Yintoni ikhamera ye-DSLR? Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo sokuFoto ngeDijithali

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Julayi 9, 2022

Yintoni iDSLR? I-DSLR yi-digital single-lens reflex ikhamera, uhlobo lwekhamera esebenzisa isibuko ukubonakalisa ukukhanya ukusuka kwilensi ukuya kwi-optical viewfinder (OVF). Isebenzisa i-lens ene-sensor ebamba ukukhanya kwi-digital image sensor.

Igama elithi DSLR limele 'iDigital Single Lens Reflex.' Masingene nzulu kancinci koko kuthetha ukuthini.

Ukunciphisa iKhamera ye-DSLR: Ujongo olusondeleyo kwiSixhobo esiPhambili sobuNgcali

Ke, uyivile i-buzz malunga neekhamera ze-DSLR kwaye unomdla wokwazi ukuba yintoni na le ngxabano. Ewe, ufike endaweni elungileyo! Masingene kwihlabathi le-DSLRs kwaye sityhile iimfihlakalo ezingemva kwezi zixhobo zinamandla zokufota.

Yintoni kanye kanye ikhamera ye-DSLR?

I-DSLR, emfutshane ye-Digital Single-Lens Reflex, luhlobo lwekhamera evumela ukuba ubambe imifanekiso esemgangathweni ophezulu ngokulawula okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Ngokungafaniyo noogxa bayo be-point-and-shoot, ii-DSLRs zenzelwe abo bafuna ukuthatha iifoto zabo ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo.

Izahlulo eziphambili zekhamera ye-DSLR

Ukuqonda ngokwenene ukuba i-DSLR isebenza njani, kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa nezinto zayo eziphambili. Nazi iindawo eziphambili oza kuzifumana kuyilo oluninzi lwe-DSLR:

• Umzimba: Le yeyona ndawo iphambili yekhamera egcina zonke izinto zangaphakathi kunye nolawulo. Imizimba ye-DSLR iza ngokweemilo kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwincinci kwaye ixinene ukuya enkulu kwaye inzima, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.
• I-Lens: I-lens liliso lekhamera, evumela ukukhanya ukuba kudlule kwaye kubethe inzwa yekhamera. Ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweelensi zokukhetha, zikunika ukuguquguquka kokukhetha okulungileyo kwisiphumo esifunwayo.
• I-Sensor: Inzwa yintliziyo ye-DSLR, ithatha ukukhanya okungena nge-lens kwaye iguqule ibe ngumfanekiso wedijithali. Ii-DSLRs ziqhele ukuba ne-sensor ezikhulu kuneekhamera ze-point-and-shoot, ezikhokelela kumgangatho ongcono womfanekiso kunye nengxolo encitshisiweyo.
• Isibuko: Enye yezinto ezichazayo ze-DSLR yindlela yesipili. Xa ujonga nge-viewfinder, isibuko sibonisa umfanekiso oza nge-lens kwiscreen esijolisayo, sikuvumela ukuba ubone ngqo into ebonwa yikhamera.
• Imboniselo: Imboniselo yifestile apho uqamba khona ukudubula kwakho. Inika umbono wexesha langempela lendawo, ikuvumela ukuba wenze uhlengahlengiso kwaye ubambe umzuzu ogqibeleleyo.

Ukukhetha iKhamera ye-DSLR yasekunene

Ukuba ukulungele ukuthatha inyathelo kwaye utyale imali kwikhamera ye-DSLR, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uziqwalasele ngaphambi kokuthenga kwakho. Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali: Gqiba ukuba yimalini ozimisele ukuyisebenzisa, njengoko iikhamera ze-DSLR zinokususela kwiimodeli ezifikelelekayo zokungena ukuya kukhetho oluphezulu lobuchwephesha.
• Uphawu: Phanda ngeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neminikelo yazo ukuze ufumane eyona ifanele iimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.
• Iimpawu: Qwalasela izinto ezithile ozifunayo kwikhamera, njengezakhono zevidiyo, uqhagamshelo lweWi-Fi, okanye isikrini esijikelezayo.
• Ubungakanani kunye nobunzima: Cinga malunga nokuba ukhetha umzimba ohlangeneyo kunye nolula okanye omkhulu, uyilo oluqinileyo.
• Umqali okanye onamava: Vavanya inqanaba lesakhono sakho kwaye ukhethe ikhamera enokulungiswa ngokwezakhono zakho zangoku ngelixa uvumela indawo yokukhula.

Ikhamera ye-DSLR: Isixhobo sakho sokuYila

Ukuqukumbela, ikhamera ye-DSLR ayisiyonto nje isixhobo; lisango lokungena kwihlabathi lamathuba angenasiphelo. Nokuba ungumqali ojonge ukufunda iintambo okanye umfoti onamava ofuna ukutyhala imida yobuchule bakho, ikhamera ye-DSLR sisixhobo esifanelekileyo sokukunceda ubambe loo maxesha akhethekileyo kwaye wenze imisebenzi yobugcisa emangalisayo. Ke, ukuba ukulungele ukuthatha ukufota kwakho ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo, ungaphoswa lithuba lokubamba i-DSLR kwaye uqale uhambo lwakho namhlanje!

Ukucacisa i-DSLR: Ithetha ukuthini iDSLR?

Ah, ihlabathi elingaqondakaliyo lee-akhronimi zokufota. Kanye xa ubucinga ukuba uzifumene zonke, kwaye kuza i-DSLR. Ke, i-DSLR ithetha ukuthini, uyabuza? Ewe, masingene kwihlabathi elinomdla lekhamera yedijithali yelensi enye yereflex kwaye sifumanise intsingiselo emva kweli gama lintsonkothileyo.

Ukucazulula Iileta

I-DSLR imele i-Digital single-Lens Reflex. Igama ngalinye kwesi sifinyezo libambe umkhondo kwiimpawu ezizodwa zekhamera kunye nobuchule. Masiyicazulule:

Digital:
Njengoko igama libonisa, ii-DSLRs zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zoluvo lwedijithali ezithatha imifanekiso ngefomathi yedijithali. Yithi ndlela-ntle kwiintsuku zefilimu kunye namagumbi amnyama. Nge-DSLR, unokuphonononga ngokukhawuleza iifoto zakho kwiscreen se-LCD sekhamera kwaye uzidlulisele kwikhompyuter yakho ukuze uhlele kunye nokwabelana.

Ilensi enye:
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iindidi zekhamera ezinokuba neelensi ezininzi, ii-DSLRs zisebenzisa ilensi enye ukufota imifanekiso. Le lens iyatshintsheka, ivumela abafoti ukuba bakhethe i-lens egqibeleleyo kwindawo nganye okanye isifundo. Ukusuka kwi-engile-ebanzi ukuya kwi-telephoto, izinto ezinokwenzeka azipheli.

Ingqondo:
Eli gama libhekisa kwinkqubo yesipili ekhethekileyo yekhamera. Ngaphakathi kwe-DSLR, kukho isipili esibekwe phakathi kwelensi kunye nenzwa yomfanekiso. Xa ujonga kwi-viewfinder, ngokwenene ubona indawo eboniswa kwesi sipili. Xa ucinezela iqhosha lokuvala, isibuko sijika phezulu, sivumela ukukhanya ukuba kufikelele kwinzwa kwaye kubambe umfanekiso.

Ukukhulula amandla e-DSLR

Ngoku siyazi ukuba i-DSLR imele ntoni, makhe siphonononge ukuba kutheni abafoti kwihlabathi liphela befunga ngezi khamera. Nazi ezinye iingenelo eziphambili ze-DSLRs:

Umgangatho womfanekiso:
Ii-DSLRs zaziwa ngomgangatho wazo okhethekileyo wemifanekiso, enkosi kwizinzwa zazo ezinkulu. Ezi zivamvo zibamba ukukhanya okungakumbi, okukhokelela kwiinkcukacha ezibukhali, imibala eqaqambileyo, kunye nengxolo encitshisiweyo nakwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi.

