Iilensi: Zeziphi iiCamera kwaye zeziphi intlobo ezikhoyo?

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 28, 2022

Iilensi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo Iikhamera — “ngamehlo” abamba aze abonise umfanekiso kwifilim okanye isivamvo sedijithali.

Iilensi zilawula iimpawu ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokukhanya: ukugxila kunye nobukhulu. Ugqaliselo lubhekiselele ekubeni umfanekiso ubanjwe kabukhali kangakanani, ngelixa ubungakanani bumisela ukuba ungakanani umfanekiso oqikelelweyo kwisixhobo soluvo okanye ifilimu.

Iilensi zinokuhlelwa ngokobude bazo obujongisiweyo, obulinganiswa ngeemilimitha (mm). Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, iilensi ezinombono obanzi we-engile (12mm-35mm) zifaneleke ngcono ukufota ngobume belizwe, ngelixa iilensi ezinobude bokujolisa ubude (100mm-800mm) zezona zisetyenziselwa ukufota okusondeleyo okufana nemizobo okanye ukufota izilwanyana zasendle. Kukwakho neelensi zetelephoto ezinikezela zombini i-engile ebanzi kunye nobude bokugqalwa okude zonke kwilensi enye-elungele ukuhamba! Ukongeza, iintlobo zeelensi ezikhethekileyo ezinjengee-macro kunye ne-fisheye lens nazo zinokuthengwa ukuze kuthathwe imifanekiso ejongeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Ke nokuba usaqala ukufota okanye ujonge ukuphucula izixhobo zakho, ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iindidi zeelensi ezikhoyo kunokukunceda wenze ukhetho olunolwazi xa uthenga izixhobo zekhamera. Kwesi sikhokelo siza kugubungela yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelensi zekhamera kunye nokuba zisetyenziselwa ntoni.

Yintoni iiLensi?

Iilensi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yekhamera kwaye zidlala indima enkulu kumgangatho wemifanekiso eziya kuyivelisa. Iilensi ziza kwiisayizi ezahlukeneyo, iimilo kunye neentlobo, ukusuka kwiilensi ezigxininisiweyo zobude ukuya iilensi zoom. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokufota olwenzayo, unokufuna iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeelensi ukufumana iziphumo ezifunwayo. Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha iintlobo ezisisiseko zeelensi, kunye neenzuzo zabo kunye nokungalunganga.

Iintlobo zeeLensi

Xa kufikwa kwiilensi, abafoti banenani leenketho ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo kubo. Ukusuka kwiintlobo ezisisiseko ezifana iilensi eziphambili kunye neelensi zoom kwiilensi ezikhethekileyo njengeengile ezibanzi kunye netelephoto lens, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa. Ngokuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zeelensi, abafoti banokukhetha i-lens efanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Iilensi eziziiNkulumbuso: Iilensi eziziinkulu ziilensi zobude obugxininisiweyo ezivumela ububukhali obukhulu kunye nokucaca. Ngobude obugxininise obunye obungenakutshintshwa, olu lukhetho oluhle lokufota esitratweni kunye neeseshoni ze-portrait.

IiLensi zosondezo: Iilensi zosondezo zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo njengoko zikuvumela ukuba usondeze ngaphakathi okanye uphume ngobude obahlukeneyo bojoliso ngaphandle kokutshintsha phakathi kweelensi ezininzi eziphambili. Olu lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiminyhadala okanye ukufota kwezemidlalo xa ufuna ukuguquguquka ngakumbi ekubambeni izithonga zakho.

Iilensi zeAngle ebanzi: Iilensi ezibanzi-engile zikuvumela ukuba ubambe imiboniso ebanzi ngaphandle kokugqwetheka kwincam yesakhelo, ibenze bafanelekele ukufota imbonakalo yomhlaba okanye iishoti zangaphakathi ezinezithuba ezixineneyo.

IiLensi zeTelephoto: Iilensi zeTelephoto zikuvumela ukuba ubambe izinto ezikude ngeenkcukacha ezinkulu ngelixa ukwahlula isifundo sakho kwimvelaphi yayo enkosi kubunzulu bayo. ubunzulu bendimi izakhono. Ezi zifanelekile kwizilwanyana zasendle okanye iishoti zentshukumo xa uzama ukusondela ngaphandle kokuba usondele ngokwasemzimbeni.

