Udweliso lwenkqubo yeemodyuli: Yintoni na kwaye zeziphi izinto eziluncedo kwiimodyuli zeSoftware

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Julayi 6, 2022

Udweliso lwenkqubo lwemodyuli bubuchule bokulungelelanisa ikhowudi ibe ziziqwenga ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo ezinojongano oluchazwe ngokucacileyo.

Ivumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe ngokukhawuleza izicelo ezithembekileyo kwaye kulula ukuzigcina. Udweliso lwenkqubo lwemodyuli lukwanciphisa ukuntsonkotha kukonke kwekhowudi, ikwenza kube lula ukuyilungisa nokuguqula.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha ingcamango yenkqubo yeemodyuli kunye neenzuzo zokusebenzisa iimodyuli zesofthiwe.

Inkcazo yeNkqubo yeModyuli

Inkqubo yeModyuli yindlela yokuphuhlisa isoftware egxile ekwahluleni kwekhowudi ibe ngamacandelo azimeleyo kunye atshintshanayo aziwa ngokuba ziimodyuli okanye amathala eencwadi. Imodyuli nganye inomlinganiselo omncinci wekhowudi efunekayo ukufezekisa umsebenzi othile, evumela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi ngaphakathi kwesicelo, kunye nakwizicelo zonke. Ngokwahlula imisebenzi kwiimodyuli ezidityanisiweyo ngokukhululekileyo, iinxalenye zomntu ngamnye zinokuphuhliswa ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ezinye iindawo zenkqubo. Oku kwenza inkqubo yemodyuli idume kwizicelo ezinzima apho utshintsho kufuneka lwenzeke ngokukhawuleza ekuhambeni kwexesha okanye ukuba intsebenziswano ngabaphuhlisi abaninzi iyafuneka.

Uncedo lwenkqubo yeemodyuli zininzi, nto leyo eyenza kube lukhetho olunomtsalane kumaqela amaninzi ophuhliso. Kolunye, ihlala yenza ikhowudi ibe lula kakhulu ukuyifunda nokugcina kuba yonke imisebenzi enxulumeneyo icwangciswe kunye kwindawo enye. Iimodyuli ziphinda zisombulule imingeni yophuhliso eqhelekileyo efana noguqulelo kunye nokuhanjiswa kuba imodyuli nganye inenombolo yayo yenguqulelo enokuthi ilandelelwe uhlaziyo. Iimodyuli zenzelwe ukuguquguquka kwengqondo - ngoko xa uphuculo lwenziwa okanye iimpawu zongezwa, kuphela imodyuli echaphazelekayo kufuneka itshintshwe kunokubhala kwakhona ikhowudi enkulu ukusuka ekuqaleni. Okokugqibela, ukusebenzisa iimodyuli kukhawulezisa amaxesha eeprojekthi kuba izisombululo ezikhoyo zihlala zisetyenziswa endaweni yokudala yonke into ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Izinto eziluncedo kwiModyuli yeNkqubo

Inkqubo yemodyuli yindlela yokuphuhlisa isoftware ebandakanya ukwahlula ikhowudi kwiimodyuli ezizimeleyo nezizimeleyo. Iimodyuli zenziwe ngumntu ngamnye, imisebenzi emincinci enokuthi isetyenziswe, iphinde isetyenziswe, iguqulwe okanye icinywe ngokulula. Iinzuzo, okanye iingenelo zale ndlela zivela ekuphuculweni kokufundeka kwekhowudi ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokulinganisa, ukuvavanywa kunye nokwenzeka.

Ngokwahlula imisebenzi kwiimodyuli ezahlukileyo, inkqubo yeemodyuli yenza lula inkqubo yolungiso lweempazamo kuba iyunithi nganye eyahlukileyo isebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwezinye. Oku kuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bachonge iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulula ngakumbi njengoko zijolise kwindawo enye. Iimodyuli zikwakhuthaza intsebenziswano yeqela ngokunika imiba eyahlukeneyo yeprojekthi kumalungu ahlukeneyo; oku kuqinisekisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo sokuhanjiswa.

