Uxinzelelo olungaLahlekiyo: Yintoni kwaye uyisebenzisa njani

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 28, 2022

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo ngumbono obalulekileyo xa kuziwa kwimidiya yedijithali. Ibhekisa kwinkqubo apho idatha icinezelwe ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha. Ukunyanzeliswa kwelahleko yindlela enhle yokunciphisa ubungakanani befayile yemidiya yakho yedijithali ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola

• yintoni ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo,
• Ingaba isebenza kanjani, yaye
• indlela onokuyisebenzisa ngayo ukuze uzuze.

Masiqalise!

Inkcazo yokuNxinzelela okuLasless

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo luhlobo loxinzelelo lwedatha olugcina yonke idatha yoqobo ngexesha le-encoding kunye nenkqubo ye-decoding, ukuze umphumo ube ngumfanekiso ochanekileyo wefayile yendalo okanye idatha. Isebenza ngokufumana iipateni kwidatha kwaye iyigcine ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ifayile inamagama ama-5 aphinda-phindayo, endaweni yokugcina loo magama ma-5 aphindaphindekayo ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo luya kugcina umzekelo omnye welo gama, kunye nereferensi apho inokufumana khona ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwifayile.

Ngokungafaniyo uxinzelelo olulahlekileyo (elahla ulwazi oluthile ngokukhetha ukunciphisa ubungakanani) Uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa ikuvumela ukuba ugcine isisombululo somfanekiso, ukucaca kokubhaliweyo kunye nokunyaniseka kwefayile nge akukho lahleko yomgangatho. Oku kuyenza ilungele izicelo apho ulwazi oluthile luyimfuneko kwaye alunakubingelelwa ngokunciphisa ubungakanani. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo koxinzelelo olungenakulahleka kubandakanya:

• Ukucinezela iifayile zomculo (ngoko umgangatho womsindo kufuneka uhlale unjalo)
• Ukucinezela imifanekiso yezonyango (kuba iinkcukacha ezincinci zingabaluleka kuxilongo)
• Ukucinezela ikhowudi yemvelaphi yezicelo zesoftware
• Ukugcinwa kwamaxwebhu okugcinwa kwexesha elide.

Imizekelo yeecompressors ezinokusebenzisa olu hlobo lwe-algorithm ZIP kunye neefayile zePNG kunye nezinye iifomati zomfanekiso ezifana I-TIFF kunye ne-GIF.

Izibonelelo zokuNxinzelela okungaLahlekiyo

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo bubuchwepheshe obucinezela idatha ibe yisayizi encinci ngaphandle kwelahleko kumgangatho. Oku kuyenzeka ngokusetyenziswa kwee-algorithms ezichonga iintambo ezingafunekiyo okanye eziphinda-phindayo zedatha, kwaye ke endaweni yazo ngeekhowudi ezimfutshane. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela kunokunceda ukunciphisa ubungakanani bedatha kakhulu, rhoqo nge isiqingatha okanye ngaphezulu, eyenza abasebenzisi bagcine kwaye badlulise isixa esikhulu solwazi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaphandle kokugcina indawo yokugcina, kukho ezinye iingenelo eziphambili zokusebenzisa uxinzelelo olungalahlekiyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuphucula ukusebenza: Ukunyanzeliswa kwelahleko kunokuphucula isantya apho iifayile zithunyelwa njengoko zincinci kwaye zithatha i-bandwidth encinci ngelixa uthumela okanye ukhuphela.
• Ukunyaniseka kwedatha: Ngenxa yokuba akukho datha ilahlekileyo xa usebenzisa ucinezelo olungalahlekiyo, naluphi na ulwazi olufakwe kwikhowudi luya kuhlala lunjalo xa luthotywa.
• ukuhambelana: Iifayile ezicinezelweyo zidla ngokuvulwa ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kumaqonga ahlukeneyo ngenxa yomgangatho we-encoding algorithms.
• Ixesha elincitshisiweyo lokuSebenza: Ukunciphisa ubungakanani befayile kukhawuleza iinkqubo ezinjengokushicilela, ustrimisho kunye nokuhlela njengoko iifayile ezincinci zifuna amandla amancinci ekhompyuter.

Iintlobo zokuNxinzelela okuLaslessless

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa iindlela ezikuvumela ukuba ucinezele idatha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa naluphi na ulwazi. Iindidi ezixhaphakileyo zoxinzelelo olungenalahleko zi ZIP, gzip, kunye neLZW. Ezi zintathu, kunye nezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, zonke zineenzuzo zazo kunye neengxaki.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuxoxa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela zokucinezela ezilahlekileyo kunye nendlela yokuzisebenzisa:

• zip
• gzip
• I-LZW

Qhuba uFakelo lwekhowudi yoBubude

Qhuba uFakelo lwekhowudi yoBubude (RLE) yi-algorithm yoxinzelelo lwedatha esetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngaphandle kokuphulukana nedatha. Isebenza ngokuhlalutya idatha, ukukhangela abalinganiswa abalandelelanayo kwaye emva koko ubacinezele kwifom encinci, edibeneyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iifayile zigcinwe lula kwaye zidluliselwe. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokunciphisa, idatha yoqobo inokuvuselelwa ngokupheleleyo.

Ukubaleka Ubude beKhowudi buqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukucinezela imifanekiso yedijithali njengoko kunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ulwazi olungafunekiyo kwizinto ezifana iipateni eziphinda-phindayo, ukubaleka kwe pixels okanye iindawo ezinkulu ezizaliswe ngombala omnye. Amaxwebhu okubhaliweyo akwangabaviwa abafanelekileyo kuxinzelelo lwe-RLE kuba bahlala bequlatha amagama aphinda-phindayo kunye namabinzana.

Qhuba Ubude beKhowudi buthatha ithuba lokuba iisampulu ezininzi ezilandelelanayo ngaphakathi kweefayile ezimanyelwayo amaxabiso afanayo ukuze bacuthe ubungakanani kodwa bagcine umgangatho wabo wokuqala xa kuthotywa. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwisayizi yefayile - ngokuqhelekileyo 50% okanye ngaphezulu - kunye neelahleko ezimbalwa kakhulu malunga nomgangatho womsindo kunye nokusebenza.

Xa usebenzisa i-encoding ye-RLE, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubungakanani beefayile ezinxulumene nesandi okanye iifayile zomfanekiso, isenokungabi luncedo kwiintlobo zeefayile ezibhaliweyo ezithanda ukungabinamsebenzi omkhulu ngenxa yendlela ezenziwe ngayo ngokwesiqhelo. . Ke ngoko olunye ulingo oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo lunokuba yimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba wenze ukhetho lokugqibela lokuba olu hlobo lwetekhnoloji yoxinzelelo luzilungele na iimfuno zakho.

Ukubhalwa kweHuffman

Ukubhalwa kweHuffman yi-adaptha, engalahlekiyo yoxinzelelo lwe-algorithm yedatha. Le algorithm isebenzisa isethi yeempawu zedatha, okanye abalinganiswa, kunye nokuphindaphinda kwabo okwenzekayo kwifayile ukwakha ikhowudi yesimaphambili esisebenzayo. Le khowudi iqulathe amagama ekhowudi amafutshane amele abalinganiswa rhoqo kunye namagama ekhowudi amade amele anqabileyo. Ukusebenzisa ezi khowudi, i-Huffman Coding inokunciphisa ubungakanani befayile kunye nefuthe elincinci kwingqibelelo yayo yedatha.

I-Huffman Coding isebenza ngamanyathelo amabini: ukwakha iseti yeekhowudi zesimboli ezizodwa kunye nokuyisebenzisa ukucinezela umlambo wedatha. Iikhowudi zesimboli ziqhele ukwakhiwa ngokusasazwa kwefayile yengxubevange yoonobumba nakulwazi olufunyenwe ngokuphonononga amaza omoya azalanayo. iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zenzeka kuyo. Ngokubanzi, i-Huffman Coding isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunezinye ii-algorithms zoxinzelelo olungenalahleko xa isetyenziswa kwimithombo yedatha equlethe iimpawu amathuba angalinganiyo okuba kwenzeke - umzekelo, ukubonisa uxwebhu olubhaliweyo apho abanye oonobumba (njenge "e") zenzeka rhoqo kunezinye (njengokuthi "z").

IKhowudi ye-Arithmetic

Olunye uhlobo loxinzelelo olungenalahleko olunokusetyenziswa lubizwa ngokuba IKhowudi ye-Arithmetic. Le ndlela ithatha ithuba lokuba umjelo wedatha unokuba namalungu angafunekiyo asebenzisa indawo, kodwa angadlulisi ulwazi lokwenyani. Icinezela idatha ngokususa la macandelo angafunekiyo ngelixa igcina umxholo wayo wolwazi.

Ukuqonda ukuba isebenza njani i-Arithmetic Coding, makhe siqwalasele umzekelo osekwe kwiteksti. Masithi kukho abalinganiswa abane kumjelo wethu wedatha - A, B, C, kwaye D. Ukuba idatha ibishiywe ingaxinzelelwanga, umlinganiswa ngamnye unokuthatha amasuntswana asibhozo ewonke amasuntswana angama-32 kuwo wonke umjelo. Nge-Arithmetic Coding, nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso aphinda-phinda afana A kunye no-B inokumelwa ngamasuntswana angaphantsi kwesibhozo inye.

Kulo mzekelo siza kusebenzisa iibhloko ezine-bit ukumela umlinganiswa ngamnye okuthetha ukuba bonke oonobumba abane banokupakishwa kwibhloko enye ye-16-bit. I-encoder ijonga umjelo wedatha kwaye yabela okunokwenzeka kumlinganiswa ngamnye ngokusekelwe kumathuba abo okuvela kwimitya elandelelanayo ukuze kugcinwe isithuba ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu xa idityanisiwe kwelinye icala. Ngexesha loxinzelelo kuphela abo balinganiswa banokunokwenzeka okuphezulu bathatha amasuntswana ambalwa ngelixa abo banezakhelo ezisezantsi okanye abo bavela kancinci bayakufuna amasuntswana angaphezulu kwibhloko yomlinganiswa kodwa bahlala bebotshiwe ngaphakathi kwebhloko enye ye-16-bit njengangaphambi kokugcina iibyte ezininzi kuwo wonke umjelo wedatha xa xa kuthelekiswa nenguqulelo yayo engaxinzelelwanga.

Usetyenziswa njani Uxinzelelo olungenalahleko

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo yindlela yokufaka ikhowudi kunye nokucinezela idatha ngaphandle kokulahleka kolwazi. Le ndlela yoxinzelelo isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ubungakanani bemifanekiso yedijithali, iaudio, kunye neefayile zevidiyo. Ukunyanzeliswa kweLossless kwenza ukuba idatha igcinwe kwiqhezu lobukhulu bayo bokuqala, kubangele ifayile encinci kakhulu.

Ngoko, makhe singene kwiinkcukacha kwaye sihlolisise indlela yokusebenzisa ucinezelo olungalahlekanga:

Ifayile yeFayile

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo luhlobo loxinzelelo lwedatha olunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngaphandle kokuncama nayiphi na idatha equlethwe kwifayile yokuqala. Oku kuyenza ibe yindlela efanelekileyo yokucinezela iifayile ezinkulu ezinje ngeefoto zedijithali, iifayile zeaudio, kunye neeklip zevidiyo. Ukusebenzisa olu hlobo loxinzelelo, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zeefayile ezixhaswa yi-compressor engenakulahlekelwa kunye nendlela yokuseta ngokufanelekileyo kwiziphumo ezilungileyo.

Xa ucinezela ifayile ngeenjongo ezilahlekileyo, unokhetho oluninzi lweefomati zefayile. Ngokunokwenzeka, uya kukhetha phakathi IiJPEGs kunye neePNGs njengoko zombini zibonelela ngeziphumo ezigqwesileyo ezinobungakanani befayile ezilungileyo. Ungasebenzisa kwakhona iifomati ezifana I-GIF okanye i-TIFF ukuba isoftware yakho iyabaxhasa. Kukwakho neefomati ezicinezelweyo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iaudio okanye ividiyo. Ezi ziquka I-FLAC (i-audio engalahlekiyo), i-AVI (ividiyo engalahlekiyo), kunye nefomathi ye-Apple ye-QuickTime ye-Lossless (ALAC).

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa ezi fomati zibonelela ngoxinzelelo olungcono kunezakwabo ezingaxinzelelwanga, zinokuba nzima kakhulu ukusebenzisana nazo ngenxa yenkxaso yabo encinci kwezinye izicelo kunye neenkqubo zesoftware. Kuxhomekeke kulungiselelo lwakho, usebenzisa iifomati ezingaxinzelelwanga inokuba lula ekuhambeni kwexesha nokuba ithatha indawo eninzi kwidisk.

Izixhobo zokucinezela

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokucinezela ezikhoyo ezilungiselelwe ukunciphisa ubungakanani beefayile zedatha ngelixa ugcina ingqibelelo yedatha yokuqala. Ezi zixhobo zisebenzisa i-algorithms ukuchonga idatha engafunekiyo kwaye uyilahle kwifayile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa naluphi na ulwazi.

Uxinzelelo olungenalahleko luluncedo ngakumbi kwimifanekiso yegraphic, okanye ushicilelo lweaudio kunye nevidiyo. Izixhobo ezifana I-ZIP, iRAR, i-Stuffit X, i-GZIP kunye ne-ARJ Ixhasa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo oxinzelelo olungenalahleko kwiindidi zefayile ezahlukeneyo ezibandakanya iiPDF kunye nezinto ezicinezelekileyo (EXE). Umzekelo, ukuba ucinezela umfanekiso ngenye yezi fomati kwi isethingi yokunciphisa ubungakanani obukhulu, uya kuba nakho ukuvula nokujonga loo mfanekiso ngaphandle kokuphulukana neenkcukacha okanye ulwazi lombala.

I-algorithm esetyenzisiweyo iya kuchaphazela ubungakanani befayile obunokufezekiswa kunye nexesha elithathayo ukucubungula kunye nokucinezela ifayile. Oku kunokusukela kwimizuzu ukuya kwiiyure ezininzi kuxhomekeke kwindlela esiphucuke ngayo isixhobo osikhethileyo. Izixhobo zoxinzelelo ezidumileyo ezifana I-7-zip (LZMA2) zinika amanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo kodwa zifuna ixesha elide lokuqhubekeka. Iinkqubo eziphuculwe kakhulu ezifana SQ=z (SQUASH) Ziziqhelo ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi ezinokucudisa ii-byte ezongezelelweyo ngesantya sombane xa kuthelekiswa nezicelo ezidumileyo ezifana WinZip or Winrar kodwa ukuntsonkotha kwabo kobugcisa kuthetha ukuba abafane basetyenziswe ngabasebenzisi bePC abangabaziyo.

Ukunyanzelwa komfanekiso

Ukunciphisa umfanekiso yindlela yokunciphisa inani ledatha efunekayo ukumela umfanekiso wedijithali. Oku kwenziwa ngenye okanye zombini iindlela ezimbini: ngokususa okanye ukunciphisa idatha yemifanekiso engabalulekanga, ebizwa uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa; okanye ngokucocwa kwedatha ngenyameko, ebizwa uxinzelelo olulahlekileyo.

kunye uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa, umfanekiso uvela kanye njengoko wawusenza phambi kokuba ucinezelwe kwaye usebenzisa imemori encinci yokugcina. Nge uxinzelelo olulahlekileyo ubuchule, enye idata ilahleka xa ifayile igciniwe kwaye icinezelwe kwakhona kodwa xa yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, akukho siphene sibonakalayo kufuneka sibonwe kwifayile yokuqala engaxinzelelwanga.

Ubuchwephesha bokucinezela obungenalahleko busetyenziswa kakhulu kwimifanekiso yedijithali, nakwimizobo yoyilo lokuhamba komsebenzi. Ubuchule obungenalahleko buvumela iifayile ukuba zicinezelwe zibe kubukhulu obuncinci kakhulu kunokuba bezicinezelwe ngezinye iindlela ezifana nemifanekiso yeJPEG eyilelwe uxinzelelo olulahlekileyo apho ufumana ubungakanani befayile encinci ngexabiso lomgangatho olahlekileyo okanye iinkcukacha.

Iifomati zomfanekiso ezingenalahleko ziquka:

• IiFireworks PNGs (ortf)
• GIF (gif)
• kunye nefomathi esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo TIFF (Tiff).

Usetyenziso lwesoftware yokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso efana nePhotoshop inokuvula iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemifanekiso kwaye iyiguqulele kwenye yezi fomati isebenzisa iimpawu ezinje ngo “Gcina njenge” eziyindlela eziguqulwa ngayo iifayile phakathi kweefomati ngaphandle kokukhuphela isoftwe eyongezelelweyo.

Ezinye iifomati zomfanekiso ezizezinye ezifana JPEG 2000 (jp2) baphinde basebenzise olu hlobo lobuchule bokucinezela nangona kunjalo babonelela ngenzuzo eyongezelelweyo kuba banokugcina ulwazi oluchanekileyo oluthe ngqo xa kuthelekiswa neeJPEGs ngelixa benobukhulu befayile encinci ngenxa yeskimu sabo sekhowudi esisebenzayo.

isiphelo

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo sisixhobo esinamandla esinokukunceda ukunciphisa ubungakanani befayile kwaye ugcine indawo yokugcina, ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuba awulahlekelwa nayiphi na idatha kwinkqubo. Ikuvumela ukuba ucinezele iifayile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa naluphi na ulwazi oluquletheyo, uzenze kulula ukugcina, ukufikelela kunye nokwabelana.

Ukuququmbela, uxinzelelo olungenakulahlekelwa sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sogcino nolawulo lwale mihla.

Isishwankathelo sokuNxinzelela okuLaslessless

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo luhlobo lwenkqubo yocinezelo lwedatha olunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngaphandle kokuncama nayiphi na idatha equlethwe ngaphakathi. Ilungele ukucinezela iifayile ezisekelwe kwisicatshulwa njengamaxwebhu, i-spreadsheets, kunye nemifanekiso kunye neefayile zeaudio.

Inzuzo ephambili yokunyanzeliswa okungalahlekiyo kukuba ikuvumela ukuba unciphise ubungakanani befayile ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho wefayile. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifayile efanayo inokucinezelwa amaxesha amaninzi, okwenza kube lula ukugcina nokudlulisa iifayile ezinkulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulula. Ikwavumela ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokususa idatha engafunekiyo kwifayile kunye nokugcina kuphela izinto ezibalulekileyo zolwazi.

Ngokubanzi, zimbini iintlobo ze-algorithms zoxinzelelo olungenalahleko - ialgorithms esekwe kwisichazi-magama njenge Deflate/GZip okanye Lempel-Ziv (ecinezela iifayile kuluhlu olunesalathisi) okanye iindlela zokuphelisa ukungafuneki ezifana nekhowudi ye-arithmetic okanye i-encoding yobude be-encoding (esusa ukungafuneki ngokudibanisa iipateni eziphindayo). Uhlobo ngalunye luneenjongo zalo ezikhethekileyo xa kuziwa kwiintlobo zeendaba kunye nezicelo.

Ngemifanekiso, ngokukodwa, iifomati zemifanekiso ezilahlekileyo ezifana PNG zikhethwa ngaphezu kwezinye iifomati ilahleko ezifana JPEG kuba zigcina iinkcukacha zomfanekiso ngcono kuneJPEG ngelixa zinikezela ngenqanaba elifanelekileyo loxinzelelo ngaphandle kokuthotywa okubalulekileyo kumgangatho womfanekiso okanye ubunzima ekuguquleni ikhowudi okanye ekufumaneni kwakhona idatha yemvelaphi yoqobo. Ngokufanayo, umsindo wedijithali iifayile ze-waveform ezingacinezelekanga thanda ukwenza ngcono nge iindlela zevector quantization kuneendlela ezisulungekileyo zokunciphisa ibitrate.

Ukuqukumbela, ukunyanzeliswa okungalahlekiyo yindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa ubukhulu beefayile ezinkulu ngaphandle kombingelelo kumgangatho; oku kubenzela iindlela ezizezinye zokugcina idatha exabisekileyo ngelixa ugcina kwindawo yokugcina kunye neendleko. Njengoko ii-algorithms ezahlukeneyo zilungele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yeendaba ngokusebenzayo ngakumbi kunabanye, kusoloko kungcono ukwenza uphando malunga nokuba yeyiphi ifomathi ilungele iimfuno zakho zokhuseleko lwabucala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendawo - ukhetho oluchanekileyo lunokwenza wonke umahluko!

Izibonelelo zokuNxinzelela okungaLahlekiyo

Uxinzelelo olungenasiphelo yinkqubo ye-encoding kunye ne-decoding evumela iifayile ukugcina indawo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho. Nangona ixabiso lokugcina lihlala lihla, ukugcina umxholo wedijithali okumgangatho ophezulu kunokubiza kwaye kudle ixesha. I-algorithms yoxinzelelo olungenalahleko luququzelela ukugcinwa, ukwenziwa kwenethiwekhi, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwefayile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, isantya sokuhanjiswa kwedatha ephuculweyo inokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene nemisebenzi ye-I / O kunye nokunceda amasebe ohlalutyo lwenzululwazi okanye lwezonyango aqinisekise iziphumo zawo ngokukhawuleza.

Iingenelo zokusebenzisa iindlela zokucinezela ezingalahlekiyo ziquka:

• Ukunciphisa ubungakanani befayile ngaphandle kokwazisa nayiphi na impazamo okanye ukuthotywa komgangatho
• Ukuphuculwa kwezantya zokulayisha iphepha ngokunciphisa inani ledatha ekhutshelwe kwiwebhu
• Amasango okuvula izicelo zomthombo ezinciphisa iindleko zonxibelelwano ukufikelela umxholo kwiiseva ze-intanethi
• Ukonyuka kwezakhono zogcino lokugcina ixesha elide lomxholo wedijithali
• Kuvulwe iindlela zesixhobo esibonakalayo kunye neenkonzo zemidiya zokusasaza kwi-Intanethi ngokulungiselela abaphulaphuli abanokubakho ngobuninzi bemithombo ye-bandwidth

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.