafumanekiyo kweminye imigangatho equka i-high frequency bandwidths ukuya kwi-10MHz iyenza ilungele izicelo zeHD; imowudi ye-latency ephantsi; ireyithi yesakhelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-120 izakhelo ngesekhondi; iifomati zombala ezihambele phambili; iifomati zekhowudi zomsindo ezifana ne-AAC, MP3 kunye nePCM; inkxaso yebitrate eguquguqukayo yonikezelo olutyibilikayo lomsinga kungakhathaliseki iimeko zothungelwano; ukuphuculwa kokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokusetyenziswa kolwazi olushukumayo kunye neempawu zemifanekiso; iindlela ezisezantsi zokukhowuda ividiyo; ukulungiswa kwemposiso ephezulu; iimvavanyo zomgangatho wesithombe usebenzisa izakhelo zereferensi kunye novavanyo lwemodeli yerobhothi yokwenyani.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-AVS-C ziyahlukahluka njengoko zinokusetyenziswa kwizicwangciso ezininzi ezibandakanya ukusasazwa kwedijithali, ukusasazwa kwe-intanethi kwiiplatifti zokusasazwa komxholo wemidiya, iinkonzo zeTVOnline iiplatifti zeselula, iinkqubo zezicelo zemfundo ezifunwayo (POD), iinkonzo ze-IPTV ezisebenzisanayo, iinkqubo ze-Cable TV kunye abanye.

isiphelo

Umgangatho we-AVS ubalulekile kwiingcali zomsindo kunye nevidiyo ukuba zihlale zikhumbula xa ukhetha eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokubamba kunye nokusasaza umxholo wabo. Njengoko udumo lwayo luqhubeka lusanda, ukwazi ukuba nini kwaye njani ukusetyenziswa kwalo mgangatho kubalulekile kuye nawuphi na umthengi, ishishini, okanye umnikezeli wenkonzo ojonge ukufumana okuninzi kumava abo eendaba. Kweli nqaku, sihlolisise izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo ze-AVS, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwayo. Isiphetho sicacile-i-AVS ngumgangatho obalulekileyo kunye nonamandla onokusetyenziswa kwimpembelelo enkulu.

Isishwankathelo se-AVS

I-AVS imele i-Audio Video Standard kwaye yikhowudi yevidiyo eyenziwe e-China yi-Audio Video Coding Standard Workgroup. Lo mgangatho uphuhliswe ngaphezulu kwamagalelo amaninzi avela kwiiyunivesithi ezininzi zaseTshayina, amaziko ophando, kunye neenkampani zetshiphu zevidiyo zaseTshayina. Yaphehlelelwa ngo-Agasti ka-2005, kwaye ukusukela ngoko yenzelwe ukuba ilingane nenkqubo yosasazo yedijithali ephezulu echazwe eTshayina.

I-AVS idibanisa ubugcisa obuphambili obufana neMifanekiso yeMifanekiso yeSibonelelo soKwahlulahlula (MFRP), i-Advanced Intra Coding (AIC), i-Advanced Inter Prediction (AIP), i-Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF), i-Deblocking Filter (DF) kunye ne-10 bit 4: 2: 2 indawo yombala yokubonelela ngesakhono sokwenza iikhowudi esibanzi esijoliswe ukuhlangabezana ngokusondeleyo neemfuno zothungelwano lokuhanjiswa komxholo weHDTV. Ikwabonelela ngezakhono eziphuculweyo zokulawula ubungakanani obufana nokwenza ngcono, ukwabiwa kwebit okuguquguqukayo komxholo, i-macroblock esekelwe kumxholo wendlela yokutsiba indlela yokwenza isigqibo, phakathi kwabanye.

Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni kweenkonzo ze-HBBTV ngaphakathi eTshayina, i-AVS inokubonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu wemifanekiso kuneminye imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe xa ithelekiswa nezicelo ezisisigxina ze-bitrate encoding ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zosasazo kwihlabathi jikelele namhlanje. Ibonelela ngokusebenza okungcono xa ujongana nemiboniso eshukumayo entsonkothileyo kwaye ikhokelela ekuphuculeni kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle koxinzelelo xa kudityaniswa ne-suite epheleleyo yezixhobo zokufaka iikhowudi ezomeleleyo ezibandakanya iindlela ezintsha zokuqikelela isakhelo kunye neendlela zokuguqula.

Ke ngoko, i-AVS yifomathi efanelekileyo yokufaka umxholo wemultimedia kwizisombululo zeHD ezifana ne-720p okanye i-1080i/1080p ngelixa ugcina iimfuno ze-bandwidth ezilinganiselwe ngokufezekisa amaxabiso amahle oxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa umgangatho wokubonwayo okanye eminye imigangatho yomsindo efana neDolby Digital Plus okanye i-AAC/HE-AACv1/ v2 iifomati zekhowudi yomsindo.

Izinto eziluncedo ze-AVS

Ukusebenzisa i-AVS kunika inani leenzuzo ezenza ukuba zibe nomtsalane kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala nokuphambili, iimpawu ze-AVS uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa, oku kuthetha ukuba umgangatho wevidiyo / i-audio yokuqala igcinwe kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukwenza ividiyo/iaudio yenqanaba lobuchwephesha ngokuhambelana noko unokulindela ukukubona kwiithiyetha bhanyabhanya okanye kusasazo lukamabonakude. Ukongeza, i-AVS ikwabonelela ngokusebenza kwekhowudi kunye namaxesha okubhalwa kwekhowudi, kunye nokuhamba kwe-latency ephantsi eqinisekisa unxibelelwano olukhawulezayo phakathi kwezixhobo ezibini. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yobume bayo obungengobunini, i-AVS ingasetyenziswa kunye neemveliso ezisuka kulo naliphi na inani labavelisi-ngoko ukuhambelana akusayi kuba ngumba. Ekugqibeleni, ekubeni i-AVS isekelwe kumgangatho we-H.264 (ofanayo osetyenziselwa iidiski ze-Blu-Ray), nawuphi na umsebenzisi unokuqiniseka ukuba imveliso yakhe iya kuhlala kwinqanaba lokusika iminyaka ezayo.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.