Amaqhosha omyalelo: Zezantoni kwiKhompyutha kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Julayi 6, 2022

Amaqhosha omyalelo ayinxalenye yeenkqubo ezininzi zekhompyuter kunye nezicelo. Babonelela ngendlela ekhawulezayo nefanelekileyo yokwenza imiyalelo, ngokucofa nje kanye.

Amaqhosha omyalelo aqhele ukufunyanwa njengenxalenye yojongano lomsebenzisi, nokuba kwimenyu enikezelweyo okanye njengenxalenye yebar yesixhobo.

Ukuqhubela phambili kweli nqaku, siya kudlula iziseko zamaqhosha omyalelo kwaye sinike imizekelo embalwa yendlela yokuyisebenzisa.

Inkcazo yamaqhosha omyalelo

Amaqhosha omyalelo luhlobo lojongano lomsebenzisi olusetyenziswa kwisoftware yekhompyuter kunye neewebhusayithi. Zibonakaliswa ngokubonakalayo ziisimboli okanye amagama kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa isenzo okanye umyalelo onokuthathwa ngumsebenzisi. Amaqhosha omyalelo ahlala eboniswa njengebhokisi ezixande okanye izangqa eziqulathe okubhaliweyo komyalelo. Umfanekiso kunye nokubhaliweyo ngaphakathi kweqhosha kuya kuhlala kukutshintsha umbala xa umyalelo uhanjiswa phezu okanye ucinezelwe, ubonisa ukuba uvuliwe.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abasebenzisi banxibelelana namaqhosha omyalelo ngokuwacinezela nokuba ngekhesa yemouse okanye usebenzisa isixhobo sokukhomba esifana nephedi yomzila. Xa ucofa, iqhosha lenza intshukumo esetwe ngumdwelisi wayo njengokuprinta, gcina, buyela umva okanye uphume.

Amaqhosha omyalelo asenokunxulunyaniswa neendidi ezithile zesoftware efana neenkqubo zokuhlela ividiyo apho imiyalelo efana nokudlala, unqumamo kunye nokubuyisela umva ihambelana nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Ukwazi ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo amaqhosha omyalelo kubalulekile kwimisebenzi emininzi yekhompyuter ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uziqhelanise nosetyenziso lwabo ukuze ukwandise imveliso yakho ngeekhompyuter.

Iintlobo zamaqhosha omyalelo

Amaqhosha omyalelo yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswayo ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo (GUI) kwikhompyutha. Zenzelwe ukunika abasebenzisi indlela elula yokuqalisa isenzo esithile xa ucofa. Amaqhosha omyalelo angasetyenziselwa izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokutshintsha useto, ukuphumeza inkqubo, okanye ukuvula ifayile. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaqhosha omyalelo, inkangeleko yawo, kunye nendlela yokuwasebenzisa.

Cofa amaqhosha

Iqhosha lokutyhala luhlobo lweqhosha lomyalelo eliqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuphumeza intshukumo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kuyo ngokuthi "iqhosha" kwaye ngokubanzi iqulethwe ngamacandelo amabini; isiseko esimileyo kunye neqhosha eliyinyani phezulu elinokutyhalelwa phezulu okanye ezantsi ukwenza umyalelo. Amaqhosha okucofa aqhele ukusetyenziswa njengokutshintsha, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bavule okanye bavale izixhobo, bavule iinkqubo, bajonge iimenyu kunye namakhonkco ewebhusayithi, kwaye benze ukhetho ngaphakathi kwezicelo okanye iinkqubo.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zamaqhosha okucofa - okwethutyana kunye nokuguqula - ezichaza indlela iqhosha eliphendula ngayo xa licinezelwe. Amaqhosha okutyhala okomzuzwana asetyenziswa ngokulula ukuqalisa isiganeko esifana nokuvula inkqubo ethile okanye isicelo; Nje ukuba umsebenzisi ekhuphe iqhosha, akukho nyathelo lingaphaya liya kwenzeka. Amaqhosha okuguqula ahlala esebenza ade avuswe kwakhona ukuze angasebenzi; olu hlobo lokutshintsha luqhelekileyo lufumaneka kwii-consoles zomdlalo wevidiyo, ukulawula imisebenzi yemidlalo efana nezicwangciso zesantya okanye amanqanaba evolumu.

