Ifomathi yesikhongozelo okanye i-Wrapper: Isebenza njani iFayile yoTshintsho lwe-1985

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 28, 2022

Utshintsho lweFayile ye-1985 yifomati yedata esebenza njengesikhongozeli okanye isisongelo sedata. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukugcina nokuthutha idatha. Ifomathi isebenzisa isakhiwo esithile sebhinari ukubethelela idatha ngendlela ehambelanayo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Eli nqaku liza kudlula kwi iimpawu kunye namacandelo asisiseko ye Tshintshiselana ngeFomathi yeFayile, kwaye iya kucacisa Ingaba isebenza kanjani.

Isishwankathelo seFayile yeFayile yoTshintsho luka-1985

Utshintsho lweFayile ye-1985 (ekwaziwa njenge-IFF85 okanye i-IFF) Yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukugcina kunye nokutshintshiselana ngolwazi kwisikhongozeli okanye ifomati yokusonga. Yaphuhliswa yi-Electronic Arts kwi-1984 njengefomathi evulekileyo yefayile evulekileyo yokugcina i-cross-platform kunye nokunxibelelana kwedatha phakathi kweekhompyutha.

I-IFF85 yeyobuGcisa boMbane, kodwa isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ixhaswa ngabathengisi besoftware abaninzi. Eyona njongo iphambili ye-IFF85 protocol kukudlulisa idatha yokubini phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yekhompyutha ukuze igcinwe okanye isetyenziswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka. umbhalo, amanani, iigrafiki kunye nesandi.

IFF85 ixhasa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-32-bit yexabiso lokubini kunye nomboniso womtya we-ASCII wexabiso ngalinye. Ifomati ikwaxhasa ulawulo lwento oluvumela idatha ngaphakathi kwizikhongozeli ukuba icocwe ngakumbi kwaye ifakwe kuluhlu olufana ne umbala, umbala okhethiweyo kunye nonikezelo oluhlanganisiweyo. Ukongeza kobu buchule, i-IFF85 ikwabonelela ngokukwazi ukuncamathelisa izimvo kunye nedatha ngeenjongo zokubala.

Uyilo lweprotocol ye-IFF85 ivumela ukuba isetyenziselwe ezinye iinjongo ezinje ukusasaza imidiya okanye ukuhambisa isoftware apho iinxalenye zithunyelwa ngokwahlukeneyo phezu kodibaniso lwenethiwekhi endaweni yazo zonke ngaxeshanye ngendlela enye yokudlulisa ifayile. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ixesha elifunekayo ukukhuphela isoftware enkulu iinkqubo okanye iifayile zemidiya kufuneka zifune kuphela izahlulo zento enikiweyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amancinci anokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphezulu kodibaniso oluninzi ngaxeshanye kunokulinda de kube sisiphelo sawo onke amacandelo ngaphezulu koxhulumaniso olunye phambi kokuzisa yonke into kunye ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya-kukugqiba. umjikelo wenkqubo yokukhuphela omnye.

Ukumila Kwesikhongozeli

Ubume besikhongozelo, edla ngokufinyezwa njenge "CFF", sisakhiwo sedatha esisiseko seFayile yeFayile yoTshintsho. Le fomati ibonelela ngesakhelo soguqulelo lwekhowudi kunye nokucacisa iinkqubo zefayile ezintsonkothileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwefomati yokubini enye. IFomathi yeSikhongozeli sisebenza njengesisongelo sokuhlanganisa izinto zedatha kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nazo ngaphakathi kolwakhiwo lwedatha ehlanganisiweyo enye.

Makhe sihlolisise isebenza njani le fomati ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda ngcono ubunakho be-1985 Interchange File Format.

Yintoni ifomathi yesingxobo?

Ifomathi yesikhongozeli yingqokelela yemigaqo echaza indlela ifayile ekufuneka icwangciswe ngayo. Ikwachaza ukuba idatha kufuneka ifakwe njani ikhowudi kunye nendlela usetyenziso lwesoftware enokunxibelelana ngayo nefayile. Yaziswa okokuqala ngo-1985, njenge Utshintsho lweFomathi yeFayile (IFF).