Isantya kunye nokusebenza:
Ii-DSLR zakhelwe isantya. Ngeenkqubo zabo eziphambili ze-autofocus, iindlela zokugqabhuka ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-shutter lag encinci, zifanelekile ukubamba izifundo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, nokuba ngumcimbi wezemidlalo okanye injana edlalayo.

Ukuguquguquka kunye nokuyila:
Ukukwazi ukutshintsha iilensi kunika abasebenzisi be-DSLR ukuguquguquka okungahambelaniyo. Ukusuka ekubambeni umhlaba otshayelweyo nge-lens ebanzi ukuya kuthi ga kwizilwanyana zasendle ezikude ngelensi yefowuni, unokukhulula ubuchule bakho kwaye ubambe umhlaba kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo.

Isikhangeli esibonakalayo:
Enye yeempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-DSLRs sisixhobo sokujonga imbonakalo yazo. Ngokungafaniyo neemboniselo ze-elektroniki ezifumaneka kwiikhamera ezingenazipili, i-optical viewfinder inika imbonakalo ecacileyo, yexesha langempela lendawo, ikuvumela ukuba uqulunqe izithonga zakho ngokuchanekileyo.

Ke, ithini iMbali nge-DSLRs?

Ngoku sele siyityhilile intsingiselo ye-DSLR, kuyacaca ukuba ezi khamera sisixhobo esinamandla sabafoti bawo onke amanqanaba. Nokuba ungumntu othanda ukuzonwabisa ojonge ukuthabatha ukufota kwakho ukuse kwinqanaba elilandelayo okanye ingcali efuna umgangatho womfanekiso ongayekeleliyo, i-DSLR inokuba liqabane lakho elithembekileyo kuhambo lwakho lokufota.

Ke, bamba i-DSLR yakho, ungene kwihlabathi, kwaye ubambe loo maxesha ungalibalekiyo ngokucacileyo, uyilo, kunye nokuchukumisa ubuchwephesha bobugcisa!

Ukuzivelela kweeKhamera ze-DSLR

• Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980, iteknoloji yokucinga yedijithali yayisesebuncinaneni bayo, kwaye ingcamango yekhamera yedijithali yayiliphupha elikude.
• Nangona kunjalo, iinjineli ezinombono ezimbalwa zabona okunokwenzeka kwaye zaqala ukuzama ingcamango yokudibanisa iteknoloji yedijithali kunye nokuguquguquka kweekhamera ze-SLR zendabuko.
• Ikhamera yokuqala efana ne-DSLR, i-Kodak DCS-100, yazalwa ngo-1991. Yayisisilo esikhulu, esinobunzima obuziikhilogram ezi-8 kwaye sixabisa i-fortune encinci.
• Ngaphandle kokusilela kwayo, i-DCS-100 yavula indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwihlabathi leekhamera ze-DSLR.

I-Digital Revolution

• Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubela phambili, iikhamera ze-DSLR ziye zafikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye zifikeleleka kubantu abanomdla kunye neengcali ngokufanayo.
• Ngo-1999, u-Nikon wazisa i-Nikon D1, ikhamera yokuqala ye-DSLR ejoliswe kwimarike yabathengi. Yayingumdlalo otshintshayo, obonelela ngenzwa ye-2.7-megapixel kunye nemowudi yokuqhuma ekwaziyo ukubamba iifreyimu ezintathu ngomzuzwana.
• ICanon, akukho namnye oya kushiywa ngasemva, yakhupha iCanon EOS D30 ngo-2000, eyayibonisa inzwa ye-3.1-megapixel ethozamileyo kodwa yanconywa ngomgangatho wayo womfanekiso.
• Ukusukela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, umdyarho wawuphakathi kwabavelisi beekhamera ukutyhala imida yetekhnoloji ye-DSLR.

Ukuqhubela phambili kunye noTshintsho

• Ukutyhubela iminyaka, iikhamera ze-DSLR zibone ukuqhubela phambili okuninzi kunye nezinto ezintsha, ezizenza zibe namandla ngakumbi kwaye zisebenziseka lula.
• Itekhnoloji ye-Sensor iphuculwe, ibangele isisombululo esiphezulu kunye nokusebenza okungcono kokukhanya okuphantsi.
• Iinkqubo ze-Autofocus ziye zakhawuleza kwaye zichaneka ngakumbi, zivumela abafoti ukuba babambe loo maxesha adlulayo ngokuchanekileyo.
• Ukwaziswa kwezakhono zevidiyo kwii-DSLRs kwavula ihlabathi elitsha lonke lamathuba okudala abenzi beefilimu kunye neevidiyo.
• Uqhagamshelo olungenacingo kunye nojongano lwescreen esichukumisayo zenze ukwabelana kunye nokuhlela imifanekiso ekuhambeni kube yimpepho.

I-Anatomy ye-Digital SLR

Xa kuziwa kwikhamera yedijithali ye-SLR, umzimba kulapho zonke izenzo zenzeka khona. Esi sisixhobo somgangatho wobuchwephesha esithatha imifanekiso emangalisayo ngenzwa yomgangatho ophezulu kunye neempawu eziphambili. Masingene kumalungu aphambili omzimba we-DSLR kwaye sibone ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba uphawule:

• Ulwakhiwo: Imizimba ye-DSLR yakhelwe ukumelana novavanyo lwexesha kunye neemfuno zabafoti abaziingcali. Ziqinile kwaye zihexa, ziyilelwe ukuba zikhutshelwe ngaphandle ebaleni kwaye zilungelelaniswe kwimpukane ngaphandle kokuphosa isingqi.

• Ulawulo: Ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lolawulo lwezandla, ezivumela abafoti ukuba bahlengahlengise iisetingi zabo ukuze babambe umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo. Ukusuka ekulungiseni indawo yokuvula kunye nesantya sokuvala ukuya kulawulo lwe-ISO kunye nebhalansi emhlophe, i-DSLR ikubeka kulawulo olupheleleyo lokufota kwakho.

• Inzwa: Intliziyo ye-DSLR yinzwa yayo, enkulu kunezo zifumaneka kwiikhamera ezisisiseko kunye nokudubula. Lo bungakanani boluvo bukhulu buthetha umgangatho ongcono womfanekiso, ngakumbi kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi. I-DSLRs nayo inamandla okubamba imifanekiso kwifomathi ye-RAW, evumela ukuba kube nokuguquguquka ngakumbi kwi-post-processing.

ILens: Ifestile yeHlabathi

Ikhamera ye-DSLR ayigqitywanga ngaphandle kwelensi. Ilensi yiyo emisela uhlobo lokudubula onokuthi ulubambe, nokuba yimbonakalo yomhlaba ebanzi okanye umfanekiso osondeziweyo. Nanga amanye amanqaku aphambili ekufuneka uwakhumbule malunga neelensi ze-DSLR:

• Iindidi: Zininzi iilensi zokhetho ezifumanekayo kwii-DSLRs, ukusukela kwiilensi eziphambili ezinobude obugxininisiweyo ukuya kwiilensi zokusondeza ezibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iilensi ezahlukeneyo zineenjongo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha eyona ilungileyo kwiimfuno zakho.

• Iimpawu: Iilensi ze-DSLR zihlala zineempawu ezifana nokuzinziswa komfanekiso, ezinceda ekunciphiseni ukushukuma kwekhamera, kunye nokukwazi ukugxila ngokukhawuleza kwe-autofocus. Ezi mpawu zinokuphucula kakhulu amava akho okufota kwaye zikuncede ubambe imifanekiso ebukhali, ecacileyo.

• Mount: Iilensi ze-DSLR ziyatshintsheka, oku kuthetha ukuba ungazicima ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho zokudubula. Ibhrendi nganye yekhamera inelensi yayo yokuxhoma, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhetha iilensi ezihambelana nemodeli yakho ye-DSLR ethile.