IiLensi eziphambili

Iilensi eziphambili ziilensi eziphambili kwaye ezi lens zinobude obugqamileyo obunye, okuthetha ukuba azisondezi. Ezi lensi zihlala zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu kunezooms, kwaye zithande ukubiza kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukudubula ngee-prime lens kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uhambise umzimba wakho okanye usebenzise iinyawo zakho ukutshintsha umgama phakathi kwakho kunye nesihloko, ngokuchasene nokusondeza ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle nge-lens-focal-length-lens.

Iilensi eziziinkulu ziyaziwa ngomgangatho wazo ophezulu wokukhanya xa kuthelekiswa nezazo zoom; eyona modeli ifunwayo ibonakalisa ukuveliswa kwakhona kweethowuni kunye nemibala ebukhali ngokugqwesileyo kwisakhelo. Ezi lensi zikwaxhamla kwimingxuma ebanzi ebanzi kuneelensi zoom kubude obuthile bokujolisa. Ukongeza, iilensi eziphambili zithande ukuba khaphukhaphu, zizenza zilungele ukufota kunye nokufota okuncinci okunemingxuma ebanzi efana ne-f/2.8 okanye ebanzi ukuba ikhona.

Isishwankathelo, ukuba ujonge ukungena okufikelelekayo kwifoto ngaphandle kokulalanisa kumgangatho, iilensi eziphambili lolona khetho lwakho. Ukunqongophala kwe-zoom yamehlo kunokubonakala kusisithintelo ekuqaleni kodwa kungekudala uya kufunda ukuba kuyakunyanzela ukuba ube nobuchule ngakumbi kwindlela oqamba ngayo izithonga, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwimpumelelo ekufumaneni ii-engile ezikhethekileyo kunye neendlela ezinokuthi zingananzwa!

Iilensi zoom

Iilensi zokusondeza ludidi oluguquguqukayo lweelensi zekhamera kwaye lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokufota. Ezi lensi zikuvumela ukuba uguqule ubude bazo bokujongisisa, zikunika ulawulo olungaphezulu kunelensi yobude obugxininisiweyo. Iilensi zosondezo zigquma phantse naluphi na uluhlu lobude bojoliso, kodwa zihlelwa ngokubanzi njengeelensi zoom zoom (ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-35mm) okanye iilensi zokwandisa i-telephoto (ukusuka kwi-70 ukuya kwi-300mm).

Izandiso ezibanzi zineengile enkulu yokujonga kuneengile eziqhelekileyo okanye ezigxininisiweyo zobude obugxininisiweyo kwaye zifaneleke ngakumbi ukuthabatha imiboniso emikhulu okanye izifundo ezikude. Bakwabonelela ngobunzulu bentsimi kunezooms ze-telephoto, zibenza ngcono ukufota imifanekiso enezifundo ezininzi kumgama owahlukileyo ukusuka kwikhamera.

I-Telephoto zooms inokuzisa izinto ezikude kufutshane. Oku kubenza balungele ukusetyenziswa kwezemidlalo, izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokufota indalo kuba akufuneki usondele kufutshane nesifundo sakho njengokusondeza i-wideangle zoom okanye iilensi eziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, bahlala benikezela ngobunzulu obuncinci bentsimi kunokwandisa i-wideangle, oku kuthetha ukuba kunokuba nzima ukugcina zonke iinxalenye zomfanekiso zigxile kanye. Ukongeza, bahlala bebandezeleka ngenxa ye-chromatic aberration kunye nokugqwetheka kwelensi xa kuthelekiswa ne-wideangle zooms ngenxa yeenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zamehlo ezibandakanyekayo ekudaleni ukukhulisa okuphezulu.

IiLensi zeTelephoto

Iilensi zeTelephoto liqela elingaphantsi kweelensi ezisebenzisa i-optical ekhethekileyo kunye noyilo lobunjineli olubavumela ukuba babambe izinto ezikude ngaphandle kokwenza umzimba wekhamera ube mde. Iilensi zeTelephoto zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kunye nokufota ngobume belizwe, imifanekiso yezenzo kunye nokufota ngeenkwenkwezi.

Ngokuxhomekeke kubude belensi oyikhethayo, iilensi ze-telephoto zinokusuka kwimodareyitha ukuya kugxininiso olude. I-lens ye-50mm ithathwa njengemodareyitha Iilensi zomnxeba, ngelixa nantoni na engaphezulu kwe-80mm ithathwa njenge-lens ye-telephoto egxininisekile. Iilensi zeTelephoto zihlala zineengile emxinwa yokujonga, nto leyo intle xa ugxile kwisifundo sakho kwiinkcukacha ezithe kratya ukude.