Kwimiba yokubala, amaqhosha amaninzi atyhala aqulathe isiqalelo somzobo njenge icon ebonisa ngokubonakalayo umsebenzi ewenza xa yenziwe ngokucinezela iqhosha ezantsi. Umzekelo, i icon ingabonisa ukucofa izakukusa phambili inyathelo elinye ngaphakathi kwenkqubo okanye useto lwemenyu (utolo oluya phambili), ngelixa enye inokubuyisela umva imisebenzi yakho yangoku (utolo lwangasemva).

Amaqhosha eRadio

Amaqhosha erediyo ngamacandelo ojongano lomsebenzisi asetyenziselwa ukuqokelela igalelo kumsebenzisi. Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Iqhosha lokuKhetha." Ezi zisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe kuluhlu lokhetho. Umzekelo, banokukuvumela ukuba ukhethe phakathi kwexesha lokuqeshwa ngoMvulo kunye nexesha lokuqeshwa ngoLwesibini. Xa zicofa, ziba “nonomathotholo” okanye zisebenze.

Xa kukho ngaphezu kweqhosha lerediyo elinye kwiqela elinikiweyo, ukukhetha elinye kuzo kubangela ukuba abanye kwelo qela bangakhethi ngokuzenzekelayo; Ngale ndlela, iqhosha elinye kuphela lonomathotholo kwelo qela lingakhethwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Oku kunyanzela umsebenzisi ukuba enze ukhetho olucacileyo kwaye lubathintele ekubeni bangakhethi nantoni na (enganqweneleki ngokubanzi).

Imbonakalo yamaqhosha erediyo ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yokusebenza; Ngokwesiqhelo bazakuba nezangqa ezincinci ezinokuzaliswa nokuba ichaphaza, uphawu okanye umnqamlezo xa usebenza okanye ungenanto xa ungasebenzi okanye ungagqibanga. Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Amaqhosha erediyo kufuneka asoloko ebandakanya izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezikhethiweyo. Ukuba kukho into enye kuphela ekhethiweyo, ngoko kufuneka ibonakale njengebhokisi yokukhangela endaweni yeqhosha lerediyo.

Iibhokisi zokujonga

Iibhokisi zokukhangela yenye yeentlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zamaqhosha omyalelo anokusetyenziswa kujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo. La maqhosha, amile okwexande, avumela umsebenzisi ukuba abonise ukhetho olunye okanye ngaphezulu kuluhlu lokhetho. Iibhokisi zokukhangela zinebhokisi engenanto eneleyibhile echaza ukhetho olumeleyo, kwaye xa ucofa ngumsebenzisi, ibhokisi izaliswe okanye "ikhangelwe" ukuqinisekisa ukhetho olukhethiweyo. Xa ingakhangelwa okanye icocwe, ukhetho luyacinywa.

Cofa indlela yokuziphatha kwiibhokisi zokukhangela zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zikhethe-kanye okanye zikhethwe kaninzi. Ibhokisi yokukhangela enye-ekhethiweyo iyakungakhangeli ngokuzenzekelayo nawaphi na amanye amagalelo akhethiweyo xa olo khetho lwenziwa-ivumela into enye kuphela ukuba ikhethwe ngexesha-ngelixa iibhokisi zokukhangela ezininzi-ezikhethiweyo zivumela ukhetho oluninzi ngaphakathi kweseti kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zifuna isenzo sokungakhethi esicacileyo umsebenzisi.

La maqhosha omyalelo ahlala efumaneka kwiibhokisi zencoko yababini kunye neemenu zezicwangciso, apho abasebenzisi kufuneka benze ukhetho kuluhlu phambi kokuqhubeka nesenzo. Ukhetho oluphumayo luhlala lumisela indlela isicelo esiphendula ngayo kwimiyalelo kunye nokufakwa kwedatha ukusuka kuloo ndawo ukuya phambili.