Isifindi sokujonga: Ukuyila iShot yakho

Enye yeenzuzo zekhamera ye-DSLR sisixhobo sayo sokujonga i-optical viewfinder, ekuvumela ukuba ubone ngqo into ebonwa ilensi. Eli nqaku likunika umbono ocacileyo kunye nexesha lokwenyani lomxholo wakho, okwenza kube lula ukuqamba umfanekiso wakho. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nababoni be-DSLR:

• I-Optical vs. Electronic: Ii-DSLRs zisebenzisa i-optical viewfinder, esebenzisa inkqubo yezibuko kunye neeprism ukubonisa umfanekiso kwiliso lakho. Oku kubonelela ngamava okubukela kwendalo kunye ne-lag-free. Ngokwahlukileyo, iikhamera ezingenazipili zisebenzisa iimboniselo ze-elektroniki, ezibonisa umboniso wedijithali wendawo.

• Ulwaleko loLwazi: Ababoni be-DSLR bahlala bebandakanya ulwazi olongezelelweyo, olufana nezicwangciso zokuvezwa kunye namanqaku ogxininiso, anokukunceda wenze uhlengahlengiso kwi-fly. Olu phawu luluncedo ngakumbi kubafoti abanamava abafuna ukuba nolawulo olupheleleyo kwiisetingi zabo.

Abalawuli: Ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kwiFly

Iikhamera ze-DSLR zibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lolawulo olukuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise useto lwakho ngexesha lokwenyani. Nazi ezinye iimpawu eziphambili zolawulo ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:

• Amaqhosha kunye neeDials: Ii-DSLR zinikezelwe amaqhosha kunye nokucofa ukulungisa useto olufana nokuvula, isantya sokuvala, kunye ne-ISO. Olu lawulo lomzimba lukwenza kube lula kwaye kube lula ukwenza uhlengahlengiso ngaphandle kokuntywila kwiimenyu.

• Imowudi yokucofa: Imowudi yokucofa kwi-DSLR ikuvumela ukuba utshintshe phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudubula, ezinje ngemanuwali, indawo ephambili yokuvula, kunye nokubaluleka kwesivalo. Oku kukunika ukuguquguquka kokukhetha inqanaba lolawulo olufunayo kwimifanekiso yakho.

• Inkqubo yeMenu: Ii-DSLR zinenkqubo yemenyu ebanzi ekuvumela ukuba wenze useto ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufikelele kwiimpawu eziphambili. Ngelixa kunokuthatha ixesha ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo zonke iinketho ezikhoyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ungayilungisa kakuhle ikhamera yakho ukuze ilungele isitayile sakho sokudubula.

Isebenza Njani Ikhamera ye-DSLR?

Ke, unekhamera yakho entle ye-DSLR ezandleni zakho, ilungele ukuthatha iifoto kunye neevidiyo ezintle. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba lo mmangaliso weteknoloji usebenza njani ngokwenene? Masingene ngaphakathi ekusebenzeni kwekhamera ye-DSLR kwaye sityhile umlingo osemva kwezo zithonga ziphefumlayo.

Ukukhanya, iSeva, intshukumo!

Embindini wekhamera nganye ye-DSLR kukho inzwa yomfanekiso wedijithali, onoxanduva lokuthatha ukukhanya okungena nge-lens. Le nzwa, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "CCD" okanye "CMOS," iguqula ukukhanya okungenayo ibe ngumqondiso wedijithali onokucutshungulwa kwaye ugcinwe njengomfanekiso okanye ividiyo.

Nalu ucazululo lwendlela inkqubo eqhubeka ngayo:

1. Ukukhanya kungena nge-lens: Xa ucinezela iqhosha le-shutter, iindlela zangaphakathi zekhamera zivula i-shutter, ivumela ukukhanya ukufikelela kwi-sensor.
2. I-Sensor ibamba ukukhanya: I-sensor isebenza njengendawo yokukhanya, ithatha iifotoni ezingena nge-lens.
3. Ukuguqulwa kwifom yedijithali: I-sensor iguqula ukukhanya okubanjiweyo kwisignali yedijithali, ngokuyisiseko iguqulelwe kwikhowudi yebhinari enokuyiqonda ikhompyutha.
4. Ukulungiswa komqondiso: Iprosesa yangaphakathi yekhamera emva koko ithatha lo mqondiso wedijithali kwaye isebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphucula umgangatho womfanekiso, ukulungelelanisa imibala, kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.
5. Ukugcinwa komfanekiso: Umfanekiso ogqityiweyo ugcinwa kwikhadi lememori, lilungele ukuba ugqithise kwaye uncome kwikhompyuter yakho okanye wabelane nehlabathi.

I-Reflex Factor: Isibuko, isipili eludongeni

Enye yezinto ezichazayo zekhamera ye-DSLR yindlela yayo ye-reflex, ekuvumela ukuba ubone indawo nge-viewfinder kanye njengoko ibonakala kubomi bokwenyani. Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo:

1. Ukukhanya kungena kwilensi: Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ukukhanya kungena kwikhamera ngelensi.
2. Isipili sibonisa ukukhanya: Ngaphakathi kumzimba wekhamera, isipili sibonisa ukukhanya okungenayo ukuya phezulu ukuya kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yipentaprism.
3. Umboniso kwi-viewfinder: Ipentaprism emva koko iphinda iqondise ukukhanya kwi-viewfinder, ikubonelela ngomboniso ocacileyo nochanekileyo wendawo.
4. Isibuko siphendulela phezulu: Xa ucinezela iqhosha lokuvala, isibuko siphendulela phezulu, sivumela ukukhanya ukufikelela kwinzwa yokuthatha umfanekiso.
5. Umfanekiso othathiweyo: Inzwa ibamba umfanekiso, kwaye isibuko sibuyela kwindawo yaso yokuqala, silungele ukudubula okulandelayo.

IiLensi eziTshintshwayo: Isitshixo soKuguquguquka

Olona ncedo lubalulekileyo lweekhamera ze-DSLR kukukwazi kwazo ukusebenzisa iilensi ezinokutshintshana. Eli nqaku livumela abafoti ukuba balungelelanise izixhobo zabo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokufota, nokuba kukufota imbonakalo-mhlaba ebanzi, ukusondeza kwizifundo ezikude, okanye ukufumana iziphumo ezimangalisayo ze-bokeh.

Nantsi indlela iilensi ezinokutshintsheka ezisebenza ngayo ngekhamera ye-DSLR:

1. I-Lens Mount: Iikhamera ze-DSLR zine-lens mount ethile, eyi-interface esemgangathweni ekuvumela ukuba uqhoboshele iilensi ezahlukeneyo kumzimba wekhamera.
2. Ukukhetha iilensi: Kuxhomekeka kumxholo wakho kunye nesiphumo osifunayo, ungakhetha kuluhlu olubanzi lweelensi, nganye ibonelela ngobude obukhethekileyo bojoliso, iindawo zokuvuleka, kunye neempawu zamehlo.
3. Uncamathiso lwelensi: Ukuqhoboshela ilensi, ulungelelanisa ngokulula ukuxhoma kwelensi kumzimba wekhamera kunye nesixhobo sokuxhoma esihambelanayo kwilensi, emva koko uyijije endaweni ide itshixeke ngokukhuselekileyo.
4. Ukulungele ukudubula: Nje ukuba ilensi incanyathiselwe, ulungele ukuhamba! Ikhamera kunye nelens zisebenza kunye ukuze zigxininise, zihlehlise, kwaye zigobe ukukhanya, okukhokelela kumfanekiso othathwe kakuhle.

Ukusuka kwi-Amateur ukuya kwiPro: Ukunyuka kwe-DSLR ukuya ekuDumeni

Kwiintsuku zokuqala zokufota, iikhamera ze-single-lens reflex (SLR) zaziyinto eqhelekileyo kubafoti abaqeqeshiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ubuchwephesha buhambela phambili, iikhamera zedijithali zeSLR (DSLR) zavela, ziguqula indlela esibamba ngayo kunye nokwabelana ngemifanekiso.