I-.3 telephoto lens ngumzekelo we-super-telephoto, oku kuthetha ukuba inobude obugxininise obugqithisileyo obususela kwi-300mm ukuya kwi-1200mm okanye ngaphezulu-ikuvumela ukuba ubambe izenzo ezikude ngeenkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Ngokwesiko zisetyenziselwa ukufota okusondeleyo okufana nokufota kwezemidlalo kunye neendibano zobomi basendle ezifuna ukuba usondele kwaye ube buqu ngesihloko sakho ukusuka kumgama omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobungakanani babo kunye neendleko bahlala benciphisa abafoti abangenakufikelela kwisixhobo okanye uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo-ke abafoti bezemidlalo abaqeqeshiweyo okanye abafoti bendalo kunye nabafoti bezilwanyana zasendle abanakho ukuthenga izixhobo ezinjalo banokuzuza kakhulu kolu hlobo lukhethekileyo. yeelensi.

IiLensi zeAngle ebanzi

Iilensi ezibanzi zibandakanya ilensi yobude obufutshane bojoliso kuneyesiqhelo. Inkqubo yekhamera ye-35mm ithathwa njenge-lens eqhelekileyo kunye nobude obugxilwe obujikeleze i-50mm. Abafoti basekhaya banokusebenzisa iilensi ezibanzi kwimbonakalo yomhlaba, ngaphakathi, kunye nezinye iindawo apho ufuna ukuthatha imifanekiso ebanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iilensi ezinobude obungama-35mm okanye mfutshane kwiinkqubo ezininzi zekhamera yedijithali.

Ezi ntlobo zeelensi zidla ngokuphawulwa ngo “W” okanye “WA” kumbhobho welensi, zikwazisa ukuba yilensi ebanzi. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi eziphambili zedijithali ezifana neCanon kunye ne-Nikon, iilensi ezinobubanzi obubanzi ziya kusuka kwi-10 - 17mm ngokwendawo yokujonga i-angle (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-angle yokujonga). Kwiinkqubo ezipheleleyo zesakhelo, zikholisa ukuqala malunga ne-14 – 17 mm kwaye zinokunwebeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-21mm ngobude (umgama ogxilileyo.)

Xa ujonge iilensi ezithile ezingathathi hlangothi, useto lwe-engile ebanzi ludla ngokugqwetha imiphetho-ethetha ukuba eminye imigca ethe tye iya kubonakala igobile kwimifanekiso yakho. Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "barreling effect." Kuxhomekeke ekukhanyeni kunye nomgama wakho wokudubula kunokuba luncedo okanye kube yingozi kuxhomekeke kwinkangeleko ojolise kuyo. Iilensi ze-engile ebanzi zikwathanda ukuwubaxa umgama phakathi kwezinto ezinika iifoto ubunzulu obuthe kratya xa kuthelekiswa noko abantu baqhele ukukubona.

IiLensi ezinkulu

.5 I-Macro Lens, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi "micro lens" yenzelwe ukufota ngokusondeleyo. Kwi-engile ye-.5x yokukhulisa (ubungakanani bobomi besiqingatha), ezi lens zikuvumela ukuba ubambe izinto ezincinci kakhulu ukusuka kufutshane nee-intshi ezisi-8 ukusuka kwikhamera. Ukongeza, banesisombululo esiphezulu kunezinye iilensi ezinkulu ngenxa yobungakanani benzwa encinci kwaye bavelise imifanekiso ebukhali kunye eneenkcukacha zezinto ezinjengeentyatyambo kunye nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yobude babo obufutshane bokugxila kunye nomgama wokusebenza, benza iziqwenga ezifanelekileyo zegiya kwabo banomdla wokufota ngokusondeleyo kakhulu okanye ukwakheka kwethiyetha. Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yobunzulu obuncinci bentsimi bahlala betshintshana ngamakhonkco okanye iityhubhu ukuze bafezekise ulwandiso olwahlukeneyo-ukuvumela abafoti ukuba babambe iinkcukacha ezincinci kakhulu ezingenakwenzeka ngezinye iintlobo zeelensi. Benza iilensi ezinkulu ze-portrait ezinemvelaphi ethambileyo ye-bokeh xa zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo.

