SDI: Yintoni uthotho Digital Interface?

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Julayi 9, 2022

uthotho yedijithali ujongano (SDI) bubuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino losasazo ukusasaza idijithali engaxinzelelwanga yokuzonwabisa iimpawu.

I-SDI iyakwazi ukuthwala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3Gbps yedatha ngelixa igcina i-latency ephantsi kakhulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu.

Ihlala ingumqolo weziseko zokusasaza ezininzi, ezivumela imiqondiso yomsindo kunye nevidiyo ukuba iqhutywe kumgama omde kunye ne-latency encinci kunye nokulahleka komgangatho.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iziseko ze-SDI kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kushishino losasazo.

Inkcazelo yothotho lweDigital Interface (SDI)

I-Serial Digital Interface (SDI) luhlobo lojongano lwedijithali olusetyenziselwa ukuthwala ividiyo yedijithali kunye nemiqondiso yomsindo.

I-SDI yenza ukuba ukuhanjiswa kweempawu zevidiyo zedijithali ezingacinezelekanga, ezingafihlwanga kumgama omde westudio okanye kwiindawo zosasazo.

Yaphuhliswa nguMbutho weeNjineli zeMotion kunye neeNjineli zeTelevishini (SMPTE) ukuba ithathe indawo yevidiyo edibeneyo ye-analog kunye nenye indawo yevidiyo yecandelo.

I-SDI isebenzisa i-point-to-point uxhumano phakathi kwezixhobo ezibini, ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nentambo ye-coaxial okanye i-fiber optic pair, kwi-standard okanye i-high definition resolution.

Xa izixhobo ezibini ze-SDI ezikwaziyo ziqhagamshelwe, zibonelela ngokuhanjiswa okucocekileyo kwimigama emide ngaphandle kwezinto zoxinzelelo okanye ukulahleka kwedatha.

Oku kwenza i-SDI ifaneleke ngokupheleleyo kwizicelo ezinjengosasazo oluphilayo, apho umgangatho wemifanekiso kufuneka uhlale ungaguquguquki ixesha elongeziweyo.

Izibonelelo zokusebenzisa i-SDI ziquka ukukwazi ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwekhebula kunye neendleko zezixhobo, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi zabakhiqizi, inkxaso ephezulu yesisombululo kunevidiyo edibeneyo kunye nokuphucula ukulinganisa xa kwakhiwa iinkqubo ezinkulu.

I-Digital Video Broadcasting (i-DVB) isekelwe kwimigangatho efanayo ne-Serial Digital Interface kwaye isanda kuphuhlisa imimiselo yayo ukuze ibonelele ngokuhambelana ne-High Definition Television (HDTV).

isishwankathelo

Ujongano lwedijithali lwedijithali (SDI) luhlobo lomgangatho wedijithali wevidiyo osetyenziselwa ukusasaza ividiyo engafihlwanga, engafihlwanga yedijithali kunye nesandi phezu kojongano lweserial phakathi kwezixhobo ezibini.

Inika uluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo ezifana nesantya esiphezulu, i-latency ephantsi, kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Eli nqaku lijolise ekunikeni isishwankathelo somgangatho we-SDI kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Iintlobo ze-SDI

I-Serial Digital Interface (SDI) bubuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa kwi-interface yosasazo lobuchwephesha obunokuthumela umqondiso wedijithali kwifom ye-serial phezu kwentambo ye-coaxial.

Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuthutha idatha ye-audio kunye nevidiyo yenkcazo ephezulu ukusuka kwesinye isixhobo ukuya kwesinye okanye ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwenye kwindawo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo malunga neentlobo ze-SDI kunye neenkcukacha zabo.

I-SDI ibandakanya imigangatho emininzi yeereyithi zedatha ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-latency, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo. Le migangatho ibandakanya:

• I-175Mb / s SD-SDI: Umgangatho wekhonkco enye yokusebenza kunye neefomati ukuya kwi-525i60 NTSC okanye i-625i50 PAL, kwi-48kHz i-audio frequency
• I-270Mb / s HD-SDI: Ikhonkco enye HD umgangatho kwi-480i60, 576i50, 720p50 / 59.94 / 60Hz kunye ne-1080i50 / 59.94 / 60Hz
• I-1.483Gbps 3G-SDI: Umgangatho wekhonkco ophindwe kabini ekusebenzeni kunye neefomathi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1080p30Hz kwi-48 kHz i-audio frequency
• I-2G (okanye i-2.970Gbps): Umgangatho wekhonkco eliphindwe kabini ekusebenzeni ngeefomathi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-720p50 / 60Hz 1080psf30 kwi-48 kHz i-audio frequency
• I-3 Gb (3Gb) okanye i-4K (i-4K Ultra High Definition): Ikhonkco le-Quad 4K ujongano lwedijithali olubonelela ngemiqondiso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4096 × 2160 @ iifreyimu ezingama-60 ngesekhondi kunye kunye ne-16 efakwe kwitshaneli ye-48kHz yomsindo
• I-12 Gbps 12G SDI: Ixhasa isisombululo ukusuka kwi-quad epheleleyo ye-HD (3840 × 2160) ukuya kwiifomathi ze-8K (7680 × 4320) kunye nezigqibo zemifanekiso exubeneyo kwintambo enye kuzo zombini ikhonkco enye kunye neendlela ezimbini * zekhonkco.

Izinto ezilungileyo zeSDI

I-serial digital interface (SDI) yindlela yokuhanjiswa kwesignali yedijithali esetyenziswa kwimveliso yosasazo kunye neendawo zasemva kokuveliswa.

I-SDI luxhulumaniso lomzimba oluluqilima olufuna ukukhowudwa okongeziweyo okanye ukuchazwa kwekhowudi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imijelo yevidiyo ye-bandwidth ephezulu ngokusetyenziswa kweentambo ezifana neentambo ze-BNC ze-coaxial, iintambo ze-fiber optical, kunye nezibini ezijijekileyo.

I-SDI ineengenelo ezininzi ezenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiingcali zosasazo. Ibonelela ngokuhanjiswa kwe-latency ephantsi kunye nokudityaniswa komthungo phakathi kwezixhobo ezininzi zevidiyo.

I-SDI iphinda ixhase ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8 iziteshi kwi-3Gbps, ivumela ukulungiswa kwemifanekiso esemgangathweni kwiimpawu ezininzi.

Ukongeza, i-SDI ixhasa i-High-Definition (i-HD) yomlinganiselo we-16: 9 kwaye yenza i-4: 2: 2 isampuli ye-chroma ukwenzela ukuba iinkcukacha zombala eziphezulu ze-HD zigcinwe.

Ngaphaya koko, i-SDI inokuhanjiswa ngokulula ngothungelwano olusele lukhona ngaphandle kokuphinda kufakwe iintambo okanye uphuculo olubiza imali eninzi okanye iintlobo zofakelo lwenza ukuba lusebenze kakhulu.

Okokugqibela, i-SDI ibonelela ngonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwegama eliyimfihlo xa udibanisa imithombo kubamkeli ususa izoyikiso ezinokuthi zibekho kumaqela esithathu ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi kweendawo ezikude ezingenabantu.

Izinto ezingeloncedo kwi-SDI

Ngelixa unikezela ngevidiyo ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye noqhagamshelo lomsindo, zimbalwa izinto ezingeloncedo kwabo bajonga i-SDI xa bevavanya iimfuno zenkqubo ye-AV.

Okokuqala, iintambo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa iimpawu ze-SDI zinokubiza ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iinkqubo okanye iinketho zentambo yevidiyo ezifana HDMI/DVI.

Eminye imida ibandakanya ukungabikho kwenkxaso phakathi kweemveliso zabathengi, kaninzi ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu lezixhobo ezithobelayo.

Ukongezelela, njengoko uxhulumaniso lwe-SDI luyizixhumi ze-BNC kunye neentambo zefayibha, abaguquli be-adapter bayimfuneko ukuba i-HDMI okanye i-DVI idibansi iyadingeka.

Enye into engalunganga kukuba izixhobo ze-SDI aziqondakali kangako kuneenkqubo zebakala labathengi ezibonelela ngesakhono sofakelo lwedijithali.

Njengoko imiqondiso ye-SDI iqulethe ulwazi lweaudio kunye nevidiyo engaxinzelelwanga, oku kuthetha ukuba naluphi na uhlengahlengiso lomqondiso kufuneka lwenziwe ngolawulo oluzinikeleyo olukwibhodi; ke ngoko ukwenza uhlanganiso lubenzima ngakumbi kunezinye iinkqubo zebakala lobungcali.