Enye inzuzo yenkqubo yeemodyuli isekukwazini kwayo ukuphinda isetyenziswe; amacandelo anokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinye iiprojekthi ngeenzame zokunciphisa ixesha lekhowudi kunye neenzame kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezifuna iindidi ezifanayo zokusebenza. Oku kufuna ukugcinwa okuncinci njengoko kukho ikhowudi esele ivavanyiwe enokuthi iqeshwe kwenye indawo - ukuhlela imodyuli ekhoyo endaweni yokubhala entsha ngokupheleleyo ukusuka ekuqaleni kudla kufuna umzamo omncinci kwicala lomphuhlisi.

Ngaphezu koko, ngenkqubo yeemodyuli iza scalability; Ukongeza izinto ezintsha okanye ukususa ezindala akusafuni kuphinda kubhalwe ngokubanzi - vele uhlele okanye ubuyisele into ekufuneka ilungiswe ngaphakathi kwemodyuli yayo emva koko uyidibanise nezinye iimodyuli ezikhoyo kwakhona endaweni yokutyala ixesha elingakumbi ubhala yonke into kwakhona. Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa iimodyuli kukhuthaza ukuvavanywa - abaphuhlisi banokwakha kwiyunithi nganye ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuba kuya kuchaphazela njani amanye amalungu ngexesha lovavanyo okanye ukuphindaphinda.
Lilonke, abasebenzi abasebenzisa le paradigm baxhamla kumaxesha amafutshane ophuhliso ngelixa beqinisekisa inkqubo ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka kunye nokwandiswa ngokusebenzisa i-clumps echazwe kakuhle (iimodyuli) okanye iiyunithi ezizimeleyo ezihlangeneyo ukudala inkqubo / isicelo ngokupheleleyo

Iinzuzo zeNkqubo yeModyuli

Udweliso lwenkqubo lwemodyuli luhlobo lwenkqubo egxile ekwaphuleni ingxaki enkulu, entsonkothileyo ukuya kutsho kwizinto ezincinci, ezilawulekayo. Ivumela abadwelisi benkqubo ukuba bahlule ikhowudi yabo kwiimodyuli ezincinci, ezizimeleyo ezinokuthi zitshintshwe, zitshintshwe, kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona ngaphandle kokubhenela ekubhaleni kwakhona inkqubo yonke. Kukho iingenelo ezininzi kucwangciso lweemodyuli, kubandakanywa ukulinganisa okungcono kunye nokugcinwa lula. Makhe sihlolisise ezi ngenelo ngakumbi.

ULondolozo olulula

Ukugcina iqhekeza lesoftware eyakhiwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo yeemodyuli kulula kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokugcina ikhowudi engeyiyo yemodyuli. Xa isiqwenga sekhowudi sibhalwe ngendlela yemodyuli, iyunithi nganye inoxanduva lokwenza umsebenzi othile, ikwenza kube lula kakhulu ukulungisa iingxaki kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu inani leemeko zovavanyo ekufuneka ziqhutywe, ezinokunceda ukugcina ixesha kunye nemali xa ujongene nokulungiswa kwesofthiwe kunye nokuphucula.

Ukongeza koko, ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli kwenza kube lula ukuphinda usebenzise imisebenzi eyenziwe ngaphakathi kubo, njengoko inokuthi isetyenziswe rhoqo kwizicelo ezininzi okanye iimeko endaweni yokufuna ukuphindaphinda ixesha ngalinye lifuneka. Oku kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi ongaphantsi kweekhowudi kufuneka wenziwe njengoko yonke imisebenzi inokukhutshelwa kwezinye iziqwenga zekhowudi xa kuyimfuneko.