Usetyenziswa njani amaqhosha omyalelo

Amaqhosha omyalelo asetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter ukwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukusebenzisana nesoftware. Ngokuqhelekileyo avela njengamaqhosha anombhalo kuwo kwaye avulwe xa umsebenzisi ecofa okanye ewacofa. Amaqhosha omyalelo ayindlela entle yokwenza iinkqubo zisebenziseke kwaye zinokunceda ukukhawulezisa iinkqubo. Kwesi sikhokelo, siza kuxoxa ngendlela yokusebenzisa amaqhosha omyalelo kunye noncedo lokuwasebenzisa.

Cofa amaqhosha

Amaqhosha omyalelo, akwaziwa njengamaqhosha okutyhala, lulawulo anokucofa ngalo umsebenzisi ukubonisa ukhetho lwabo. Amaqhosha omyalelo asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifom kunye neebhokisi zencoko yababini ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba abambe idatha yegalelo, vala ibhokisi yencoko yababini okanye enze isenzo.

Uninzi lwamaqhosha omyalelo asetyenziswa ukuqalisa isenzo esifana nokudibanisa ungeno olutsha okanye ukucima elinye. Nangona kunjalo, zinokusetyenziswa naso nasiphi na isenzo esifuna ukuba umsebenzisi anike imvume - nokuba ngokucofa iqhosha okanye olunye ulawulo olufana nento yemenyu. Olunye usetyenziso lwamaqhosha omyalelo luquka ukulawula oopopayi (okufana notolo oluqhwanyazayo) ukuze ubambe ingqwalasela nokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba angenise iifom ezisezantsi okanye amabala ngaphakathi kohlobo olusele lukhona (oku kuluncedo ekufakeni iindidi ezininzi zolwazi xa usenza into) . Ukwenza kube lula kumsebenzisi, amaqhosha omyalelo anokubonelela ngeengcebiso eziluncedo malunga nendlela asetyenziswa ngayo.

Xa uyila ujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo (GUI) kwisicelo sakho sekhompyuter, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imiyalezo esebenzayo kunye nemiyalezo yegraphic kwiqhosha ngalinye lomyalelo ukuze abasebenzisi bokugqibela baqonde ngokuthembekileyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa becofa. Khumbula kwakhona ukuba kufuneka unciphise okanye ulinganise inani lamaqhosha omyalelo kwiphepha ngalinye ukuze kungabikho ukhetho oluninzi olugqithise abasebenzisi bakho. Kukwaluncedo ukuba uyila ngobungakanani obungaguqukiyo kunye nokumila ukuze ugcine ukuqheleka kumaphepha kunye nezicelo; oku kwenza ukuba ukuhambahamba phakathi kwezikrini kube lula kakhulu kubasebenzisi bakho.

Amaqhosha eRadio

Amaqhosha erediyo ngamaqhosha omyalelo kwikhompyuter avumela abasebenzisi ukuba benze ukhetho olunye ukusuka kuluhlu lweenketho ezichazwe kwangaphambili. Ukusebenzisa amaqhosha erediyo, umsebenzisi ufuna ukucofa kuphela ukhetho oluya kuphawulwa okanye, ezinye iinkqubo zinokuthi "zitshekishe" kuyo. Amaqhosha erediyo anokuvumela kuphela ukhetho olunye nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye aqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiifom okanye imibuzo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo zibekwe kunye kwiqela ukuze ukhetho olunye kuphela phakathi kwazo zonke iinketho luvunyelwe. Ukuba ukhetha ukhetho kwiqela, emva koko ayikhethi ukuba yeyiphi ebikhe yajongwa ngaphambili kwaye ijonga ngokuzenzekelayo ukhetho olutsha endaweni yoko-kungoko igama: iqhosha lerediyo. Oku kunokuba luncedo xa kufakwa imibuzo kwiifomu xa 'akukho nanye kwezingasentla' ingeyompendulo eyamkelekileyo; awufuni ukuba umntu ashiye ngempazamo nawaphi na amanyathelo angenanto!