Ingcamango emva kokusebenzisa le fomati kukuba ivumela izicelo ezahlukeneyo zesoftware ukufunda iindawo ezahlukeneyo zefayile, nokuba bezingenzelwanga ukufunda ezo fomati. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuguqula iifayile ukusuka kwifomati enye ukuya kwenye ngaphandle kokuphulukana nawo nawuphi na umxholo.

Ifomathi yekhonteyina idla ngokuba namacandelo amabini aphambili: imvulophu kunye nemixholo yayo. Imvulophu iqulethe ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nohlobo lwedatha equlethwe kwifayile kwaye ibandakanya izinto ezifana ne-compression algorithms, i-encryption algorithms, kunye neenkcukacha zokudlala kwakhona kwiifayile zemidiya ezifana ne-audio okanye ividiyo.

Zombini iziqalelo zigcinwa ngaphakathi kumacandelo eyaziwa ngokuba iziqwenga, ezifana nezikhongozeli ezingaphakathi kwizikhongozeli – iqhekeza ngalinye linemvulophu yalo equlethe ulwazi malunga noko kuqulethwe ngaphakathi. Ezinye iinqununu eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenwe kwiifayile ze-IFF ziquka I-RIFF (izibonelelo), ULUHLU (izintlu), i-PROP (iipropathi), kunye ne-CAT (iikhathalogu). Ezi ziqwenga zinokucwangciswa ngokoluhlu ukwenza i-IFF ubume bomthi obuchaza amasuntswana olwazi lwereferensi ehambelana nesiqwenga ngasinye.

Emva kokuba imixholo kunye nemvulophu ichazwe yi-IFF yesakhiwo somthi, iinkqubo zesofthiwe zingasebenzisa ukutolika idatha ngendlela ehambelanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi isicelo esiyenzile. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze amaxwebhu antsonkothileyo anje ngealbham yemultimedia okanye idatabase ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuhambelana okwaphukileyo phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngabahleli bombhalo okanye abadlali bemidiya.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiFomathi yesingxobo

Ifomati yesiqulathi, kwaziwa njenge IFF85 okanye iFamathi yoTshintsho lweFayile, ngumgangatho ovulekileyo wotshintshiselwano kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha kwi yedijithali iifayile. Yaphuhliswa ukuba isetyenziswe kwiikhomputha zobuqu, kodwa ngoku ifumaneka kumaqonga amaninzi ahlukeneyo ukusuka kubalawuli bamashishini ukuya kwizicelo ezisekelwe kwiwebhu. Iinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa le fomati zi izakhiwo zedatha ezihambelanayo kunye nokukwazi ukugcina iintlobo ezininzi zolwazi kwindawo enye.

IFF85 yifomati yefayile yoluhlu oluvumela usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo ukwabelana kunye nokutshintshiselana ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha. Inzuzo yolu lwakhiwo lwe-hierarchical kukuba inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana phakathi kwezicelo, ukwenza ulwazi luqondakala lula kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi na isicelo esiyenziwe ngayo okanye isicelo esiza kusetyenziswa ngaso. Ukongeza, i-IFF85 ibonelela ngezicelo ngokukwazi ukugcina iintlobo ezininzi zedata ngaphakathi kwifayile enye—kuquka imitya yokubhaliweyo, amanani okubini (kumaxabiso amanani), imiqondiso yesandi (yesandi) nokunye. Oku kwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukukhohlisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zedatha ngaphakathi kwesicelo esinye okanye utshintshiselwano phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesoftware eyilelwe imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo okanye amaqonga.

Ezinye izibonelelo ezinxulumene ne-IFF85 ziquka:

• Iqondo eliphezulu lokuthembeka kuba lonke ulwazi luhlala lunjalo ngexesha losulelo.
• Ukuhambelana nezinye iifomati zokugcina.
• Ukuqhotyoshela amandla okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bongeze amaxwebhu afana nemifanekiso kunye nemizobo.
• Isitampu senguqulelo esivumela abasebenzisi ukulawula uhlaziyo.
• Ukubuyiselwa okuthembekileyo ekuphazamiseni.
• Inkxaso yokudala/uhlengahlengiso kwimihla.
• Iimpawu zokhuseleko ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bakhusele iifayile ezitshintshileyo.
• Ukufakwa kweekhowudi kubude bobude kunciphisa ubungakanani bendawo efunekayo yokugcina idatha yolandelelwano olunzulu njengezakhelo zevidiyo okanye amagama angaxhaphakiyo.
• Ukudlala ngesantya esiguquguqukayo kwandisa ukuchaneka komdlalo kwakhona ngokulungelelanisa imveliso yesignali ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuphuculwa kokuthembeka kwesandi xa uhambisa isixa esikhulu seeparamitha zentetho ezinxibeleleneyo ngaxeshanye, kunye nezinye iingenelo ezininzi ezingenakwenzeka ngezinye iifomathi.

Ifomathi ye-Wrapper

Ifomathi yokusonga luhlobo lwe Ukumila Kwesikhongozeli eyaziswa ngo-1985. Yaphuhliswa Utshintsho lweFomathi yeFayile (IFF) njengendlela yokugcina iindidi ezininzi zedatha ngaphakathi kwefayile enye. Ngokusonga idatha kwifayile yokusonga enye, yenza kube lula kwiikhompyuter ukufunda kunye nokwabelana ngedatha.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha iziseko zefomathi ye-wrapper kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo.

Yintoni iFomati yokuSonga?

A isikhongozeli okanye ifomathi yokusonga yifomati yefayile, ehlala isekelwe kwimigangatho esele ikhona, equlathe olunye okanye iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zedatha kwifayile enye, ezimeleyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iifayile zespreadsheet eziqulethe zombini idatha kunye nekhowudi yeprogram, imifanekiso ye-bitmap eneetekisi ezifakwe kuzo kunye neefayile zesandi ezinenkcazo yombhalo.

Omnye umzekelo wefomathi yokusonga ngowe-1985 Utshintsho lweFomathi yeFayile (IFF). Iphuhliswe ukuba isetyenziswe ngeenjoystick kwiikhompyuter zeCommodore, le "IFayile yoTshintsho olufomathiweyo” iye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezicelo zemultimedia ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuthuthwa kumaqonga amaninzi awohlukeneyo.

I-IFF yahlula ifayile nganye ibe ziziqwengana ezinokufundwa ngokuzimeleyo enye kwenye. Isiqwenga siqulathe i Inombolo yesazisi, ulwazi lobungakanani kunye nedatha eyiyo egcinwe njenge-bytes okanye iimpawu ze-ASCII (okanye zombini). Isiqwengana ngasinye se-IFF kufuneka siqulathe inombolo yesazisi ukuya ichonge ngokukodwa phakathi kweziqwenga ezinxulumeneyo kwaye yahlule kwezinye iindidi zamacandelo; kukho ii-ID eziqhelekileyo zezalathisi eziphambili (EMVA), i-loop checkers (CKro) kunye noluhlu lwesiqwenga (LIST). Isazisi ngasinye sichonga uhlobo oluthile lwecandelo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yefayile ye-IFF.

Iifayile ze-IFF zikwasetyenziswa zizicelo ezininzi zomsindo/ividiyo kuba ziyakwazi ukugcina iindidi ezininzi zolwazi kwiphakheji enye efundeka lula/ephathekayo ngaphandle kokufuna iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokuyicacisa – kubandakanywa amaphepha amanqaku omdlalo wevidiyo, iifomathi zemodeli ye-3D kunye umsebenzi wobugcisa wedijithali.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiFomathi yokuSonga

Benzisa i ifomathi yokusonga Ukugcina ulwazi kuvumela imibutho ukuba igcine idatha kwiifomati ezininzi ngaphakathi kwesixokelelwano sefayile enye ngaphandle kokuphulukana neempawu zomxholo ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zilahleke ngenxa yeyantlukwano kwizicelo zesoftware okanye iilwimi. Ukugcinwa kwedatha, ukufikeleleka, kunye nokuphatheka zonke ziphuculwe kusetyenziswa ifomati esongayo, nto leyo eyenza ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane ekutshintshiseni ngedatha phakathi kweenkqubo.

1985 Utshintsho lweFomathi yeFayile (IFF) ngumzekelo wefomati yokusonga. Olu hlobo lwefomathi lusebenzisa isakhiwo esifana nemvulophu kunye neethegi ezisibhozo-byte ezichaza into nganye kwifayile kwaye ichaze uhlobo lwayo. IFF ikwasebenzisa izakhiwo ezincinci (okanye iziqwenga) zokulungelelanisa ezi zinto ngokoluhlu olunengqiqo.

Izinto eziluncedo zokusebenzisa ifomathi esongayo ziquka:

• Ukuhambelana kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, usetyenziso lwesoftware, kunye neelwimi;
• Ukuphatheka;
• Ukuba bhetyebhetye;
• Inkxaso engcono kwizinto zemultimedia ezifana nemifanekiso, iividiyo, ushicilelo lwelizwi kunye noopopayi;
• ukuhambelana ngasemva;
• Ukuphuculwa kombutho ngokusebenzisa i-chunk hierarchies;
• Ukwandiswa kokhuseleko ngeendlela zoguqulelo oluntsonkothileyo ezifana neesiginitsha zedijithali kunye namagama ayimfihlo;
• Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho efana I-MIME (Izandiso zemeyile ye-Intanethi yeMultimedia) iintlobo.

Ukusebenzisa ifomati yokugoqa ukugcina ulwazi kuvumela imibutho ukuba ifumane ngakumbi kwidatha yayo ngokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ngokukhawuleza, bafumane kwaye balawule iifayile zabo ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa naziphi na iimpawu zomxholo ngenye indlela ilahleke ngenxa yomahluko kwiilwimi zosetyenziso okanye iinguqulelo zesoftware.

uthelekiso

Utshintsho lweFayile yeFomathi (IFF), yakhululwa ngo-1985 kwaye isemgangathweni isikhongozeli okanye ifomathi yokusonga isetyenziselwa ukugcina iintlobo ngeentlobo zedatha yedijithali. I-IFF yifomathi yedatha eguquguqukayo exhaswa ngokubanzi ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zekhompyuter kunye nezicelo.

Kweli nqaku, siya kuthelekisa i-IFF nezinye iifomathi zesikhongozeli ukuqonda ngcono indlela esebenza ngayo.

Izinto eziluncedo zokusebenzisa iFomathi yesingxobo

Ifomathi yesikhongozeli efana neFomathi yeFayile yoTshintsho ka-1985 (IFF) isebenzisa indlela yokulungelelanisa idatha ibe "ziinqununu" eziqulethe ulwazi oluhambelanayo. Nangona oku kuluncedo kwiinjongo ezininzi, enye inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa IFF kukukwazi ukuququzelela utshintshiselwano lwedatha phakathi kwezicelo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqonga.

Xa usebenzisa ifomathi yesikhongozeli esinje IFF, iifayile zahlulahlulwe zibe ziziqwengana kwaye isiqwenga ngasinye siqulathe iheader equlathe uhlobo kunye nobude beqhekeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba isicelo akufuneki sikhathazeke ngohlobo kunye nobukhulu bedatha esiyifumanayo; idinga kuphela ukujonga kwi-header ukwazi ukuba luhlobo luni lwedatha ngaphakathi. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yokuba kuphela iindawo zefayile ezifuna ukulayishwa okanye ukuhanjiswa kunxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi nangaliphi na ixesha, IFF iququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwefayile ngokukhawuleza.

Ikwabonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi malunga nokulungelelanisa idatha, ulawulo lofikelelo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemfezeko:

• Umbutho wedatha ngaphakathi kwe IFF ingenziwa ngokulula kuba iinqununu zinokongezwa nayiphi na indawo ngaphakathi kwefayile kwaye imihlaba emitsha inokufakelwa ngokulula kwesele ikhona.
• Ukulawulwa kokufikelela kunokwenziwa ngokushiya iinxalenye zefayile ezingafundekiyo, ngelixa ukuqinisekiswa kwengqibelelo kwenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa ii-checksums ezibandakanyiweyo kwiintloko ezinxulumene ne-chunks okanye iifayile ezipheleleyo zokubona utshintsho lwengozi okanye iimpazamo ngenxa yemicimbi yokudlulisa.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa iFomathi yokuSonga

The ifomathi yokusonga ineenzuzo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwe ifomathi yesikhongozeli, ngakumbi ukuba isicelo siphuhliswayo sifuna iifayile ezininzi kodwa umthamo omncinci wedatha. Enye inzuzo kukuba ifomathi ye-wrapper ifuna izixhobo ezimbalwa kunefomathi yesikhongozeli kwaye ngenxa yoko kulula ukuyihambisa nokugcina. Ngaphezu koko, i-wrapper structure yenza umbutho wendalo wendalo owahlula iifayile zibe ngamaqela anengqiqo. Umzekelo, kwiprojekthi yopopayi ye-3-D, imifuziselo yedijithali enxulumeneyo kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto zinokudityaniswa ngokwengqiqo kwifayile enye kunokuba zigcinwe njengamaxwebhu ahlukeneyo.

Enye inzuzo yokusebenzisa i-wrapper kukuba yenza lula ulwahlulo lweefayile ezinkulu. Oku kuzivumela ukuba zahlulwe zibe ziincinci ezincinci zokusasazwa xa zisebenza ngeeprojekthi ezinkulu kuthungelwano okanye kwiinkqubo ezicothayo zehardware apho iheader eqhelekileyo kunye nolwazi olusezantsi lunokuba nefuthe kwizantya zeprosesa. Ukongezelela, ii-wrappers ziguquguquka ngakumbi kuba unokongeza okanye ukususa idatha kwifayile ekhoyo ngaphandle kokonakalisa ingqibelelo yayo, ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ifayile efanayo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Okokugqibela, ii-wrappers ziyakwazi ukugcina iindidi ezininzi zedatha ezenza zibe luncedo ekuphatheni zombini iinkqubo zemultimedia ezifana nemizobo kunye nomculo kunye nezicelo ezinxulumene ne-non-media ezifana namaxwebhu okubhaliweyo okanye i-spreadsheets.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, i Utshintsho lweFomathi yeFayile (IFF) ukusuka kwi-1985 yifomathi yefayile eguquguqukayo, ethembekileyo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa yotshintshiselwano lwedatha. Ibonelela ngendlela yokuthutha naluphi na uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bedatha, kubandakanywa iifayile zesandi, imifanekiso yegraphic, umbhalo kunye neenkqubo eziphunyezwayo.

I-IFF ibonelela ngendlela yokugcina iindidi ngeendidi zedatha ngaphakathi 'kwesikhongozeli' esicwangcisiweyo okanye 'somqulu' weefayile. Ikwaxhasa ukufikelela okungacwangciswanga okusebenzayo kulwazi olugcinwe kwifomathi yesikhongozeli.

I-IFF ivumela icandelo lefayile ngalinye ukuba lahlulwe elinye kwelinye; oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo eziyimfuneko kuphela zefayile iyonke zigqithiselwa ukuze ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-bandwidth kwaye uzigcine zicwangcisiwe kwidisk drive. Oku kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esifanelekileyo Ukufakwa kwedatha, ukupakisha izinto ezininzi kwiifayile enye okanye oovimba kunye nokusetyenzwa okuncinci okuphezulu. Ngamafutshane, i Utshintsho lweFomathi yeFayile (IFF) sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu esivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babelane ngokulula naluphi na uhlobo lwefayile yekhompyuter ngelixa begcina ixesha lokuzicwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo kwiihard drive zabo.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.