Iikhamera ze-DSLR zifumene ukuthandwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• Umgangatho womfanekiso ophakamileyo: Ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngeenzwa ezinkulu kunye nobuchule obuphezulu bokwenza umfanekiso, okukhokelela kwiifoto ezibukhali, ezineenkcukacha.
• I-Versatility: Ngeelensi ezitshintshayo kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokudubula, ii-DSLRs zinokuqhelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufota, ukusuka kwimihlaba ukuya kwimizobo ukuya kwezemidlalo.
• Isantya kunye nokuphendula: Ii-DSLRs ziqhayisa ngeenkqubo ze-autofocus ezikhawulezayo, ukudubula ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-shutter lag encinci, evumela abafoti ukuba babambe ixesha elidlulayo ngokuchanekileyo.
• I-Optics kunye nolawulo: Ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngee-optics eziphambili, ulawulo lwezandla, kunye noseto olunokwenzeka, ukunika abafoti bezithombe ulawulo olupheleleyo lokuyila kwiifoto zabo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha: Ii-DSLR zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngabafoti abachwepheshile, abafoti beefoto, kunye nabenzi befilimu ngenxa yomgangatho wabo wemifanekiso okhethekileyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya.

Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa uthatha ikhamera yakho ye-DSLR, thatha umzuzwana uxabise iseti entsonkothileyo yamalungu kunye nomdaniso ontsonkothileyo wokukhanya, izinzwa, kunye neelensi ezenzeka ngaphakathi kula bhokisi incinci. Iyamangalisa ngokwenene itekhnoloji evumela ukuba simise ixesha, sibambe iinkumbulo, kwaye sikhuphe umbono wethu woyilo.

Ukuphonononga iimpawu ezimangalisayo zoYilo lwe-DSLR

1. IiLensi eziTshintshwayo: Ihlabathi elinokwenzeka

Xa kuziwa kwiikhamera ze-DSLR, enye yezona zinto zinomdla kakhulu kukukwazi ukutshintsha iilensi. Oku kuvula ihlabathi elitsha lonke lamathuba okufota, okubavumela ukuba bakhethe i-lens egqibeleleyo kumfanekiso ngamnye. Nokuba ubamba imbonakalo-mhlaba etshayelayo ngelensi eneengile ebanzi okanye usondeza kwizifundo ezikude ngelensi yefowuni, ukuguquguquka kweelensi eziguquguqukayo kuyamangalisa ngokwenene. Ngaphezu koko, ngoluhlu olubanzi lweelensi ezikhoyo kubavelisi abohlukeneyo, unokufumana iilensi ezigqibeleleyo ukuze zilungele isimbo sakho sokudubula esisodwa.

2. I-Optical Viewfinder: Ukubona kukukholelwa

Ngokungafaniyo neekhamera ze-point-and-shoot okanye ii-smartphones, ii-DSLRs ziza zixhotyiswe nge-optical viewfinder. Eli nqaku lincinci likuvumela ukuba ubone indawo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-lens, ibonelela ngomboniso ocacileyo nochanekileyo wento oza kuyithatha. Ngemboniselo ye-optical viewfinder, unokuqamba izithonga zakho ngokuchanekileyo, uqinisekise ukuba ubamba umfanekiso owubonayo. Kufana nokuba nefestile kwihlabathi lokufota, apho okubonayo yeyona nto uyifumanayo.

3. Ulawulo Lwemanyuwali: Thatha Ulawulo Lobuchule Bakho

Olunye lweempawu zoyilo lwe-DSLR kubuninzi bolawulo lwezandla ezandleni zakho. Olu lawulo lukunika ulawulo olupheleleyo phezu kwesetingi zekhamera yakho, zikuvumela ukuba ulungise kakuhle yonke imiba yokudubula kwakho. Ukusuka ekulungiseni i-aperture yokulawula ubunzulu bebala, ukuya kwi-speed shutter ukuze ubambe izifundo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, ii-DSLRs zixhobisa abafoti ukuba bakhuphe ubuchule babo kunye nemifanekiso emangalisayo. Ngokukwazi ukwenza iisetingi kubhabho, ungaziqhelanisa nayo nayiphi na imeko yokudubula kwaye ubambe umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo, kungakhathaliseki iimeko zokukhanyisa okanye umxholo.

4. Imowudi ye-Speed ​​​​Speed ​​Burst: Friza isenzo

Xa kuziwa ekubambeni inyathelo elikhawulezayo, ii-DSLRs zigqwesa ngemowudi yazo yokuqhuma kwesantya esiphezulu. Eli nqaku likuvumela ukuba ukhuphe uthotho olukhawulezayo lweeshoti ngokulandelelana ngokukhawuleza, uqinisekisa ukuba awuze uphoswe ngumzuzu. Nokuba ufota umnyhadala wezemidlalo owonwabisayo okanye uthatha inkangeleko entle yobuso bomntwana, imowudi yogqabhuko lwesantya esiphezulu ikunika ukuzithemba ukumisa intshukumo kwaye ubambe loo mzuzu wokuqhekeka kwesibini obalisa ibali.

5. IiNkqubo ze-Autofocus eziPhezulu: Lola uGqaliselo lwakho

Ukufikelela kugxininiso olubukhali kubalulekile ekufotweni, kwaye ii-DSLRs ziza zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo eziphambili ze-autofocus ukukunceda ukuba uzibethelele ngalo lonke ixesha. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa indibanisela yabenzi boluvo kunye ne-algorithms ukulandelela kunye nokutshixa kwisifundo sakho, siqinisekisa ukuba sihlala sigxile naxa sihamba. Ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ze-autofocus kunye noseto olunokwenzeka, i-DSLRs ikuvumela ukuba uqhelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokudubula kwaye ubambe imifanekiso ebukhali ngokulula.

6. Umgangatho Wokwakha Owomeleleyo: Yakhelwe ukuGqibela

Ii-DSLRs zaziwa ngomgangatho wazo wokwakha owomeleleyo, olungiselelwe ukumelana nobunzima bokusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha kunye nabafoti abanomdla ngokufanayo. Ngezixhobo ezomeleleyo kunye nemizimba etywiniweyo yemozulu, ezi khamera zinokujongana nocelomngeni lokusingqongileyo, nokuba udubula kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo okanye ukoyisa izinto kwindawo enkulu ngaphandle. Umgangatho wokwakha owomeleleyo we-DSLRs unika abafoti ukuzithemba ukuba bathathe iikhamera zabo naphi na kwaye babambe imifanekiso ephefumlayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nezixhobo zabo.

7. Izincedisi eziBanzi kunye nezongezo: Phucula iGear yakho

Olunye ulonwabo lokuba ne-DSLR luluhlu olukhulu lwezixhobo kunye nezongezo ezifumanekayo zokuphucula amava akho okufota. Ukusuka kwizibane zangaphandle ukuya kulawulo olukude olungenazingcingo, ukusuka ekubambeni kwebhetri ukuya kwizihluzi ezikhethekileyo, okunokwenzeka akupheli. Ezi zixhobo zikuvumela ukuba wandise amandla e-DSLR yakho kwaye ulinge ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, uthatha iifoto zakho ziye kwindawo ephezulu.

Ukukhulula irhamncwa: Ukuphonononga iLizwe leDSLR loyilo loMzimba

1. I-Classic DSLR Body: Uyilo olungenaxesha

Xa kuziwa kuyilo lomzimba we-DSLR, isitayile sakudala sifana nesuti elungiselelwe kakuhle engaphumi efashonini. Olu luyilo lubonakaliswa ngumzimba oqinileyo, oxande kunye nokubamba okuvelele kwicala lasekunene. Luyilo olukhwaza ngoko nangoko “umfoti oyincutshe” kwaye lubonakalisa amandla kunye nolawulo.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoyilo lomzimba weDSLR lwakudala lubandakanya:

• Isikhangeli esikhulu esikuvumela ukuba ubone umboniso ngokuthe ngqo kwilensi, ukubonelela ngomboniso ocacileyo nochanekileyo wento oyibambayo.
• Isikrini se-LCD esixhonywe phezulu esibonisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo lokudubula njengokuvula, isantya sokuvala, kunye noseto lwe-ISO, ekuvumela ukuba wenze uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo ngaphandle kokususa amehlo akho kwisikhangeli.
• Iindidi zamaqhosha kunye nokucofa okubekwe ngokucwangcisekileyo ukufikelela lula, ukuqinisekisa ukuba unokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza useto kubhabho.