IiLensi zeFisheye

Iilensi zeFisheye zibonelela ngombono obanzi kakhulu we-engile, nangona ingekho kakhulu njengezinye iilensi ezibanzi. Le mifanekiso inenkangeleko egoso eyahlukileyo kubo kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuthatha iifoto ezikufutshane kakhulu zezifundo ezisuka kude kakhulu. .6 Iilensi zeFisheye zibonelela nge-180° indawo yokujonga ngokugqwetheka okuncinci. Banika umbono onomdla osebenzayo xa usetyenziselwa imbonakalo-mhlaba, iifoti zentshukumo, kunye nemifanekiso yokuyila efana nemifanekiso okanye ukufota ebusuku. Ukongeza, ziyathandwa kwizicelo zobugcisa ezinje ngokufota uyilo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuthwebula imifanekiso echanekileyo ehlala igqwethwa simahla.

Ubude obude

Ubude bokujolisa buyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha i-lens efanelekileyo yokudubula okuthile. Ubude obugxininise belensi bubonisa ukuba ungakanani umboniso - ngokwemiqathango ye-angle kunye nomgama - unokubanjwa, kunye nentsimi yayo yokujonga. Indawo yokujonga ilinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-engile kwaye imiselwa yindawo kunye nobungakanani benzwa yomfanekiso kwikhamera yakho.

Obona bude buqhelekileyo bojoliso obusetyenziswa ngabafoti buphakathi kwe-16mm ukuya kwi-300mm, nangona kukho iilensi ezifumanekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2000mm kwezinye iimeko. Ubufutshane ubude befocal, ibanzi i-engile kunye nomgama omde onokubanjwa. Ngokuchaseneyo, ubude bogxininiso obuphezulu bunika ukusondeza ngakumbi kodwa bunciphisa indawo ye-engile.

Ubude bojoliso obuqhelekileyo bubandakanya:
-I-Wide-Angle Lenses-Ubude bojoliso ukusuka kwi-16mm ukuya kwi-35mm
-IiLensi eziQhelekileyo/eziQhelekileyo – Ubude bojoliso ukusuka kwi-50mm ukuya kwi-65mm
-IiLensi zeTelephoto - Ubude bokujolisa ukusuka kwi-70mm ukuya kwi-200+ mm
-IiLensi zeAngle eziBanzi-Ubude bokujolisa ukusuka kwi-8mm ukuya kwi-15mm
-IiLensi zeTelephoto zeSuper - Ukujolisa ngaphezulu kwe-300 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2000+ mm

ukuvuleka

ukuvuleka yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ujonga iilensi kunye neekhamera. Imbobo ngubukhulu bomngxuma kwilensi yakho evumela ukukhanya, ngoko okukhona uvumela ukukhanya, kokukhona ukucaca okukhulu onokukufumana. Ukongeza, ukuba mkhulu ukuvuleka kwelensi, kokukhona ubunzulu bebala lakho buya kuba nzulu. Ubunzulu bebala buthetha ukuba zizinto ezikufutshane nawe kuphela okanye ezikuluhlu oluthile zigxininise ngelixa zonke ezinye iinxalenye zefoto yakho ziphumile kujoliso kwaye zimfiliba. Oku kunika imifanekiso yakho umahluko ongcono, iyenza ibonakale kwaye ibonakale imangalisa ngakumbi.

Olunye uphawu oluphambili ekufuneka luqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-lens bubude bayo bokugxila. Ubude bokujongisisa bumisela ukuba kungakanani “ukwandisa” ikhamera yakho enokufikelela kuyo kunye nokuba banzi okanye bacuthe kangakanani umfanekiso oya kuvela xa ufota ngayo.

Ngokuyintloko, kukho iintlobo ezintathu (okanye iintsapho) zeelensi ezisekelwe kwi-aperture yazo: i-Standard (F1.4 - F2.8), i-Portrait (F2 - F4), i-Zoom (F4 - F5.6)

Iilensi ezisemgangathweni zibonelela ngomngxuma obanzi okunika ulawulo ngakumbi kwinto ekugxilwe kuyo kwaye inomgangatho ophezulu womfanekiso ngenxa yokukhanya okungakumbi okungena kwilensi; ezi lensi zithande ukuba yeyona ilungileyo yokufota ukukhanya okuphantsi okunje ngembonakalo yomhlaba ngexesha lokutshona kwelanga okanye ebusuku ngenxa yobukhulu bobukhulu bendawo yokuvula evumela ukukhanya okungakumbi kwifoto yakho ukuze kucace ngakumbi imifanekiso ngaphandle kokunyusa amanqanaba e-ISO ngokungeyomfuneko nto leyo enokubangela ingxolo ebonakalayo evela kwiinkozo. isiphumo kwi-digital sensors ezisetyenziswa nge-DSLRs).

I-Portrait Lenses zinemingxuma ephakathi kuluhlu oluzinika isithuba esongeziweyo phakathi kwemvelaphi kunye nomphambili ogxininise ububhetyebhetye okuvumela abafoti ukuba benze lula izifundo zabo zigqame ngelixa begcina yonke enye into imfiliba kakuhle ivumela ukufowuna komzobo kube lula kuneentlobo eziqhelekileyo; ezi lensi zikwalungile ngokwenjongo yokufota ngenxa yesakhono sazo sokwenza izifundo zigqame ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokwahluka kohlobo oluqhelekileyo.

Okokugqibela, iiLensi zokuSondeza zigubungela ubude be-telephoto ubude obuphakathi ukusuka kwi-70mm-200mm zibenza ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokufota umgama onje ngeefoto zamagqabi eziwa okanye amahlumelo okubukela iintaka; zikwasebenza kakhulu ngaphakathi endlwini ngenxa yokukhanya okusezantsi okukhoyo apho ubude bokujongwa okude bunikezela ngolawulo olukhulu kwimvelaphi emfiliba ngelixa bevumela ukusondelelana kwezinto ezikude ngokubonelela amanqanaba aphezulu okuguquguquka ukusuka kwesi sityalo sothotho lwelensi enika abafoti bedijithali ukubhetyebhetye okukhulu ngaphezulu kokuhlukaniswa kwesihloko kunye nokwandiswa kwento. kwimigama ekude ngamaxesha amancinane ongeziweyo afunekayo xa kuthelekiswa neekhamera ze-35mm ze-slr eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa ngexesha leentsuku ezingaphambili kwimithetho efanayo xa kufotwa umfanekiso okanye imbonakalo-mhlaba ngaphandle kweziphumo zedijithali zotoliko ezibonwayo namhlanje kunye nee-DSLRs ezingaphelelanga zicutheka ngokwezantsi ubukhulu bekhamera yesivamvo sekhamera kunye nokucinga. iziphumo zesoftware zidala iziphumo ezifanayo kodwa ezingezizo ezifanayo ukusuka kwikopi enye ekhutshelweyo yokudubula ebonwe kwifilimu engalunganga ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala ngaphandle kolunye uhlengahlengiso lwenkqubo eyongezelelweyo olufunekayo emva kwemveliso phambi kokushicilela iziphumo zokugqibela ezaziqhelekile ngaphambili kwiilebhu zefilimu yobuchwephesha ngaphambi kwe-advanc. Ubudala betekhnoloji obubonelela ngezisombululo zemifanekiso yemveliso yekhompyuter azisaphathwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngezakhono zegumbi elimnyama ngaphambi kweminyaka yoo-1980 ngaphambi kokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji yangoku enikezela ngokulula kodwa akusoloko kuphuculwe ukhetho olungcono olwakhelwe ngaphambili lubandakanya iimpawu eziphambili zexesha elide lanamhlanje abadubuli bekhetha imixube ngelixa ugcina izinto ezithile ezixhomekeke ibonwe ngaphambili njengepixel yokujonga amaxabiso ohlelo ecaleni kwemilinganiselo yesiko esetyenzisiweyo ivelisa imbonakalo ye-gamut thabatha uluhlu oluguquguqukayo lwe-debayering oogxa bathathelwe ingqalelo ukuya phambili bagqibezela ukubamba okuqwalaselweyo kude kufikelele imiqobo yokucoca efumanekayo eyogqitha xa ijongwa njengemigangatho yegolide efana ne-colorblind repro schemes yokulinganisa ngaphambili evavanyiweyo kwi-subsampling yegigabyte amaqonga nangona uninzi lwezizukulwana ezindala azikwazi ukubona oorhulumente bohlobo lwe-supersonic abafuna iindlela zokucinezela i-hi res phantse wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ufuna ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-bandsaw deconvolution kuyenzeka. babe ziingcali kuphela zenqanaba lobuchwephesha obufuna uqikelelo lwejiyometri yeaspherical esetyenzisiweyo ukuqheleka okungathintelwanga okungathintelwanga kucingelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo ukufota okumangalisayo ukuthandwa kweefomathi zemetaformational ezidityaniswayo ngaphambili ngokuchasene nohlaziyo oluthandwayo olugxininisa imigaqo efanayo engaphelelwa lixesha ebekiweyo isivumelwano siyahambelana nengqikelelo ye-curvilinear ehlala ingaqondwa kakuhle. ubuciko into abantu abambalwa abayaziyo ukanti baqonda ngokupheleleyo imimangaliso ekhuthazayo eqhubela phambili ngekamva ngokuxakayo izise ubunyani obubonakalayo imbeko kwinkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ekhokelela ekwenzeni izinto ezininzi ebekucingwa ukuba azicingelwa nje ixesha liqala linyibilike izinto eziyinyani ezibonwayo ezidlulileyo isiqalo ngokutsha apha nantoni na engaphambili ekugqibeleni ize icace ilindele.

Ukukhetha iLens eLungileyo

Xa kuziwa ekukhetheni i-lens efanelekileyo yekhamera yakho, zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenketho onokukhetha kuzo. Kufuneka uqwalasele ubungakanani be-lens, ubude be-focal, i-aperture ephezulu, kunye nezinye iimpawu. Ingqwalasela yeli nqaku kukukunceda uqonde umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zelensi, ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha eyona ifanele iimfuno zakho.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

Xa uthenga i-lens, kuya kufuneka uqwalasele izinto ezinje ngohlobo lwekhamera yedijithali eza kusetyenziswa kuyo, inqanaba lezakhono zokufota onazo, kunye neentlobo zokufota oza kuzithatha. Ngokuxhomekeke kuluphi uhlobo lokufota oceba ukulwenza, iilensi ezahlukeneyo zinokufaneleka ngakumbi kwimifanekiso eyahlukeneyo. Ukumisela ukuba zeziphi iilensi ezifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho kufuna uphando ngononophelo kunye nokuqonda imiba yobugcisa yelensi yekhamera.

Kwezinye iimeko, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela izinto ezithile zelensi ezichaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwayo; Umzekelo, iilensi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zinokuba nobude obufanayo bokujongisisa kodwa ubukhulu besayizi yokuvuleka bunokwahluka. Ubukhulu bokukhanya buyinto ebalulekileyo kuba imisela ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okungangena ngekhamera kwaye kufike kwinzwa okanye ifilimu ukuze wenze umfanekiso okanye ividiyo. Ukongeza, ukwazi iinkcukacha ezinje nge-angle-of-view coverage ngokunxulumene ne-DSLR yakho okanye ubungakanani befomati yedijithali engenazipili kunokunceda ukwenza ukhetho olungcono xa uthengela iilensi.

Iilensi zenjongo eqhelekileyo zithandwa kakhulu; banamandla okubavumela ukuba babambe iindidi ngeendidi zeeshoti ngaphakathi kuluhlu olubanzi kuquka imbonakalo yomhlaba kunye nemifanekiso. Ezinye iimpawu zelensi ezidumileyo ziquka ubude bojoliso olubanzi olunceda ukubamba imiboniso emikhulu efana nembonakalo yomhlaba okanye yangaphakathi; ubude obugxile kwi-telephoto isakhono esiluncedo xa udubula izinto ezikude njengezilwanyana kwindalo ezigcinayo; isakhono esikhulu esenza ukuba abafoti bathathe iifoto ezikufutshane ngesisombululo esiphezulu kunye neenkcukacha; iilensi zamehlo eentlanzi ezinikezela ngombono obanzi ngokugqithisileyo we-engile eyi-180 kwindawo yonke; i-ultra-wide rectilinear optics enikezela ngee-engile ezibanzi kuneelensi zamehlo entlanzi kodwa ayinaziphumo ezigqwethekileyo; kunye nokuthambeka kunye nokutshintsha imbono yokulawula amandla okuvumela umfoti alawule ngakumbi kwimbono yendiza yomfanekiso kusetyenziswa indawo yekhamera iishifti ezihambisana nemigca emibini ehambelana nokuqhelaniswa nenqwelomoya endaweni yokuthambeka okuqhelekileyo phezulu/ezantsi okanye ekhohlo/ekunene iintshukumo.

ibhajethi

Xa uthatha isigqibo sokuba loluphi uhlobo lwelensi onokuyithengela ikhamera yakho, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho. Nokuba usebenza ngebhajethi encinci okanye enkulu, kukho iilensi eziya kungena ngaphakathi kolu luhlu. Ngokomzekelo, abo banohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluncinci banokufuna ukujonga iilensi zokusondeza eziqhelekileyo, ezinenjongo ngokubanzi kwaye zibonelela ngomgangatho womfanekiso omhle ngamaxabiso afanelekileyo. Ngelixa ezi ntlobo zeelensi zingekho tyebileyo njengeelensi ezibiza kakhulu, zisenokwenza umsebenzi wenziwe kwaye zinike imifanekiso emihle. Iilensi ezibiza kakhulu zihlala zinemingxuma ekhawulezayo (f/2.8 okanye f/4) kunye noyilo lwamehlo oluhambele phambili oluvula amathuba amaninzi okuyila anjengobunzulu obunzulu beziphumo zentsimi okanye izincedisi zokukhanya okuphantsi. Abo banohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu kufuneka baqwalasele utyalo-mali kwiilensi eziphambili, ezibonelela ngemingxuma ekhawulezayo efana ne-f/1.4 okanye ngaphezulu kwaye idla ngokuba yeyona ndlela ibukhali ekhoyo kwimarike namhlanje.

Uhlobo camera

Ilensi oyikhethayo iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kuhlobo lwekhamera onayo. Iilensi zeekhamera zedijithali zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokutshintshanayo, kodwa iikhamera zefilimu zidla ngokufuna ilensi eyilelwe zona. Iikhamera ze-DSLR zisebenzisa iilensi ezinokutshintshana, kuquka ezi ndidi zilandelayo:
-Iilensi eziphambili: Iilensi eziphambili zigxininiswe kubude obugxilwe obunye, okwenza zibe zilungele iimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi kunye nokufota umfanekiso. Zikwaxabiso eliphantsi kuneelensi zoom.
-Ielensi zokusondeza: Iilensi zokusondeza zibonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi kunelensi eziphambili, zikuvumela ukuba utshintshe ukwakheka kwakho ngokujija okukodwa kwelensi. Ezi zithande ukuba nkulu kakhulu kuneelensi eziphambili kwaye zidla ngokubiza kakhulu.
-I-lens enkulu: Ukufotowa kwe-Macro ngumsebenzi osondeleyo; iilensi ezinkulu ezizinikeleyo zivumela abafoti ukuba basondele kakhulu kumxholo wabo kwaye babambe iinkcukacha ukuya kumaqhezu eemilimitha okanye ii-microns ngobukhulu.
-Tilt/shift lens: Iilensi zokuthambeka/zokutshintsha zibonelela ngeqondo elongezelelweyo lokuchaneka ngokuvumela abafoti ukuba bajikelezise indawo ekugxilwe kuyo ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye ukuze batshintshe indlela abajonga ngayo izinto ngokuchaneka nangakumbi kunokuba iindlela zobuchule zokwandisa ezivumela.

Ubude obude

Xa kuziwa kwiilensi kunye nokufota, i F-yeka ixabiso (okanye Ubude obuJonga) belensi bubonisa ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okuqokelelwe sisiva sekhamera. Ukuphakama kwe-F-stop, impembelelo encinci nayiphi na inyikima okanye intshukumo iya kuba nayo kumfanekiso. I-F-Stop encinci iya kwenza kube lula kumfoti ukuba athathe iifoto kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi. Umzekelo, i-F/2.8 lens ivumela ukukhanya okuphindwe kabini kune-F/4 lens kunye nokukhanya okuphindwe kane kune-F/5.6 lens.

Xa ukhetha ilensi yokudubula okunikiweyo, abafoti kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo imiba efana ne-engile yokujonga, ubunzulu bebala kunye nokuphatheka xa bemisela ubude bojoliso obufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo. Ubude bojoliso bungasusela kwi-8mm ultra-wide fish eye ukuya kwi-1600mm super telephoto lens; Nangona kunjalo uninzi lwabantu luqhele ukudubula ngeelensi eziqhelekileyo ezihamba phakathi kwe-28mm iilensi ze-engile ezibanzi kunye ne-300mm yeelensi ze-telephoto. Phakathi kwala maqela mabini obude bokujongisisa, iinketho eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

* 35mm: Iikhamera ezininzi zidubula kobu bukhulu ngokungagqibekanga. Obu bubude besithethe buqhelekile kuba ukufotwa kwefilimu eyi-35mm kuye kwathandwa kwaye kuvumela abafoti ukuba babambe ngokurhabaxa oko amehlo ethu anokubona ngokwendalo nakuwuphi na umgama onikiweyo ukusuka kumxholo ofotwayo.
**50mm: Idumile phakathi kwabafoti bemifanekiso kuba banika amandla okwenza mfiliba ngakumbi ngexa besenembono yendalo xa bedubula abantu bekufutshane okanye bekude. kufutshane okanye kude kakhulu kwimixholo yabo.* 85 mm: Isetyenziswa rhoqo xa ufuna imixholo yokudubula eqina ngakumbi kunye nobumnyama obungcono obungemva kunoko unokukufumana ngobude obunye.* 135 mm – 200 mm : Iilensi zoluhlu olude ziqala apha – ziluncedo kakhulu. ezemidlalo okanye ukufota ngezilwanyana zasendle apho kufuneka udubule ngemibono ecinezelekileyo kodwa ugcine umgama omde kwizifundo zakho ngezizathu zokhuseleko (umz., izilwanyana zasendle).

ukuvuleka

I-Aperture kukuvuleka kwe-lens apho ukukhanya kungena kwaye kudala umfanekiso. Umngxuma wokuvulela amanzi ulinganiswa ngamanani ka-f kwaye kubhekiselwa kuwo ngenani elaziwa ngokuba yi-f-stop. Umngxuma wokuvuleka nawo unegalelo ekugxininiseni; imingxuma ebanzi yenza ubunzulu bomhlaba obungenzulwanga, obuvumela into engaphambili ukuba igxile ngelixa izinto ezingasemva zimfiliba. Iilensi ezine-f-stop ephantsi njenge-ƒ/4 ziilensi ezikhawulezayo ngokubanzi, okuthetha ukuba zinokudubula iifoto ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinikeze ukusebenza okuhle xa kufikwa kwifoto yokukhanya okuphantsi.

Nge-ƒ/4 indawo yokuvula, ukuba ugxininise kwinto ekufutshane (yithi phakathi kweenyawo enye ukuya kwezintandathu), uya kufumana ubunzulu obucacileyo bebala, apho kuphela isifundo sakho siya kuba bukhali ngelixa imvelaphi iya kufiphala kakuhle. Xa udubula imizobo okanye iifoto ezinkulu ngento enje ngeƒ/4, uya kufuna ukukhanya kwendalo okuninzi okusemgangathweni ukuze usebenze nako-unokhetho oluninzi olukhoyo lokufota izithonga ezintle ngolu hlobo lwelensi!

I-Autofocus

I-lens ye-autofocus ye-0.5 ikuvumela ukuba ugxininise ngokuchanekileyo kwisifundo sefoto yakho, ukunciphisa imfuno yokugxila kwi-manual xa udubula. Ukukwazi ukugcina isifundo sakho sigxininise ngamaxesha onke kwenza olu hlobo lwelensi lube lukhetho olukhulu lokubamba izifundo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza okanye ezingalindelekanga - izilwanyana, iimbaleki, okanye izinto ezihambayo. Xa idibene ne-high-resolution sensor, olu hlobo lwe-lens lunokukunceda ufezekise imifanekiso ebukhali ngokuchaneka kwe-pinpoint kunye nokuhambelana.

I-0.5 iilensi ze-autofocus zisebenzisa i-motor yokunyathela yangaphakathi esebenza kunye nenkqubo ye-autofocus yekhamera ukuhambisa ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza nokuchanekileyo. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa kakhulu ixesha elifunekayo lohlengahlengiso xa sele kugxilwe, kuyenza ilunge kuzo zombini iividiyo kunye nokufota okumileyo. Kanye nokubonelela ngogqaliselo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi kuneelensi zezandla, olu yilo lwelensi luthembeke ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko zokukhanya eziguqukayo njengaxa usuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle okanye usebenza kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi njengokufota kwezemidlalo kunye nembonakalo yasebusuku.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, kubalulekile ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeelensi kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ukuze usebenzise ikhamera yakho ngcono. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelensi ezilungisiweyo kunye neelensi ezitshintshayo kunye nezoom ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokufota osebenza kulo. Ukuqonda iimpawu, imisebenzi kunye neempawu ziya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe i-lens engcono kakhulu yomsebenzi. Thatha ixesha xa ukhetha ilensi yekhamera yakho, qwalasela yonke imiba, ulinge ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ufumane eyona ihlangabezana neemfuno zakho.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.