Udweliso lwemodyuli lukwaboleka kakuhle kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zekhowudi zeqela njengoko amalungu ahlukeneyo enokukhetha ngokulula iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo kwaye asebenze kuzo ngabanye phambi kokuba ekugqibeleni zidityaniswe kunye kwimveliso yokugqibela lelinye ilungu okanye umsebenzi. Oku kuvumela usetyenziso lwesoftware entsonkothileyo okanye iiwebhusayithi ukuba zakhiwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwesidingo sayo nayiphi na inkqubo enye enolwazi lweencyclopedic kuzo zonke iinkalo zekhowudi ezibandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi.

Ukufundeka okuphuculweyo

Ngokufakela idatha, inkqubo yeemodyuli inyusa ukufundeka kwekhowudi yomthombo. Oku kungenxa yokuba naluphi na ulwazi olungeyomfuneko kunye nekhowudi ifakwe kwimodyuli enokuthi ibhekiselele endaweni yokuba ibandakanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Xa idatha okanye iziqwenga ezithile zekhowudi zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuyo yonke iprojekthi yophuhliso, inkqubo yeemodyuli ikhuthaza abaphuhlisi ukuba bayiqhekeze ibe yimisebenzi eyenza kube lula ukuyiqonda kwaye ikhawuleze ukuhlela xa kuyimfuneko.

Udweliso lweemodyuli lunyusa ukufundeka ngenye indlela ngokunjalo. Ukugcina ikhowudi ngokwahlukileyo kunokuvumela iilebhile ezithe ngqo kunye neenkcazo xa ubhekisela kumacandelo ekhowudi yeprojekthi. Ngokuqhekeza iprojekthi kwiimodyuli ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona ezibhalwe ngenkcazo umntu unokukhangela ngokukhawuleza amacandelo athile ngaphandle kokufuna ukufunda ngemigca emininzi okanye iifayile ezipheleleyo zemiyalelo yekhowudi ekhutshiweyo. Umzekelo, ukuba unemodyuli yokuphatha idatha, unokuyibiza ngokuthi "Ukuphathwa kwedatha" ukuze wazi ukuba iya kubhekisa ntoni na phambi kokuba uyifake phakathi kwendawo yakho yokusebenza yekhowudi. Ukucaca okunjalo kunceda abanye abaphuhlisi baqonde ngokukhawuleza ukuba inkqubo isebenza njani xa kufundwa kwaye ihamba ngekhowudi yomthombo ephucula ukusetyenziswa kwesoftware kubo bonke ubomi bayo.

Ukonyuka kokusetyenziswa kwakhona

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zenkqubo yeemodyuli kukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. Inkqubo yemodyuli ikuvumela ukuba ukhuphe imisebenzi esisiseko yenkqubo kwaye uyisebenzise kwezinye iinkqubo ezininzi. Oku kubonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi xa usakha izisombululo zesoftware entsha kuba unokwenza iinkqubo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubize ngempumelelo.

Iimodyuli ziiyunithi ezizimeleyo, oku kuthetha ukuba naluphi na utshintsho kwenye aluyi kuchaphazela ezinye iimodyuli, nje ukuba zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kukhuthaza intsebenziswano yabaphuhlisi, njengoko amaqela ahlukeneyo anokusebenza kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokuphazamisana nomsebenzi womnye nomnye. Ikwanciphisa amathuba okuba iibugs zingeniswe kwinkqubo ngokwenza abaphuhlisi bagxile kumacandelo ngamanye ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba nexhala malunga nemiba ebingalindelekanga erhubuluza kwikhowudi yabo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi ebonelelwe yinkqubo yeemodyuli kwakhona ivumela ukuhambelana kwamaxesha ophuhliso kunye neziphumo zeprojekthi eziqikelelwayo, kuba abaphuhlisi banokutsala kwiikhowudi esele zikhona ngaphambili ukwenza isoftware entsha. Ngokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokusetyenziswa kwakhona, amaqela ophuhliso anokwandisa imveliso yawo yonke kwaye agcine iiyure ezixabisekileyo zeminye imisebenzi okanye iiprojekthi.

Ukuphuculwa koMgangatho weKhowudi

Inkqubo yemodyuli ineengenelo ezininzi eziphambili, kodwa eyona idla ngokugqama kakhulu kukuphucula umgangatho wekhowudi. Ngokusebenzisa iimodyuli, ikhowudi inokubhalwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo kunye necwangcisiweyo, ukwenza ikhowudi iqonde kwaye ifundwe lula. Ngokukodwa, xa zidityaniswe nokuphawula okufanelekileyo kwekhowudi, inkqubo yemodyuli yenza kube lula ukuhlaziya kunye nokucoca iinkqubo ezikhoyo kuba zibhalwe ngcono. Ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli kwakhona kuphelisa ukukhowudwa okungafunekiyo okunokunceda ukuthintela iibugs ukuba zenzeke kuba kuya kubakho inguqulelo enye yomsebenzi othile osetyenziswa kwinkqubo yonke. Ukubhala imisebenzi emincinci ngoxanduva lomntu ocacileyo kwakhona kunciphisa ubungakanani beempazamo eziziswa kwinkqubo xa iinkqubo ezinkulu zihlengahlengiswa ngenxa yeenguqu kwiimfuno okanye iibugs ezifunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo. Ngokubanzi, olu phuculo lwekhowudi luvumela ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko zeeprojekthi kunye neziphumo eziphezulu zomgangatho kubasebenzisi bokugqibela.

Ukuntsokotha okuNcitshisiweyo

Ukusebenzisa inkqubo yeemodyuli kunokunciphisa ukuntsonkotha kophuhliso lwesoftware ngokuyiqhekeza ibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Icandelo ngalinye liba yimodyuli kwinkqubo, emele iseti yemiyalelo ezimeleyo enokuvavanya kwaye ivavanywe ngokulula. Oku kunceda abaphuhlisi baqonde ngcono ingxaki kwaye bagxininise kwicandelo elinye ngexesha, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa kunye nokulungelelanisa njengoko kufuneka. Ngokuqhekeza ingxaki kwiinqununu ezincinci, abaphuhlisi bayakwazi ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, ukuvumela umjikelezo wophuhliso olukhawulezayo kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wekhowudi. Inkqubo yemodyuli ikwavumela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi, apho icandelo elinye linokusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, ukonga ixesha elibalulekileyo ngexesha lemijikelo yophuhliso. Ukongeza, ukucwangciswa kweemodyuli kwenza kube lula ukuba amaqela aphule imisebenzi kwaye asebenzisane ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kuba wonke umntu usebenza "kwiimodyuli" zakhe endaweni yeprojekthi enye ekwabelwana ngayo.

Ubuchwephesha beNkqubo yeModyuli eqhelekileyo

Udweliso lwenkqubo yemodyuli luhlobo lwenkqubo yophuhliso lwesoftware apho ikhowudi yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo ahlukeneyo, azimeleyo, ngalinye lisenza umsebenzi walo othile. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo luvumela ukugcinwa lula kunye nokuguquguquka, njengoko iinxalenye zomntu ngamnye zingaphinda zisetyenziswe kwezinye izicelo. Kweli candelo, siza kudlula kwezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwimodyuli yokucwangcisa.

Programming Oriented Programming

Inkqubo ejoliswe kwinjongo (OOP) luhlobo lwanamhlanje lwenkqubo yemodyuli esebenzisa izinto ukucwangcisa ikhowudi yomthombo kunye nokubonelela ngendlela enokuphinda isetyenziswe ekuphuhliseni. Izinto ziqulethe imisebenzi kunye nedatha, eyaziwa ngokuba yimpawu, ezinokusebenzisana nomnye ukuphunyezwa kweprogram. Eyona nto iluncedo ye-OOP kukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwekhowudi; izinto zibhalwa kube kanye kwaye zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezininzi. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-OOP ziquka i-encapsulation, ilifa kunye ne-polymorphism.