2. I-Compact DSLR Body: Incinci kodwa inamandla

Kwabo bakhetha ukhetho oluphathwayo ngakumbi ngaphandle kokuyekelela ekusebenzeni, uyilo lomzimba we-DSLR compact ngumdlalo wokutshintsha. Le mizimba yenzelwe ukuba ibe khaphukhaphu kwaye ilungelelaniswe ngakumbi, ibenze ilungele abafoti ekuhambeni.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoyilo lomzimba we-DSLR compact ziquka:

• Ubungakanani obuncitshisiweyo kunye nobunzima xa kuthelekiswa noyilo lwakudala, okwenza kube lula ukujikeleza ixesha elide ngaphandle kokutsala igxalaba lakho.
• Ukubamba okuncinci okuncinci okusabonelela ngokubambelela ngokukhululekileyo, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo ngelixa udubula.
• Uyilo lweqhosha olwenziwe lula, olunolawulo oluthile oludityaniswe kwiscreen se-LCD esingasemva ngeenjongo zokugcina indawo.

3. I-Ergonomic DSLR Body: Yenzelwe ukuThuthuzela

Ukufota kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima kunye nomzimba onzima, ngakumbi ngexesha lokudubula okude okanye kwiindawo ezinzima. Kulapho uyilo lomzimba we-ergonomic DSLR luqala khona ukudlala, lunikeza intuthuzelo eyomeleziweyo kunye nokusebenziseka ngokulula.

Iimpawu eziphambili zoyilo lomzimba we-ergonomic DSLR ziquka:

• I-contoured grip ehambelana kakuhle nesandla sakho, ukunciphisa ukudinwa kunye nokuvumela iiseshoni zokudubula ezongeziweyo.
• Amaqhosha abekwe ngokucingisisayo kunye needayyili ezifikeleleka ngokulula ngaphandle kokhluza iminwe yakho okanye zifune izikhundla ezingathandekiyo zezandla.
• Isakhiwo esivaliweyo semozulu esikhusela ikhamera kuthuli, ukufuma, kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwayo naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima.

4. I-Modyuli ye-DSLR Body: Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kokuGqibela kwayo

Ukuba ungumfoti othanda ukucofa kunye nokwenza izixhobo zakho zibe zezakho, uyilo lomzimba we-DSLR oyimodyuli iya kuba yindawo yakho yokudlala. Le mizimba ibonelela ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokwenza ngokwezifiso, ikuvumela ukuba uqhoboshele izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ulungelelanise ikhamera yakho ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zakho ezithile.

Iimpawu eziphambili zemodyuli yoyilo lomzimba we-DSLR ziquka:

• Uluhlu lwamachweba kunye neziqhagamshelo ezenza ukuba uncamathiselo lwee-microphone zangaphandle, iiyunithi ze-flash, ukubamba ibhetri, kunye nokunye, ukwandisa amandla ekhamera.
• Ababoni abatshintshanayo abajongana nezitayile zokudubula ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengeemboniselo ze-optical viewfinders, ii-electronic viewfinders, okanye iinketho ezixutyiweyo.
• Ukuhambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweelensi, kukunika inkululeko yokuzama ngobude obahlukeneyo bokugxila kwaye ufezekise iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokuyila.

Ehlabathini loyilo lomzimba we-DSLR, kukho into yomntu wonke. Nokuba ukhetha i-classical, i-compact, i-ergonomic, okanye isitayile semodyuli, uyilo ngalunye lubonelela ngezibonelelo zalo ezizodwa kwaye lubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudubula. Ke, fumana eyona ikufaneleyo, kwaye uvumele ubuchule bakho bunyuke ngamandla e-DSLR ezandleni zakho.

Ukutyhila iiMfihlo zeSensor ye-DSLR ubukhulu

Xa kuziwa kwiikhamera ze-DSLR, enye yezinto eziphambili ezimisela umgangatho womfanekiso bubungakanani benzwa. Inzwa sisixhobo sombane esibamba ukukhanya kwaye siguqule sibe ngumfanekiso wedijithali. Ke, enkulu inzwa, kokukhona inokubamba ukukhanya ngakumbi, okukhokelela kumgangatho ongcono womfanekiso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphantsi. Masingene kwihlabathi lobungakanani boluvo lwe-DSLR kwaye sityhile iimfihlakalo ezisemva kwabo.

Uhambo ngokusebenzisa ubungakanani boluvo

Iikhamera ze-DSLR ziza nobukhulu obahlukeneyo boluvo, nganye ibonelela ngezibonelelo zayo ezizodwa kunye neempawu. Nalu ucazululo lwezona sayizi zoluvo ziqhelekileyo oza kudibana nazo:

• Isakhelo esipheleleyo (35mm): Njengoko igama libonisa, ezi zivamvo zilingana nesakhelo sefilimu yemveli eyi-35mm. Babonelela ngomgangatho womfanekiso obalaseleyo, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kokukhanya okuphantsi, kunye nentsimi ebanzi yokujonga. Nangona kunjalo, zidla ngokubiza kakhulu kwaye iikhamera ngokwazo zinobuninzi.

• I-APS-C: Lo bungakanani boluvo buncinci kune-full-frame sensor, ngokuqhelekileyo ukulinganisa malunga ne-22.2mm x 14.8mm. Abenzi boluvo be-APS-C baqhele ukufunyanwa kwinqanaba lokungena kunye noluhlu oluphakathi lwe-DSLRs. Ngelixa basenokunganikeli umgangatho womfanekiso ofanayo njengeenzwa ezigcwele isakhelo, basazisa iziphumo ezinomtsalane kwaye bafikeleleka ngakumbi.

• I-Micro Four Thirds: Ezi zivamvo, ezinomlinganiselo omalunga ne-17.3mm x 13mm, ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiikhamera ezingenazipili. Zincinci kunezo zombini i-full-frame kunye ne-APS-C sensors kodwa zivelisa imifanekiso ekumgangatho ophezulu. Enye inzuzo yeMicro Four Thirds sensors kukuba zivumela imizimba yekhamera edibeneyo kunye nekhaphukhaphu.

• Ifomathi ePhakathi: Ukuba ujonge olona mgangatho uphezulu womfanekiso kwaye uneepokotho ezinzulu, izinzwa zefomathi ephakathi zezakho. Ezi zoluvo zikhulu kakhulu kunezoluvo ezigcwele isakhelo kwaye ziqhelekile ukufunyanwa kwii-DSLR zebakala lobuchwephesha. Banika iinkcukacha ezingenakulinganiswa, uluhlu oluguquguqukayo, kunye nokuveliswa kombala. Nangona kunjalo, beza nethegi yexabiso eliphakamileyo kwaye bahlala begcinelwe iintlobo zeefoto ezikhethekileyo.

Impembelelo yobungakanani boluvo kwiFoto

Ngoku siphonononge ubungakanani boluvo obahlukeneyo, masixoxe ukuba ziwachaphazela njani amava akho okufota:

• Ubunzulu beNdawo: Ubungakanani boluvo budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ubunzulu bendawo kwimifanekiso yakho. Isivamvo esikhulu sidala ubunzulu bentsimi obungenzulwanga, ikuvumela ukuba ufezekise isiphumo esihle semvelaphi ye-blur (bokeh).

• Ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphantsi: Izinzwa ezinkulu zineepikseli ezinkulu, ezinokubamba ukukhanya okungakumbi. Oku kukhokelela ekusebenzeni okungcono kokukhanya okuphantsi, okukuvumela ukuba ubambe imifanekiso emangalisayo nakwiimeko zokukhanya ezicela umngeni.

• Uluhlu olunamandla: Ubungakanani boluvo bukwachaphazela uluhlu oluguquguqukayo lweefoto zakho. Inzwa enkulu inokubamba uluhlu olubanzi lweetoni, igcina iinkcukacha ezininzi kuzo zombini iimbalasane kunye nezithunzi.

• I-Crop Factor: Xa usebenzisa ikhamera ene-sensor encinci, njenge-APS-C okanye i-Micro Four Thirds, kukho into yesityalo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubude bojoliso obusebenzayo beelensi zakho buya kuphindwa, kukunika inkalo yembono emxinwa xa kuthelekiswa nesenzi-sakhelo esipheleleyo.

Ukukhethela ubungakanani boluvo oluLungileyo

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni ubungakanani boluvo olufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho, akukho mpendulo ilingana-zonke. Okokugqibela kuxhomekeke kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho, isitayile sokufota, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Qwalasela ezi nkalo zilandelayo:

• Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali: Iikhamera ezigcwele isakhelo zidla ngokubiza kakhulu, ke ukuba unohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olungqongqo, i-APS-C okanye iMicro Four Thirds sensors inokufaneleka ngakumbi.

• Isitayile sokufota: Ukuba ukwimbonakalo yomhlaba okanye kuyilo lokufota kwaye unqwenela olona mgangatho uphezulu womfanekiso, isakhelo esipheleleyo okanye inzwa yefomathi ephakathi iya kuba lukhetho oluhle. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ukwimidlalo okanye kwifoto yasendle kwaye ufuna ukufikelela okongezelelekileyo, inzwa ye-APS-C enesityalo sayo inokuba luncedo.

• Ukuphatheka: Ukuba uyakuxabisa ukuphatheka kwaye ufuna ukuseta ikhamera ekhaphukhaphu, qwalasela iikhamera ezinobungakanani benzwa ezincinci njengeMicro Four Thirds.

Khumbula, ubungakanani boluvo yinkalo nje enye yekhamera ye-DSLR. Ezinye izinto ezifana nokukhetha iilensi, ukuzinzisa umfanekiso, kunye nokusebenza kwekhamera iyonke kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa usenza isigqibo.

Ke, nokuba ungumntu othanda ukufota okanye ungumdubuli oyingcali, ukuqonda ubucukubhede bobungakanani benzwa ye-DSLR kuya kukuxhobisa ukuba wenze ukhetho olunolwazi kwaye ubambe imifanekiso ephefumlayo ebalaseleyo.

Ii-Downsides ze-DSLRs: Ngaba ziLufanele uTyalo-mali?

1. Utyalo-mali oluxabisa kakhulu

• Ii-DSLRs zinokubiza kakhulu, ngakumbi xa ucinga ngeendleko ezongezelelweyo zeelensi kunye nezixhobo.
• Ukuba usaqala nje okanye kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluluqilima, ithegi yexabiso inokukwenza uzibuze ukuba ifanelekile na i-dent kwiakhawunti yakho yebhanki.

2. Inkulu kwaye inzima

• Ii-DSLRs zaziwa ngolwakhiwo lwazo oluqinileyo, olunokubenza babe nzima ukujikeleza.
• Ukuba ungumntu othanda ikhamera ekhaphukhaphu kunye necwecwe, ophethe i-DSLR unokuziva ngathi uthwele umntwana omncinci.

3. Ulawulo oluntsonkothileyo

• Ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngolawulo olukhulu kwiifoto zakho, kodwa oku kuza ngexabiso lomnqantsa wokufunda.
• Abaqalayo banokufumana inkitha yamaqhosha, useto, kunye neenketho zemenyu zigqithise kwaye zoyike ekuqaleni.

4. Ingxolo kunye noBuninzi

• Ii-DSLRs zikholisa ukuvelisa ingxolo eyongezelelekileyo kwiindawo eziphezulu ze-ISO xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindidi zekhamera.
• Ukongeza, indlela yesipili ngaphakathi kwe-DSLRs inokudala isandi esikhulu xa ifota, enokuthi ilunge kwiimeko ezithile.

5. Izincedisi ezineendleko

• Ii-DSLRs ziza neelensi ezinokutshintshatshintshana, zinika ukuguquguquka okukhulu, kodwa oku kukwathetha ukutyala imali kwingqokelela yeelensi ukuhambelana neemfuno zakho.
• Ezinye izincedisi ezifana nezibane zangaphandle, iitripods, kunye neememori khadi zinokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwiindleko.

6. Igophe lokuFunda elikwinqanaba eliphezulu

• I-DSLRs inoluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye noseto olufuna ixesha kunye nomgudu ukuze ubambe ngokupheleleyo.
• Ukuba ujonge ikhamera onokuthi uyichole kwaye uqale ukudubula ngokufunda okuncinci, i-DSLR isenokungabi lolona khetho lulungileyo.

7. Ayilunganga kuyo yonke iMeko

• Ii-DSLRs zigqwesile ekubambeni iifoto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa ubungakanani bazo kunye nobunzima bazo bunokubenza bangalungeli iimeko ezithile.
• Ukuba ukwifoto yasesitalatweni okanye ufuna ikhamera onokuthi uyiphathe ngokulula imini yonke, ikhamera encinci kunye nexineneyo ingalungela ngcono.

8. Ukugcinwa kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide

• Ii-DSLRs zakhiwe ukumelana neemeko ezinzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa zisafuna ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa.
• Amalungu angaphakathi antsonkothileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwekhamera ye-DSLR kunokufuna ukucocwa ngamaxesha athile kunye nenkonzo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.

9. Iimpawu zeVidiyo eziNcinane

• Ngelixa ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngesakhono sokudubula iividiyo, zisenokungabi nazo zonke iimpawu zevidiyo eziphambili ezifumaneka kwiikhamera zevidiyo ezinikezelweyo.
• Ukuba unomdla kakhulu kwividiyo, i-DSLR isenokungabi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo.

10. Ukoyikisa kwabaQalayo

• Inani elikhulu lamacandelo kunye nemiba yobugcisa ye-DSLRs inokuba yinto eninzi kubaqalayo.
• Kuthatha ixesha kunye nomonde ukufunda indlela yokusebenzisa i-DSLR ngokufanelekileyo kwaye usebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla ayo.

Ngaphandle kwezi zinto zingalunganga, ii-DSLRs ziyaqhubeka zilukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kwabafoti ngomgangatho wabo wemifanekiso ogqwesileyo, ukusebenza ngokubanzi, kunye nolawulo lokuyila abalunikezayo. Kubalulekile ukuvayisha okuhle kunye nokubi ukufumanisa ukuba i-DSLR yikhamera efanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile kunye nesimbo sokudubula.

Iimodeli eziphezulu ze-DSLR kunye neeBrand: Ukuthabatha amaxesha ngeSimbo

1. Uchungechunge lweCanon EOS: Intsebenzo yeNtsomi kunye neNguqulelo

Xa kuziwa kwiikhamera ze-DSLR, enye ibhrendi ebalaseleyo yiCanon. Uchungechunge lwabo lwe-EOS luye lwafana nomgangatho womfanekiso obalaseleyo kunye neteknoloji yokusika. Nazi ezinye iimodeli ezidumileyo ezivela kwiCanon:

• Canon EOS 5D Mark IV: Le DSLR yefreyimu epheleleyo iyintandokazi phakathi kwabafoti abaqeqeshiweyo. Ngenzwa yayo ye-30.4-megapixel kunye nenkqubo ye-autofocus ephezulu, ihambisa imifanekiso emangalisayo nakwiimeko ezinzima zokukhanya.
• ICanon EOS 80D: Iphelele kubantu abanomdla kunye nabafuna iifoto, i-EOS 80D inika inzwa ye-24.2-megapixel, ukudubula okuqhubekayo ngokukhawuleza, kunye nenkqubo ye-autofocus eguquguqukayo. Liqabane elithembekileyo lokuthatha iividiyo kunye nevidiyo.

2. Nikon D-Series: Precision and Innovation

I-Nikon yenye i-heavyweight kwihlabathi le-DSLR, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-optics ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu eziphambili. Iikhamera zabo ze-D-series ziye zafumana abalandeli abathembekileyo phakathi kwabafoti bawo onke amanqanaba. Nazi iimodeli ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo:

• I-Nikon D850: Le ndlu igcwele isakhelo samandla inesivamvo sokuwisa imihlathi eyi-45.7-megapixel, uluhlu oluchukumisayo oluguquguqukayo, kunye nevidiyo ye-4K. Liphupha elizalisekileyo kubafoti bembonakalo-mhlaba kunye nesitudiyo.
• I-Nikon D7500: Yenzelwe abantu abanomdla, i-D7500 idibanisa inzwa ye-20.9-megapixel, ukudubula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokurekhoda kwevidiyo ye-4K. Umzimba wayo olula kunye noyilo lwe-ergonomic kwenza kube luvuyo ukusingatha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokudubula.