Ukubonelela ngokusebenziseka okungcono, "iqhosha" ngalinye kufuneka libonise ngokucacileyo ukuba libhekiselele okanye limele ntoni (oku kunokuba ngumfanekiso okanye umbhalo) ukuze abasebenzisi baqonde ukhetho lwabo kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku akukho mfuneko, iqhosha elinye lokungenisa linokusetyenziswa kwakhona ukuba akukho zimpendulo zizodwa phakathi kokhetho lwakho.

Iibhokisi zokujonga

Iibhokisi zokukhangela yenye yezona zixhaphakileyo amaqhosha omyalelo afunyenwe kwi-computing, inika indawo apho umntu angabonisa uhlobo oluthile lwesivumelwano okanye ukhetho. Ukuvula la maqhosha omyalelo, abasebenzisi bayakucofa ngokuqhelekileyo ibhokisi ukongeza uphawu lokukhangela, oluya kubonisa ukuba ibhokisi ikhethiwe. Kungenjalo, iibhokisi ezingakhethwanga zinokuvela njengezikwere ezingenanto ezingenanto.

Kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo esetyenziswayo, abasebenzisi banokucofa kwaye babambe iqhosha labo lemouse ukutsala kwiibhokisi ezininzi zokukhangela njengesenzo esinye. Umzekelo, iinkqubo ezininzi zokuodola kwi-intanethi zisebenzisa iibhokisi zokutshekisha ukukhetha ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifunwayo kwaye ke zonke ezo zinto zibekwe ngendlela enye ngaphandle kokufuna ukugqitha kuluhlu ngalunye ngalunye. Olu khetho luhlala ludityaniswa kunye phantsi kwebinzana elithi "khetha zonke".

Imizekelo yamaqhosha omyalelo

Amaqhosha omyalelo ayinxalenye yegraphical user interface evumela abasebenzisi ukuba basebenzisane neprogram. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwiibhokisi zencoko yabasebenzisi, kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yamaqhosha omyalelo athi Lungile, Rhoxisa, kunye noNcedo. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga eminye imizekelo eqhelekileyo yamaqhosha omyalelo kunye nendlela yokuwasebenzisa.

Cofa amaqhosha

Amaqhosha acofayo ziziqwenga eziphathekayo zehardware ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula nokunxibelelana nezixhobo zombane. Abizwa ngokuba ngamaqhosha okucofa kuba ayasebenza xa uwacofa. Amaqhosha okucofa afumaneka kwii-consoles zokudlala, ii-microwaves, kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane, kodwa aqhele ukunxulunyaniswa neekhompyuter ngenxa yokuthandwa kwazo kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nojongano lomsebenzisi.

Amaqhosha omyalelo akhona njengenxalenye yezinto zojongano lomsebenzisi ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba banxibelelane nesixhobo sabo sekhompyuter. Badla ngokunikezela ngofikelelo kwimiyalelo yemenyu okanye useto (ezifana noseto lwekhadi lesandi). Amaqhosha omyalelo anokuvela ngokobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo ukuquka iibhokisi ezixande ezirhangqwe ngumda, izangqa okanye izikwere ezineeleyibhile zokubhaliweyo okanye ii-ayikhoni ngaphakathi kwazo. Umsebenzisi usebenzisana neqhosha lomyalelo ngokulicinezela okanye ngokulinqakraza ngekhesa (ngesiqhelo ngeqhosha lasekhohlo lemouse).

Xa ucinezela iqhosha lomyalelo, iintshukumo ezithile zinokukhokelela njengokuvula iimenu ezilahlayo (imenu zokutsalela-phantsi), ukuqaliswa kwezicelo, ukubonisa ibhokisi yencoko yababini yoqwalaselo iparameters okanye ukwenza imisebenzi kujongano lomsebenzisi womzobo (GUI). Umzekelo, ukucofa iqhosha lomyalelo elithi "Kulungile" kunokuvala ifestile yencoko yababini evulekileyo ngelixa ucofa iqhosha lomyalelo elithi "Rhoxisa" linokuseta kwakhona naziphi na iiparamitha ezitshintshiweyo kumaxabiso azo oqobo phambi kokuvala ifestile efanayo.

Amaqhosha eRadio

Amaqhosha erediyo ngamaqhosha omyalelo avumela umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe elinye kumaxabiso amabini okanye ngaphezulu amiswe kwangaphambili. Umzekelo wamaqhosha onomathotholo kukukhethwa ngokwesini, apho ukhetho olulodwa lunokukhethwa ngexesha (indoda okanye ibhinqa). Omnye umzekelo "ubukhulu" ukhetho kwivenkile ye-intanethi - unokukhetha ubungakanani obunye obusebenza kuzo zonke izinto.

Uphawu olwahlulayo lwamaqhosha erediyo kukuba ahluke ngokufanayo: ukuba ukhetha ukhetho olunye, abanye baye bangakhethwa. Oku kwahlukile kwiibhokisi zokukhangela, ezivumela ukhetho oluninzi kwaye lungenalo ilizwe "elikhethekileyo". Ngenxa yobume bazo obukhethekileyo kunye nefom echanekileyo, izinto zeqhosha lerediyo zinokugqithisa ngokufanelekileyo imiqobo yefom kunye nokukhetha okulula komsebenzisi kumsebenzisi wewebhu.

Nangona kunjalo, amaqhosha erediyo kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela xa kukho ukhetho olumbalwa; xa kukho inani elikhulu leenketho kuba nzima kumsebenzisi ukuskena kuzo zonke-umzekelo, ukukhetha isixeko kumakhulu ezixeko ezinikezelwe njengezinto zamaqhosha erediyo kuya kuba yindinisa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iimenu ezihlayo okanye iibhokisi zokukhangela.

Iibhokisi zokujonga

Iibhokisi zokujonga ngamaqhosha omyalelo avumela abasebenzisi ukukhetha enye okanye ngaphezulu kuluhlu. Ukukhetha ukhetho luphunyeziwe ngokunqakraza kwibhokisi yesikwere esetyenziselwa ukuphawula ukhetho. Olu khetho lunokutshintshwa ngokunqakraza kwibhokisi yesikwere kwakhona ukuze ungakhethi ukhetho. Iibhokisi zokujonga zinosetyenziso oluninzi, olufana neefomu ze-intanethi okanye izicelo ezifuna ukuba abasebenzisi bakhethe iinketho ezithile malunga nezinto abazikhethayo kunye nolwazi lobuqu, kunye neewebhusayithi zokuthenga ezibonisa abasebenzisi beemveliso banokongeza kuluhlu lwabo lokuthenga.

Olunye usetyenziso lweebhokisi zokutshekisha kukulawula imisebenzi, njengoko ifunyenwe kwiiplatifti zolawulo lweeprojekthi ezisebenzisanayo ezibonelela ngeebhokisi zokukhangela imisebenzi ehambelana neprojekthi nganye kunye noluhlu lomsebenzi. Imizekelo yolu hlobo lweqonga luquka uluhlu lweMisebenzi kaMicrosoft kunye nojongano lomphathi weprojekthi yeTrello.

Amaqhosha erediyo ayafana kwisakhiwo kunye nenjongo yokukhangela iibhokisi ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa amaqhosha erediyo anokuqulatha kuphela ukhetho olunokwenzeka olumbini kunoluhlu lweenketho ezilungelelanisiweyo ezifana nezo zibonwa ngeebhokisi zokutshekisha.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, amaqhosha omyalelo asisixhobo esixabiseke kakhulu kwaye sihlala singasetyenziswanga kwihlabathi lekhompyuter. Nokuba isetyenziselwa imisebenzi elula efana nokukopa kunye nokuncamathisela okanye ukwenza izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nokuqhuba inkqubo, la maqhosha anokonga ixesha, amandla, kunye nomzamo xa ugqibezela nawuphi na umsebenzi kwikhompyutha. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaqhosha omyalelo, into ayenzayo, kunye nendlela asetyenziswa ngayo. Njengoko uhlobo ngalunye lweqhosha lodwa kwaye lunokuzalisekisa iinjongo ezininzi ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo, kubalulekile ukufunda kwimiyalelo ethile ehambelana namaqhosha omyalelo ngaphambi kokwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kwi-computing.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.