Ukusetyenziswa kweesayizi ezinkulu ze-core kwintambo ye-optical nayo iyenza ibe nzima kakhulu kunomlingani wayo webakala labathengi ukongeza ekuboneleleni imida eyongezelelweyo yomgama xa kuthelekiswa nemiqondiso ye-analogue - i-SDI isebenza kakuhle kumgama ophakathi kwe-500m-3000m kunye nelahleko eyenzeka ngaphaya kolu luhlu.

izicelo

Ujongano lwedijithali lwedijithali (SDI) bubuchwepheshe obulungiselelwe ukusasaza iaudio kunye nevidiyo ngokunyaniseka okuphezulu kwimigama emide.

Ihlala isetyenziswa kwizitudiyo zikamabonakude, iisuite zokuhlela, kunye neeveni zosasazo zangaphandle kwaye inokuhambisa imiqondiso yevidiyo yedijithali engaxinzelelwanga ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu.

Eli candelo liza kuxoxa ngezicelo ezahlukeneyo ze-SDI kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo kushishino losasazo.

soSasazo

Ujongano lwedijithali lwedijithali (SDI) bubuchwephesha obudumileyo obusetyenziswa kubuchwephesha bosasazo kuzo zombini iividiyo ze-baseband kunye neempawu zomsindo.

Ixhaswa ngabavelisi abaninzi, ukuvumela ukudibanisa lula kunye nokuthutha umqondiso osebenzayo.

I-SDI yaphuhliswa ukuze ijongane neemfuno zeshishini losasazo, ivumela i-HDTV usasazo kwiintambo ze-coaxial kuneentambo zefiber optic ezixabisa kakhulu.

I-SDI isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-studio ze-studio zomgama omde apho inkcazo eqhelekileyo ye-PAL/NTSC okanye i-high-definition 1080i/720p imiqondiso kufuneka ithunyelwe ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwiintambo eziqhelekileyo ze-coaxial phakathi kwezitudiyo eziqelelene ngeemayile kwaye zenza ukuba abasasazi banciphise iindleko ngokunqanda ufakelo lwefayibha ebiza kakhulu.

Ukongeza, i-SDI inokuxhasa iifomathi ezininzi kunye nokufaka iaudio efuna uqhagamshelo lwentambo enye phakathi kwezixhobo ezibini.

Inkqubela phambili yakutsha nje ibone i-SDI yandisiwe ngaphaya kokusetyenziswa ekusasazeni kwimifanekiso yezonyango, i-endoscopy kunye nokusetyenziswa kwevidiyo yobuchwephesha kwimimandla efana nemveliso, imveliso yasemva kunye nosasazo lwangaphandle (OB).

Ngomgangatho wayo ophakamileyo womfanekiso we-10-bit 6 ukusetyenzwa kwangaphakathi kwamaza iyaqhubeka nokubonwa njengesixhobo esiguquguqukayo sokuguqulela ulwazi olufunekayo ngokufanelekileyo ngabasasazi behlabathi jikelele kunye ne-3Gbps efumanekayo ngoku sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokudlulisa imiqondiso ye-HDTV engaxinzelelwanga kwiiprojekthi zorhwebo njengoko kakuhle.

Ukuxeliswa kwezonyango

I-SDI yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemifanekiso yonyango, ebandakanya ukuhamba kwe-elektroniki kwemifanekiso ebonakalayo.

Itekhnoloji yemifanekiso yezonyango isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo, ukuhlalutya izakhiwo zomzimba kunye namalungu, kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubela phambili yonyango.

I-SDI inceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkcukacha zonyango ezinovakalelo zihamba ngaphaya komgca okhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo ngaphandle kokuthotywa kumgangatho okanye konakaliswe zizoyikiso ze-elektroniki ezingagunyaziswanga.

Uninzi lweenkqubo zokucinga zonyango zisebenzisa iteknoloji ye-SDI kuba ibonelela ngeendlela ezithembekileyo zokuhambisa imifanekiso yedijithali kunye ne-analog.

Ukusetyenziswa kwentambo ye-SDI kunokuphucula umgangatho wokuhanjiswa kwemifanekiso ukusuka kumatshini wokuxilonga ukuya kwindawo yokujonga ecaleni kwebhedi yesigulane okanye ngqo kwiofisi kagqirha wabo ukuze bahlolwe.

Ezi ntambo zikwabonelela ngenzuzo yokwabelana ngedatha yesigulane phakathi kweendawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye kunye nokulibaziseka okuncinci kwixesha losulelo okanye ingozi yorhwaphilizo lwedatha.

Ezinye izicelo ze-SDI kumfanekiso wezonyango ziquka oomatshini bedijithali bemammography, i-CT scans esifubeni, i-MRI scans, kunye noomatshini be-ultrasound phakathi kwabanye.