3. Sony Alpha Series: Mirrorless Innovation Dibana DSLR Ubunakho

Ngelixa uSony edume ngeekhamera ezingenazipili, uthotho lwabo lweAlpha lukwabandakanya iimodeli ezinomtsalane zeDSLR. Ezi khamera zibonelela ngokudityaniswa kobugcisa obungenazipili kunye neempawu zeDSLR zemveli. Nazi iinketho ezimbalwa ezibalulekileyo:

• I-Sony Alpha A7 III: Le khamera yefreyimu epheleleyo engenazipili ephethe i-DSLR-efana ne-DSLR inenzwa ye-24.2-megapixel, ukurekhoda kwevidiyo ye-4K, kunye nokusebenza okumangalisayo kokukhanya okuphantsi. Lukhetho oluguquguqukayo kuzo zombini iividiyo kunye nevidiyo.
• I-Sony Alpha A68: Ukudibanisa ukufikeleleka kunye nokusebenza, i-A68 ibonisa i-sensor ye-24.2-megapixel ye-APS-C, i-autofocus ekhawulezayo, kunye ne-4D Focus technology. Linqanaba elibalaseleyo lokungena le-DSLR kwabo baqala uhambo lwabo lokufota.

4. I-Pentax K-Series: I-Rugged Durability kunye neMiba eYodwa

I-Pentax isenokungaziwa ngokubanzi njengeCanon okanye i-Nikon, kodwa ii-K-series DSLRs zabo zifumene abalandeli abazinikeleyo. Ezi khamera zibonelela ngomgangatho wokwakha owomeleleyo, ukutywinwa kwemozulu, kunye neempawu ezintsha. Nantsi imodeli efanele ukuqwalaselwa:

• I-Pentax K-1 Mark II: Le DSLR egcweleyo igcwele inzwa ye-36.4-megapixel, ukuzinza komfanekiso womzimba, kunye neNkqubo yokuSombulula iPixel Shift ekhethekileyo. Lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kumhlaba kunye nabafoti bangaphandle abafuna umgangatho womfanekiso obalaseleyo.

5. I-Fujifilm X-Series: I-Retro Charm kunye noMgangatho woMfanekiso obalaseleyo

I-Fujifilm idume ngeekhamera zayo eziphefumlelweyo ze-retro, kwaye uchungechunge lwabo lwe-X lubandakanya zombini izipili kunye ne-DSLR-style model. Ezi khamera zidibanisa i-aesthetics yakudala kunye nobuchwepheshe bale mihla. Nalu ukhetho oluphawulekayo lwesimbo se-DSLR:

• I-Fujifilm X-T4: Ngelixa ngobuchwephesha ikhamera engenasipili, i-X-T4 ye-DSLR-efana noyilo kunye nokuphatha yenza ukuba kukhankanywe ngokufanelekileyo. Ibonisa inzwa ye-26.1-megapixel ye-APS-C, ukuzinza komfanekiso womzimba, kunye nezakhono zevidiyo ezithandekayo. Sisixhobo esiguquguqukayo sabo bobabini abathanda ukufota kunye nevidiyo.

Ke, nokuba ungumfoti oqeqeshiweyo okanye unomdla wokuzilibazisa onomdla, ezi modeli zidumileyo ze-DSLR kunye neebrendi zibonelela ngoluhlu lwezinto onokukhetha kuzo ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zakho. Ibhrendi nganye izisa amandla ayo awodwa kunye neempawu, iqinisekisa ukuba unokubamba loo maxesha akhethekileyo ngesitayile kunye nokuchaneka.

Point-and-Shoot vs DSLR: Yeyiphi ikhamera onokuthi uyikhethe?

Ke, uthathe isigqibo sokunyusa umdlalo wakho wokufota kwaye utyale imali kwikhamera entsha. Kodwa ngokhetho oluninzi phaya, kunokuba nzima ukukhetha eyona ilungileyo. Iinketho ezimbini ezidumileyo ziikhamera zokukhomba kunye nokudubula kunye nee-DSLRs. Masingene kumahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeekhamera kwaye sikuncede wenze isigqibo esinolwazi.

Imiba yobungakanani: Encinci vs Enkulu

Omnye umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kweekhamera ze-point-and-shoot kunye ne-DSLRs bubukhulu bazo. Iikhamera ezikhomba-nokudubula zixinene kwaye zikhaphukhaphu, nto leyo ezenza kube lula ukuzithwala epokothweni okanye esipajini sakho. Kwelinye icala, ii-DSLRs zinkulu kwaye zininzi, ngakumbi ngenxa yeelensi ezinokutshintshana abazinikezelayo. Ngelixa oku kuthetha ukuba ii-DSLRs zisenokungabi lula ukuzithwala, ubukhulu bazo bukwavumela iimpawu eziphucukileyo kunye nomgangatho womfanekiso ongcono.

Umgangatho kunye nobuNgcali

Ukuba ujonge ukuthatha umfanekiso wakho uwuse kwinqanaba elilandelayo kwaye uthwebule imifanekiso yenqanaba lobuchwephesha, i-DSLR yindlela omawuhambe ngayo. Ii-DSLRs zibonelela ngeempawu eziphambili ezinjengolawulo lwezandla phezu kwesetingi, iilensi ezinokutshintshatshintshana, kunye nezinzwa ezinkulu zemifanekiso. Ezi mpawu zikunika ulawulo olukhulu kwiifoto zakho kwaye zikuvumela ukuba ufezekise umgangatho womfanekiso omangalisayo. Iikhamera zokukhomba-nokudubula, ngelixa zilungele kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa, zihlala zisilela ngokwezakhono zobuchwephesha.

Ubude bokuJonga kunye neNdawo yokuJonga

Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kweekhamera ze-point-and-shoot kunye ne-DSLRs bubude obugxininisekileyo kunye nentsimi yokujonga abayinikezelayo. Ii-DSLRs zikuvumela ukuba uncamathisele iilensi ezahlukeneyo ezinobude obahlukeneyo bokujolisa, zikunika isakhono sokusondeza ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwaye ubambe uluhlu olubanzi lwezifundo. Iikhamera zokukhomba-nokudubula, kwelinye icala, zihlala zine-lens esisigxina kunye nesakhono esincinci sokusondeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ufuna ukubamba izinto ezikude okanye ufezekise ukwakheka okuthile, i-DSLR iya kulungela ngakumbi iimfuno zakho.

Ukulawula kunye nokuSebenzisa ngokulula

Iikhamera zokukhomba-nokudubula ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenziseke kwaye zifuna ulwazi oluncinci lobugcisa. Bahlala beza noseto oluzenzekelayo ezenza kube lula kwabaqalayo ukufota ifoto enesidima ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu. Ii-DSLRs, kwelinye icala, zibonelela ngolawulo ngakumbi kwiisetingi, zivumela abafoti abanamava ukuba bahlengahlengise iifoto zabo. Ngelixa oku kunokwenza ii-DSLR zibe ngumngeni ngakumbi ukuzazi, ukonyuka kolawulo kunye nokubakho kweziphumo ezingcono kulifanele ijiko lokufunda.

Iibhetri kunye nokuLula

Xa kufikwa kubomi bebhetri, iikhamera ezikhomba-kunye-nokudubula zinesandla esiphezulu. Ubungakanani babo obuncinci buthetha ukuba bafuna amandla amancinci, okubavumela ukuba bahlale ixesha elide kwintlawulo enye. Ii-DSLRs, kwelinye icala, zisebenzisa amandla amaninzi ngenxa yobukhulu bazo kunye neempawu ezongezelelweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufuna ukuthwala iibhetri ezongezelelweyo okanye ulungele ukutshaja rhoqo xa usebenzisa i-DSLR.