I-encapsulation ivumela izinto ukuba zigcine idatha yazo ngokukhuselekileyo; oku kuthintela ufikelelo oluvela kwezinye iindawo zesixokelelwano. Endaweni yokutshintsha izinto eziguquguqukayo ngokuthe ngqo ngekhowudi yangaphandle, i-encapsulation ibonelela ngentsebenziswano elawulwayo ngeendlela ezichaziweyo okanye imisebenzi. Ilifa livumela izinto ukuba zifumane iimpawu kwinto yomzali ukuze ungahlali ubhala umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. I-Polymorphism ibonelela ngezinto ngeendlela ezifikelelekayo ngegama elifanayo kodwa ukuphunyezwa okwahlukileyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezithile ngaphakathi kweprogram.

Ezi zezinye zeendlela zanamhlanje ezinxulumene nenkqubo ejolise kwinto; kukho ezinye ezinje ngokuthatha, ukumodareyitha kunye ne-metaprogramming ezenza idume phakathi kwabaphuhlisi abafuna ukungaguquguquki kuyilo lwesoftware.

Inkqubo yeNkqubo

Inkqubo yenkqubo lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yeemodyuli. Isebenzisa ulungelelwaniso olusuka phezulu, okuthetha ukuba luqala ngombono obanzi weengxaki emva koko izophule ngokwazo. Kwinkqubo yenkqubo, iimodyuli zenziwe kwiinqununu zekhowudi ezifeza umsebenzi okanye ukusombulula ingxaki. Ngokubanzi, iinkqubo ziphuhliswa ngendlela ehambelanayo kunye ne-algorithms esetyenziselwa ukuphatha inkqubo nganye. Iimodyuli zingasetyenziswa amaxesha amaninzi kwaye endaweni yokuba ubhale kwakhona ikhowudi enye kwakhona, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zekhowudi zinokubiza izinto zemodyuli esele ikhona njengoko kufuneka. Oku akugcini nje ixesha lophuhliso kodwa kwenza ukulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokugcinwa kube lula kakhulu kubaphuhlisi.

Inkqubo yokuSebenza

Udweliso lwenkqubo olusebenzayo bubuchule obuqhekeza inkqubo ibe yimisebenzi. Imisebenzi ngamaqhekeza ahlukeneyo ekhowudi afumana igalelo, enze isenzo, kwaye abuyisele isiphumo. Akukho tshintsho lwamazwe okanye idatha ngaphakathi kwezi nkqubo, izenza kube lula ukuvavanya nokugcina ixesha elide. Oku kwenza iimodyuli ezisebenzayo zibe lula ukulungisa iimpazamo kuneemodyuli ezinkulu, njengoko kukho iindawo ezihambayo ezimbalwa kwikhowudi. Ngendlela esemgangathweni yokucwangcisa iziphumo ezinzile nezithembekileyo zinokufumaneka ngokukhawuleza.

Inkqubo esebenzayo ikwakhuthaza abaphuhlisi ukuba bajonge iingxaki ngendlela “yokuthabatha kuqala”. Umdwelisi wenkqubo uqala ngokudala imisebenzi yeparametered abanokuthi bayiguqule njengoko behamba kumjikelo wabo wophuhliso kwaye bacokise izisombululo zabo. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukwenza amacandelo anokuthi aphinde asetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi ezininzi kunye nokuxhasa iimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokufuna ukubhala ngokupheleleyo ikhowudi ukusuka ekuqaleni rhoqo.

Iinzuzo zokusebenzisa inkqubo esebenzayo yoyilo lwemodyuli yesoftware yenza iinkqubo zibe lula ukuvavanya ngokuziqhekeza zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci, aguquguqukayo njengoko unokudibanisa imisebenzi yemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, imijikelo yophuhliso olukhawulezayo ngenxa yogcino oluncinci olufunekayo kwikhowudi yenkqubo, amacandelo asebenzisekayo awunyanzelekanga ukuba wenze ezintsha ngexesha ngalinye, kwaye okokugqibela ukonyusa ukusebenza ngokuthelekisa imisebenzi kwimisonto emininzi ngaxeshanye ukuba iyafuneka.

