Ukukhanya Okutholakalayo: Kuyini Ezithombeni Nakuma-Cinematography?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 27, 2022

Ukukhanya Okutholakalayo, okubizwa nangokuthi Isibani se-Ambient, iwumthombo wokukhanya ovamise ukungabi yinkimbinkimbi osevele ukhona esigcawini. Kwenzeka ngokwemvelo elangeni noma endaweni ezungezile futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuthwebula noma ukuthwebula ividiyo ngaphandle kokwenziwa Ukukhanyisa noma izinto zokusebenza. Izithombe ezidalwe ngokukhanya okutholakala kwemvelo ngokuvamile zingakhiqiza ukubukeka okwehlukile ezithombeni ezithathwe ngokusetha izibani zokwenziwa.

Lolu hlobo lomthombo wokukhanya lukhethwa ochwepheshe abaningi abafisa ukufeza ukubukeka kwemvelo emsebenzini wabo futhi bagweme ukuthwala imishini eyengeziwe. Nakuba ukukhanya okutholakalayo ngokuvamile kungase kungabikezeleki kunokukhanyisa kwesitudiyo, lokhu kuntuleka kokubikezela futhi kwengeza ukuzenzekela okuthile kanye nenkululeko yokudala ekuhlanganiseni lapho uthwebula ngakho. Ukwengeza, abathwebuli bezithombe nabathwebuli besinema abathuthukisa ukuqonda kokuthi bangakusebenzisa kanjani ukukhanya okutholakalayo bazobona imiphumela emihle kakhulu naphezu kwezimo eziyinselele.

• Izinzuzo Zokukhanya Okutholakalayo
  • Ikhiqiza ukubukeka kwemvelo
  • Akudingi okokusebenza okwengeziwe
  • Ingeza ukuzenzela kanye nenkululeko yokudala
• Amathiphu Okusebenzisa Ukukhanya Okutholakalayo
  1. Khomba imithombo yokukhanya ekhona.
  2. Qonda ukuthi ukukhanya okukhona kusithinta kanjani isigameko.
  3. Linga ngokuma nokwakheka.
  4. Lungisa yakho izilungiselelo zekhamera njengoba kudingeka.

Kuyini Ukukhanya Okukhona?

Ukukhanya okutholakalayo ibhekisela ekukhanyeni kwemvelo okutholakalayo ukusetshenziswa uma uthatha izithombe futhi uqopha amamuvi. Lolu hlobo lokukhanyisa luvame ukuthandwa abathwebuli bezithombe nabathwebuli bezithombe njengoba lungokwemvelo futhi luvame ukuba namandla. Ukukhanya okutholakalayo nakho kungasetshenziswa ukudala imiphumela ethokozisayo kuye ngezimo ezithile. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhanya okutholakalayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo kokubili izithombe kanye ne-cinematography.

• Photography
• Ukulinganisa

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhanya ezitholakalayo zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu:

1. Ukukhanya kwemvelo - Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu lokukhanya okutholakalayo futhi ngokuvamile lusebenza kahle kakhulu ekudaleni imiphumela emangalisayo. Ukukhanya kwemvelo kungasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlobonhlobo zemizwa ehlukene, kusukela kokuthambile nokothando kuya kokuqinile nokumangalisayo.
2. Isibani sokuzenzela - Ukukhanya okwenziwayo kungasetshenziswa ukwengeza ukukhanya kwemvelo noma ukudala umoya ohluke ngokuphelele. Lolu hlobo lokukhanyisa luvame ukusetshenziswa lapho uthwebula ezimeni ezikhanyayo noma lapho kufunwa umbala othile noma isimo sengqondo.
3. Ukukhanya okuxubile – Ukukhanya okuxubile kuyinhlanganisela yokukhanya kwemvelo nokokwenziwa futhi kungasetshenziswa ukudala umoya oyingqayizivele. Lolu hlobo lokukhanyisa luvame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yesinema njengoba lungakha inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yemibala ehlukene namathoni.

Ukukhanya Kwemvelo

Uma ubheka ukukhanya okutholakalayo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: zemvelo futhi yokufakelwa. Ukukhanya kwemvelo yinoma yikuphi ukukhanya okuphuma elangeni, enyangeni, noma ezinkanyezini. Kuye ngesikhathi sosuku, kanye nezimo zezulu lezi zibani zinamandla ahlukahlukene, imibala, nezikhombisi-ndlela. Kuyindlela yobuciko kancane ukufunda ukuthi ungazijwayeza kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhanya kwemvelo ukuze uthole okuningi kukho ezithombeni zakho noma ukuthwebula kwefilimu.

Ezithombeni nasesinematography ukukhanya okutholakalayo kubhekisela kukho konke okubonakalayo okungezona okokwenziwa imithombo yokukhanya etholakala endaweni yesehlakalo, njengokukhanya kwelanga okuza ngamafasitela noma phansi kusuka phezulu, ukukhanya kwezindonga nezinye izinto kufreyimu, amalambu omgwaqo ebusuku nokunye. Ukukhanya kwemvelo kungenye yezinto zokuqala abathwebuli bezithombe abazicabangelayo lapho becwaninga izindawo okungenzeka bashuthe kuzo kanye nokunquma ukuthi bathwebula kanjani indawo yabo engcono kakhulu.

Kunezindlela ezithile zokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya kwemvelo okuhlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa izinto ezikhanyayo njengezibuko noma izambulela ezisiliva ezingakhuphula ukukhanya kwazo ngokuzibhampa esihlokweni sakho;
• Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqonde ngqo ngokubeka izifundo zakho ngendlela ehlelekile;
• Ukusebenzisa izihlungi zangaphandle ezifana ND (i-neutral density) izihlungi lokho kukusiza ukuthi ulawule ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungena ilensi yakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Isibonelo, uma udinga ukuchayeka isikhathi eside phakathi namahora asemini akhanyayo isihlungi se-ND sizokuvumela ukuthi uthathe lezo zithombe ngaphandle kokuziveza ngokweqile!

Isibani se-Artificial

Isibani sokuzenzela kukhona ukukhanya okungatholakali ngokwemvelo. Ingafika ngezindlela eziningi futhi isetshenziselwe ukufeza izinhloso ezehlukene ekuthwebuleni izithombe nakwi-cinematography. Imithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa ihlanganisa ukukhanyisa kwe-studio, i-flash, izibani ze-LED, ukukhanya kwe-tungsten, ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent, izibani ze-HMI kanye nokusebenza okufana nezibani noma amathayili aphansi.

Izibani zokwenziwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithombeni ezijwayelekile kanye ne-cinematography yilezi ama-tungsten ama-bulbs, amashubhu e-fluorescent, I-HMIs (Hydrargyrum Medium-Arc Iodide), Ama-LED (Ama-Light Emitting Diodes), amayunithi we-flash futhi izibani zokukhanyisa studio. Lezi zibani zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili—imithombo yokukhanya eqhubekayo ezikhipha ukukhanya okungaguquki endaweni isikhathi esithile futhi ukugoqa or izibani ngezikhathi ezithile ekhipha ukukhanya okufushane ngenjongo ethile.

Uma usebenzisa imithombo yokwenziwa yokukhanya yokuthwebula izithombe noma i-cinematography kubalulekile ukunaka ukushisa kombala komthombo, ukuqondisa kokuphuma kokukhanya komthombo kanye umfutho kwenduku. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze imibala ingasebenza ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zemithombo yokukhanyisa yokwenziwa ukuze igweme izindawo ezishisayo noma izithunzi eziqinile ezingase zivele ezithombeni noma kumavidiyo uma zingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Izinzuzo Zokukhanya Okutholakalayo

Ukukhanya Okutholakalayo ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthwebula izithombe kanye ne-cinematography. Isho noma yimuphi umthombo wokukhanya wemvelo endaweni ongasetshenziswa ukukhanyisa isigcawu. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya lunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukunethezeka nokuba ngokoqobo, okwenza kube inketho ekhethwayo kubathwebuli bezithombe abaningi nabathwebuli bezithombe. Ngezansi, sizongena kulezi zinzuzo futhi sihlole ukuthi kungani ukukhanya okutholakalayo kubaluleke kangaka.

• Izinzuzo Zokukhanya Okutholakalayo:
• Lula
• Kubukeka

Kuqiza kahle

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanya okwenziwayo, ukukhanya kwemvelo kuwukukhanya okungabizi kakhulu ongakusebenzisa ekuthwebuleni izithombe nakwi-cinematography. Ukukhanya kwemvelo okutholakalayo akudingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe ezintweni zokusebenza noma izimpahla. Uma uthwebula ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi phakathi nehora elisagolide noma ukuhwalala, kungase kudingeke ukulungisa okuthile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokukhanya osekwenzeka ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya kwemvelo okutholakalayo akudingi izindleko ezengeziwe ekuthengeni izibani ezikhethekile noma izitendi.

Ukwengeza, ukukhanya okutholakalayo kuphinde kuvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile lapho udubula ungaphakathi. Ukukhanyisa indawo yesehlakalo kudinga ugesi omningi futhi kungabiza kakhulu maqondana nezikweletu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nakuba kungase kube nezimo lapho kudingeka khona ukukhanya okwenziwayo, ukwenza izithombe ezinhle ngokukhanya kwemvelo okutholakalayo kungonga kokubili imali nomzamo ekukhiqizeni okubonakalayo okukhangayo ngaphandle kokutshala izindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokusetha izibani zokwenziwa.

• Izinzuzo Zokukhanya Kwemvelo
  • Ayidingi ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe ezintweni zokusebenza noma ezimpahleni.
  • Kungase kudingeke ukulungiswa okuncane ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokukhanya.
  • Ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokweqile uma udubula usendlini.
  • