Ubumba: UbuGcisa obuLibelelweyo...Okanye Ngaba Bubo?

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Oktobha 31, 2022

Ngoko ufuna ukuqalisa ngokwenziwa kodongwe okanye mhlawumbi unomdla wokwazi ukuba yintoni na i-claymation.

I-Claymation yindibaniselwano "yodongwe" kunye "noopopayi" oqulunqwe nguWill Vinton. Bubuchule obusebenzisa udongwe, kunye nezinye izinto eziphathekayo, ukudala imiboniso kunye nabalinganiswa. Ziyasuswa phakathi kwesakhelo ngasinye ngelixa zifotwa ukwenza inkohliso yokuhamba. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukumisa iifoto ezishukumayo.

Kuninzi onokukwenza kwaye ubone kunye nobumba, ukusuka kwiidrama ukuya kwi-comedies ukuya kwi-horror, kwaye kweli nqaku, ndiya kukuxelela konke malunga nalo.

Yintoni ubumba

I-Claymation luhlobo lwe-stop-motion animation apho zonke iziqwenga ezinopopayi zenziwe ngemathiriyeli ethambileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ludongwe. Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu yodongwe ibandakanya ukufota okushukumayo okuyekiswayo, apho isakhelo ngasinye sithatyathwa ibe nye ngexesha. Isihloko sishukunyiswa kancinane phakathi kwesakhelo ngasinye ukwenza inkohliso yokuhamba.

Iintlobo zoopopayi bodongwe

Freeform: I-Freeform yenye yezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-claymation. Ngale ndlela udongwe luyatshintshwa ukusuka kwimilo enye ukuya kwimo entsha ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubuyisela oopopayi: Obu buchule busetyenziselwa ukuvuselela imbonakalo yobuso yabalinganiswa. Iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zobuso zenziwe ngokwahlukeneyo kwaye ziphinde zibekwe entloko ukubonisa iimvakalelo kunye nentetho enzima. Kwimveliso emitsha la macandelo atshintshanayo aprintwa nge-3D njengakwifilimu ye-Coraline.

Oopopayi beSitrata: I-animation ye-Strata-cut luhlobo lobugcisa oluntsonkothileyo lokubumba. Kule ndlela i-hump yodongwe inqunyulwa ibe ngamashiti amancinci. I-hump ngokwayo iqulethe imifanekiso eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi. Ngexesha loopopayi imifanekiso engaphakathi iyatyhilwa.

Umzobo wodongwe: Ukupeyinta ngodongwe kubandakanya ukususa udongwe kwiseyile esicaba. Ngobu buchule unokwenza zonke iintlobo zemifanekiso. Kufana nokupeyinta ngodongwe.

Ukunyibilika kodongwe: Oku kufana nokwahluka kobumba. Udongwe lubekwe kufuphi nomthombo wobushushu obangela ukuba udongwe lunyibilike, ngelixa lufotwa kwikhamera.

Ukufakwa kwi-blender

Ayingobuchule ngenene kodwa iprojekthi endonwabe ngayo yiBlender “Claymation” eyongezelelekileyo yokwenza oopopayi besitayile sokumisa. Enye yeempawu kukuba ungadala udongwe kwizinto zePencil yeGrisi.

Imbali yobumba

I-Claymation inembali ende kunye neyohlukeneyo, eyaqala ngo-1897, xa udongwe olulula, olusekelwe kwi-oyile olubizwa ngokuba yi "plasticine" lwaqanjwa.

Olona setyenziso lokuqala lwasindayo lobuchwephesha yiThe Sculptor's Nightmare, i-spoof kunyulo lukamongameli luka-1908. Kwi-reel yokugqibela yefilimu, i-slab yodongwe kwi-pedestal iphila, i-metamorphosing ibe yi-bust ye-Teddy Roosevelt.

Ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwii-1970. Iifilimu zodongwe zokuqala zenziwe ngabaphilisi abafana noWillis O'Brien kunye noRay Harryhausen, abasebenzisa udongwe ukwenza ulandelelwano lwentshukumo yentshukumo yeefilimu zabo zentshukumo. Ngeminyaka yee-1970, ukwenziwa kodongwe kwaqalisa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiintengiso zikamabonwakude nakwiividiyo zomculo.

Ngo-1988, ifilimu yodongwe kaWill Vinton ethi “The Adventures of Mark Twain” iphumelele imbasa yeAcademy Award yeyona filimu iMfutshane iOnimated iBalaseleyo. Ukususela ngoko, ukwenziwa ngodongwe kuye kwasetyenziswa kwiifilimu ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwiinkqubo zikamabonwakude nakwiintengiso.

Yayingubani umlinganiswa wokuqala wodongwe?

Umlinganiswa wokuqala wobumba yayisisidalwa esibizwa ngokuba nguGumby, owadalwa nguArt Clokey ngeminyaka yoo-1950.

Kwenziwa njani udongwe

Upopayi wodongwe luhlobo lopopayi wokuyeka ukunyakaza kusetyenziswa imizobo yodongwe kunye nemiboniso enokuthi iphinde ibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo udongwe oluthambileyo, njengeplastiki, lusetyenziswa ukwenza iimpawu.

Udongwe lunokubunjwa ngokwalo okanye lubunjwe lujikeleze amathambo ocingo, aziwa ngokuba zii-armatures. Emva kokuba umfanekiso wodongwe ugqityiwe, emva koko ufotwa ngefreyimu ngokungathi yinto ekhoyo ngokwenene, nto leyo ekhokelela kwintshukumo efana neyobomi.

Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu yobumba

Inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu eyenziwe ngodongwe idla ngokubandakanya ukufotwa kwemifanekiso eshukumayo, apho isakhelo ngasinye sithatyathwa ibe nye ngexesha.

Abenzi befilimu kufuneka benze wonke umlinganiswa kunye neeseti. Kwaye ke ubashukumisele ekudaleni inkohliso yentshukumo.

Isiphumo yimveliso ekhethekileyo apho izinto zisaphila.

Ukuveliswa kobumba

Ukuyeka ukunyakaza luhlobo olunzima kakhulu lokwenziwa kwefilimu. Iimveliso zefilim ezinophawu zihlala zinereyithi yefreyimu engama-24 ngomzuzwana.

Oopopayi banokudutyulwa "kwezinye" okanye "ezimbini". Ukudubula oopopayi “kwezinye” kukudubula iifreyimu ezingama-24 ngomzuzwana. Ngokufota “ezimbini” uthatha umfanekiso wesakhelo ngasinye ezibini, ngoko ke ziifreyimu ezili-12 ngomzuzwana.

Uninzi lweemveliso zefilimu zenziwa kwi-24 fps okanye i-30fps "ezimbini".

Iifilimu zobumba ezidumileyo

I-Claymation isetyenziswe kwiifilimu ezahlukeneyo, iinkqubo zikamabonwakude, kunye neentengiso. Ezinye zezona filimu zidumileyo zobumbano ziquka:

• Ubusuku obandulela iKrisimesi (1993)
• Ukubaleka kwenkukhu (2000)
• IParaNorman (2012)
• UWallace kunye noGromit: Isiqalekiso se-Ware-Rabbit (2005)
• ICoraline (2009)
• Iirasins zaseCalifornia (1986)
• I-Monkeybone (2001)
• Gumby: Ifilimu (1995)
• IPirates! Kwi-Adventure kunye neeNzululwazi! (2012)

Izitudiyo zoopopayi zodongwe ezidumileyo

Xa ucinga ngobumba, ezona studio zidumileyo zifika engqondweni. ULaika kunye noAardman oopopayi.

I-Laika ineengcambu zayo kwi-Will Vinton Studios, kwaye kwi-2005, i-Will Vinton Studios yaphinda yabizwa ngokuba yiLaika. Isitudiyo saziwa ngemveliso yefilimu efana neCoraline, iParaNorman, ikhonkco elilahlekileyo kunye neeBoxtrolls.

I-Aardman Animations situdiyo soopopayi saseBritane esaziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuyeka-intshukumo kunye neendlela zopopayi zodongwe. Banoluhlu olukhulu lwemiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye nochungechunge, kubandakanya uShaun the Sheep, Chicken Run, kunye noWallace kunye noGrommit.

Oopopayi bodongwe abadumileyo

• I-Art Clokey yaziwa kakhulu ngeGumby Show (1957) kunye neGumby: Imuvi (1995)
• UJoan Carol Gratz waziwa kakhulu ngefilimu yakhe emfutshane enopopayi uMona Lisa Esehla kwizinyuko.
• UPeter Lord umvelisi kunye nomseki we-Aardman Animations, owaziwa kakhulu ngoWallace kunye noGromit.
• UGarri Bardin, owaziwa kakhulu ngekhathuni yeFioritures (1988)
• UNick Park, owaziwa kakhulu ngoWallace kunye noGromit, uShaun weegusha, kunye neChicken Run
• Will Vinton, owaziwa kakhulu ngeMivulo evaliweyo (1974), Buyela e-Oz (1985) 

Ikamva lobumba

I-Claymation yindlela ethandwayo yopopayi esele ikho isithuba esingaphezulu kwenkulungwane. Nangona iye yathandwa kwakhona kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho abathile abakholelwa ukuba ubumbano lusecicini lokuphela.

Enye yeengxaki eziphambili ezijongene ne-claymation kukwanda kokuthandwa kwe-animation eyenziwe ngekhompyutha. I-Claymation ijongene nedabi elinyukayo ekukhuphisaneni ngokuchasene noopopayi beCGI. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokwenza ifilimu yobumba ihlala icotha kwaye ifuna umsebenzi, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukukhuphisana neefilimu ezikhawulezayo, ezilungelelanisiweyo zeCGI.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho abanye abakholelwa ukuba ukwenziwa kodongwe kusenayo indawo kwihlabathi loopopayi. I-Claymation yindlela eyodwa kwaye eguquguqukayo enokuthi isetyenziswe ukwenza abalinganiswa kunye noseto ngendlela eyodwa.

Amazwi okugqibela

I-Claymation yindlela eyodwa neyonwabisayo yopopayi enokuthi isetyenziswe ukwenza amabali kunye nabalinganiswa abanomdla. Nangona kusenokuthabatha ixesha ukugqibelela ubugcisa bobumba, imveliso yokugqibela isenokuwufanelekela umgudu. Ukwenziwa kodongwe kunokusetyenziswa ukubalisa amabali ngendlela engenakukwazi ukwenza enye indlela, kwaye inokuba yonwabisa kakhulu kubantwana nakubantu abadala.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.