Imingeni yeNkqubo yeModyuli

Ukucwangcisa iimodyuli, okanye ukwahlula imisebenzi yenkqubo kwiimodyuli ezincinci, kunemingeni yayo. Le mingeni inokubandakanya, kodwa ayiphelelanga apho, ukubiza iindibano, ukudala ujongano phakathi kweemodyuli, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imodyuli ingaphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ivavanywa ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuze wenze inkqubo eyimpumelelo, kufuneka uqonde ubunzima obubandakanyekayo kwaye uhambe kule mingeni ngokulula. Makhe sixoxe ngeyona mingeni ixhaphakileyo eyayanyaniswa nenkqubo yeemodyuli.

Ukuphuhlisa

Ukulungisa iimodyuli ezinatyisiweyo kunokuba ngumngeni omkhulu. Ngenxa yokuba isoftware yahlulwe yangamacandelo amaninzi, uvavanyo, ukuchonga kunye nokulungisa iimpazamo kumacandelo ngamanye kunokuthatha ixesha. Ngaphezu koko, ekubeni amacandelo kufuneka asebenzisane omnye nomnye, kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nokuba onke amalungu ashukumayo adibana njani.

Ukuba ikhowudi yemvelaphi ibhaliwe ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kubalingane bayo, ukulungisa ingxaki kuya kuba nzima kwaye kuthathe ixesha kuneendlela zemveli zokulungisa. Umzekelo, ukuba inkqubo yeemodyuli ikhokelela ekuphumeni okungafunekiyo kwiimodyuli ezahlukeneyo ekunzima ukuzilungisa ngokwahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuthembela kwamanye amacandelo, uhlengahlengiso kufuneka lwenziwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesoftware ngaxeshanye okanye abasoze bavavanywe ngokupheleleyo.

Enye into eyongeza ubunzima ngexesha lokulungiswa kwenkqubo yemodyuli lulawulo lwenguqulelo kuba iinguqulelo ezintsha zihlala zikhutshwa njengoko iibugs zilungiswa kwaye utshintsho luphunyeziwe. Kubalulekile ukugcina umkhondo wokuba loluphi uguqulelo lwemodyuli nganye esebenzayo ngoku ukuze ibuyiselwe umva ngokulula kwimeko yokuhlehla okanye ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngenxa yekhowudi yebuggy. Isishwankathelo, ukulungisa iimpazamo kwiinkqubo zeemodyuli ngokufanelekileyo kufuna ingqwalasela enkulu kwiinkcukacha kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo kwisigaba ngasinye sophuhliso.

Testing

Iimodyuli zesoftware zivavanywa ngokwahlukileyo ngaphambi kokuba zihlanganiswe kwisicelo esiphambili. Le ndlela inenzuzo ngakumbi xa inkqubo inzima kakhulu njengoko inceda ukuchonga naziphi na iimpazamo ezinokuthi zibekho kwimodyuli enye ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukuphunyezwa kwezinye iindawo zeprogram.

Iimodyuli zovavanyo zinokufuna umgangatho othile wobuchule kwaye kukho imingeni emininzi ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa uzama ukuchonga imiba enokubakho. Ngaphandle kovavanyo olululo, ezi mpazamo zingabhaqwanga zinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwaye zidale iibugs ezinzima ezinokuba nzima ukuzibona nokuzilungisa.

Kubalulekile ukuba kubekho iimeko zovavanyo ezithile kuzo zonke iimodyuli ezisasaziweyo kunye nako konke ukuxhomekeka kwedatha phakathi kwazo ukuze kungabikho ukwenzeka ukuba abaphuhlisi bophule ngempazamo okanye balungise imodyuli okanye ubume bedatha ngaphandle kokuqonda ukusebenza kwayo okanye injongo. Kukwabalulekile ukuba abaphuhlisi bachonge naluphi na utshintsho kwiimfuno ngokukhawuleza njengoko oku kunokunciphisa ubude bexesha elifunekayo ukulungisa ingxaki. Uvavanyo kufuneka kwakhona lugxininise ekusebenzeni, ukulinganisa, ukhuseleko, ukuphatheka, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokufumaneka kwezibonelelo ukuba kuyimfuneko. Xa inkqubo iphuhliswe ngokufanelekileyo kunye neprogram yemodyuli ngokufanelekileyo akufanele kubekho ukuxhomekeka okungalindelekanga phakathi kweemodyuli ezinokukhokelela kwiingxabano okanye iingxabano phakathi kwemisebenzi ehambelanayo.

amaxwebhu

Iimodyuli zeSoftware zifuna amaxwebhu akhaphayo ukuchaza indlela esebenza ngayo imodyuli kunye nendlela edibana ngayo namanye amacandelo enkqubo. Oku kunokuba nzima kwaye kudle ixesha, ngakumbi njengoko ikhowudi yakho ikhula. Ngelixa iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zinokunceda, azikafaneli zibambe lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko kunye nokuqonda kwesoftware yakho. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wezandla onobuchule uyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba onke amacandelo asebenzisana ngokuchanekileyo nokuba abasebenzisi banemiyalelo eneenkcukacha ezaneleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba uxwebhu lwakho lugcinwe lusexesheni ukuze kuthintelwe iziphene ezibangelwa lulwazi olungachanekanga okanye olungaphelelanga. Ukongeza, ukubandakanya abaphuhlisi abatsha kwiprojekthi kunokufuna umzamo othe kratya kuba kufuneka baqhelane neemodyuli ezikhoyo endaweni yokugxila kuphela kumsebenzi omncinci okhoyo.

Ukuxhomekeka

Omnye wemingeni ephambili eyayanyaniswa nokusebenza kwiiprojekthi zenkqubo yemodyuli kukuxhomekeka. Ayiqhelekanga ukuba imodyuli ifune ulwakhiwo kunye neendlela ukusuka kwenye imodyuli ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba utshintsho olwenziwe ngaphakathi kwezinye iimodyuli alungqubuzani neemodyuli ezikhoyo, okanye ziphule iimodyuli ezixhomekeke kuzo.

Ngenxa yoku, ukuchongwa okufanelekileyo, ulawulo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokuxhomekeka kubaluleke kakhulu xa kusenziwa isoftware. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweelebhile, iithegi kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba into entsha nganye eyongeziweyo ibalwa phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye iimodyuli ezixhomekeke kuyo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezibandakanya iinjineli ezininzi ezisebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo axhomekeke omnye komnye, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqondana okwabelwanayo phakathi kweqela ukuze kungabikho ukungaqondani okanye iingxabano xa kudityaniswa ikhowudi kunye. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa abaphuhlisi abahlukeneyo besebenza ngokwahlukileyo kwiikhowudi ezisebenzisa ukuxhomekeka okwabelwanayo okanye amathala eencwadi - njengoko zonke iinguqu kufuneka zilungelelaniswe ngononophelo phakathi kwabaphuhlisi, kwaye zivavanywe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuphepha nayiphi na imiba enokuphulwa kwabathengi.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yeemodyuli yindlela esebenzayo yokuphuhlisa iiprojekthi ezinkulu zesoftware. Kukucazululwa kwekhowudi ibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, alawulekayo anokusebenza kuwo ngokuzimeleyo kwaye athathelwe ithuba xa kusakhiwa ezinye iinkqubo. Inkqubo yemodyuli ineenzuzo ezininzi kakhulu - yenza lula ukulungisa iimpazamo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, inciphisa ixesha lophuhliso, yenza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kube lula, ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kweekhowudi, kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa kobuchule bokudibanisa iqonga. Ngazo zonke izibonelelo zayo, inkqubo yeemodyuli ngokuqinisekileyo ifanelekile ukuqwalaselwa xa uyila iprojekthi yakho yesoftware elandelayo.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.