Inkqubo nganye ifuna iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye namazinga omgca wokuseta kwawo kodwa zonke ziyafuneka ukuba zidlulise imifanekiso yedijithali enesisombululo esiphakamileyo esinokonakala okuncinci kumgama omde ngesantya esiphezulu kunoko kunokwenzeka ngeengcingo zemveli ezifana neentambo zombane ezikoaxial.

amashishini

Kwimeko yoshishino, i-Serial Digital Interface (SDI) iteknoloji eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuhambisa i-digital audio / ividiyo ye-audio enganyanzeliswanga nge-coaxial cable, i-fiber optic cables, okanye i-twisted pair cables.

Ikulungele ukubamba kunye nokudlala kwakhona kweempawu zenkcazo ephezulu ngexesha lokwenyani kunye ne-latency ephantsi. Uqhagamshelo lweSDI luhlala lukhethwa kumaziko ezonyango, ukugubungela imicimbi, iikonsathi zomculo kunye neminyhadala.

I-SDI ifaka ukulinganisa ukusuka kwiifomathi zevidiyo ezisezantsi-bandwidth ezifana neNgcaciso eqhelekileyo (SD) ukuya kwiifomathi zevidiyo ezikwi-high-bandwidth ezifana HD kunye ne-UltraHD 4K isisombululo sevidiyo.

Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya (i-luma) kunye ne-chrominance (i-chroma) ivumela umgangatho ongcono jikelele kunye nokuchaneka kombala.

I-SDI ikwaxhasa iaudio edibeneyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-48kHz/8 amajelo kwifomathi ye-MPEG2 kunye nokuhanjiswa kolwazi lwekhowudi yexesha elifana ne-D-VITC okanye i-LTC efakwe kwidijithali.

Ngenxa yobume bayo obuqinileyo, iSerial Digital Interface isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini osasazo lukamabonakude apho ukuthembeka kungundoqo.

Ithumela idatha engaxinzelelwanga kumazinga ukusuka kwi-270 Mb/s ukuya kwi-3 Gb/s eyenza ukuba abasasazi babeke iliso kwaye thatha ii-engile zekhamera ezininzi ngexesha lokwenyani ngelixa uhambisa imifanekiso yeHDTV ngaphandle kwezinto zakudala okanye pixelization.

Kwizicelo ezininzi zokusasaza ezinje ngokufumana amanqaku aphilayo okanye usasazo lwezemidlalo, amandla omgama owandisiweyo e-SDI avumela ukuhanjiswa komxholo wokujonga izinto ezininzi kwiindawo ezinkulu zangaphandle apho ukubaleka kweentambo ezinde kunokuba yimfuneko.

isiphelo

I-serial digital interface (SDI) ngumgangatho wevidiyo osasazwayo olungiselelwe ukusebenza kwiindawo ezifunwa kakhulu, ngakumbi apho inani elikhulu ledatha kufuneka lihanjiswe kumgama omde.

I-interface inceda iingcali zokusasaza ukuba zifumane, zidlulise, kwaye zigcine idatha yevidiyo kunye nesandi ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo.

Izixhumi ze-SDI zinokusasaza zombini i-analog kunye nemiqondiso yedijithali engaxinzelelwanga, izenza zibe sisixhobo esixabiseke kakhulu kwiinjineli zokusasaza.

Iphezulu inombolo yenguqulo ye-SDI, iphezulu izinga losulelo lwedatha.

Ngokomzekelo, i-4K ye-single-link ye-12G SDI isekela isantya ukuya kwiigigabhithi ezili-12 ngesekhondi ngelixa i-1080p enye-link ye-3G SDI uxhumano isekela i-3 gigabits ngomzuzwana.

Ukwazi iimfuno zesicelo sakho kuya kukunceda wenze isigqibo malunga nesidibanisi se-SDI esifanelekileyo sokuseta kwakho.

Lilonke, itekhnoloji yojongano lwedijithali yedijithali iguqule usasazo lobuchwephesha oluphilayo ngokubonelela ngonikezelo lwemiqondiso ethembekileyo kumgama omde ngamazinga othumelo akhawuleza kakhulu.

Ukusetwa kwayo ngokulula kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuyenza isebenziseke kakhulu ngelixa ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela ukuba isetyenziswe kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ezinjengezitudiyo zikamabonwakude, amabala emidlalo, iinkonzo zonqulo okanye naluphi na olunye ufakelo olufuna umxholo okumgangatho ophezulu wokusasaza oziswa ngombane. isantya ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okanye ukulahleka komqondiso.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.