Ixabiso kunye neXabiso

Ayiyomfihlo into yokuba ii-DSLRs zidla ngokubiza kakhulu kuneekhamera ze-point-and-shoot. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko wexabiso ungqinelwa ngeempawu eziphambili kunye nomgangatho womfanekiso ophakamileyo abawunikezelayo. Ukuba uzimisele malunga nokufota kwaye uzimisele ukutyala imali kubugcisa bakho, i-DSLR kukuthenga okunexabiso. Kwelinye icala, ukuba usaqala nje okanye ukufota yinto nje eqhelekileyo yokuzonwabisa, ikhamera yenqaku kunye nokudubula inokuba lolona khetho lulungele uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi kwekhamera ye-point-and-shoot kunye ne-DSLR kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Qwalasela le miba ilandelayo xa usenza isigqibo:

• Uhlobo lokufota ofuna ukululandela: Ii-DSLRs ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkalo zobuchwephesha ezinje nge-portrait, inkangeleko yomhlaba, kunye nokufota kwezemidlalo, ngelixa iikhamera ezikhomba-nokudubula zilungele ngakumbi ukufota okuqhelekileyo.
• Inqanaba lolawulo olunqwenelayo: Ukuba ufuna ukulawula ngokupheleleyo useto lwekhamera yakho kwaye ukwazi ukuzama iilensi ezahlukeneyo, i-DSLR yindlela yokuhamba.
• Ukulunga okupheleleyo okubeka phambili: Ukuba ufuna ikhamera onokuthi uyibambe ngokulula kwaye uyisebenzise ekuhambeni ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nezincedisi ezongezelelweyo, ikhamera yenqaku kunye nokudubula inokuba lula ngakumbi.
• Ixabiso ozimisele ukulihlawula: Ii-DSLRs zidla ngokuza nethegi yexabiso eliphezulu, ngoko ke ukuba ibhajethi yinkxalabo, ikhamera yenqaku-nokudubula inokuba lolona khetho lufikelelekayo.

Kwilizwe elihlala livela lokufota, zombini iikhamera ezikhomba kunye ne-DSLR zinendawo yazo. Nokuba ungumntu osaqalayo ujonge ukuntywila iinzwane zakho efotweni okanye ingcali enamava ejolise kumfanekiso ogqibeleleyo, kukho ikhamera apho eya kuthi ilungele iimfuno zakho. Ke bamba ikhamera yakho, wamkele utshintsho, kwaye ubambe umhlaba ngelensi yakho!

I-Mirrorless vs DSLR: Idabi leeKhamera

Iikhamera ezingenazipili, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziikhamera ze-compact system (CSCs), ziye zathatha ihlabathi lokufota kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ezi zixhobo zintle kwaye zikhaphukhaphu zitshintshe indlela abafota abathwebula ngayo amaxesha. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neekhamera ezingenazipili:

• Akukho sipili, akukho ngxaki: Ngokungafaniyo nee-DSLRs, iikhamera ezingenazipili azinamatshini wesipili ebonisa ukukhanya ukusuka kwilensi ukuya kwisibonisi esibonakalayo. Endaweni yoko, baxhomekeke kumboniso we-elektroniki okanye kwi-electronic viewfinder (EVF) ukuze bajonge umfanekiso. Oku kungabikho kwesibuko kuvumela ukuba umzimba wekhamera ohlangeneyo kunye ophathwayo.

• Ukuqhubela phambili kwe-Autofocus: Iikhamera ezingenasipili zenze ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kwitekhnoloji ye-autofocus. Ngeenkqubo zabo zokubona i-autofocus (PDAF) kwi-sensor phase sensor, banokugxila ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kwizifundo, nakwiimeko ezinzima zokukhanyisa. Oku kubenza babe lukhetho oluhle lokuthatha izifundo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ukudubula kukukhanya okuphantsi.

• Ubungakanani boluvo oluNcinci: Iikhamera ezingenazipili zidla ngokuba nezinzwa ezincinci xa zithelekiswa nee-DSLRs. Nangona oku kunokunciphisa amandla abo okubamba iinkcukacha ezintle kwiimeko ezithile, kukwavumela iilensi ezincinci kunye nezilula. Oku kwenza ukuba iikhamera ezingenasipili zibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokuhamba kunye nabafoti besitalato abaxabisa ukuphatheka ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho womfanekiso.

• Isishutha se-elektroniki: Olunye uncedo lweekhamera ezingenazipili yishutter ye-elektroniki. Ngokungafaniyo nee-DSLRs ezinezivalo zoomatshini, iikhamera ezingenazipili zisebenzisa i-sensor ye-elektroniki ukulawula ukuvezwa. Oku kuphelisa ukunyakaza okubangelwa ukuhamba kwesibuko kunye ne-shutter, okubangelwa imifanekiso ebukhali, ngakumbi xa ukudubula ngesantya esincinci sokuvala.

I-DSLRs: Amahashe okusebenzela aZanyiweyo kunye neNyaniso

Ii-DSLRs ibiyeyona nto ikhethwayo ngabafoti abaziingcali iminyaka emininzi. Ezi khamera zomelele kwaye zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi ziye zamelana novavanyo lwexesha kwaye ziyaqhubeka zithandwa phakathi kwabathandi bokufota. Nantsi into eyahlula i-DSLRs:

• I-Optical Viewfinder: Enye yezona zinto ziluncedo kwi-DSLRs sisixhobo sokujonga imbonakalo yazo. Eli nqaku livumela abafoti ukuba babone indawo ngokuthe ngqo kwi-lens, inika umbono ocacileyo kunye nexesha langempela lomxholo. Abafoti abaninzi bakhetha i-optical viewfinder ngenxa yamava ayo endalo kunye namava okudubula antywilayo.

• Ubungakanani beSensor enkulu: Ii-DSLRs zihlala zinezinzwa ezinkulu xa zithelekiswa neekhamera ezingenazipili. Lo bungakanani boluvo bukhulu buvumela umgangatho ongcono womfanekiso, ngakumbi kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi. Ii-DSLRs zigqwesa ekuveliseni imifanekiso enezigqibo eziphezulu ezinoluhlu oluguquguqukayo olubalaseleyo kunye namanqanaba engxolo aphantsi.

• Ukukhetha iLens ebanzi: I-DSLRs sele ikhona ixesha elide, kwaye ngenxa yoko, inoluhlu olubanzi lweelensi ezikhoyo. Nokuba ungumfoti wemifanekiso, umntu othanda izilwanyana zasendle, okanye isithandwa esikhulu, uya kufumana iindidi ezininzi zeelensi ezihambelana neemfuno zakho. Inkqubo yelensi etshintshanayo ye-DSLRs ibonelela abafoti ngamathuba angapheliyo okudala.

• Ubomi bebhetri obude: Ii-DSLR zihlala zinobomi bebhetri obungcono xa kuthelekiswa neekhamera ezingenazipili. Ukungabikho kwesixhobo sokujonga i-elektroniki kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesivalo somatshini kunegalelo kumandla ahlala ixesha elide e-DSLRs. Oku kunokuba luncedo olukhulu, ngakumbi xa ufota kwiindawo ezikude okanye ngexesha lokufota okwandisiweyo.

Kumlo phakathi kweekhamera ezingenazipili kunye neekhamera ze-DSLR, zombini iinkqubo zinokunyuka kunye nokuhla kwazo. Ekugqibeleni kuhla kukhetho lomntu kunye nesimbo sokudubula. Nokuba ukhetha ikhamera engenazipili ngokucokiseka kwayo kunye ne-autofocus ephezulu okanye i-DSLR yesikhangeli sayo sokujonga kunye nenzwa enkulu, zombini iinketho zibonelela ngemifanekiso emangalisayo. Ke, bamba ikhamera yakho kwaye uqalise ukubamba umhlaba ngelensi yakho!

isiphelo

Ke, yile nto i-DSLR eyiyo- ikhamera enamandla ngokwenene elungele abo bafundayo kunye neengcali. Ungayisebenzisa kuyo nantoni na, ukusuka ekufotweni ukuya kwividiyo, kwaye yindlela entle yokungena kwihlabathi lokufota. Ke, ukuba ujonge ikhamera entsha, mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo i-DSLR!

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.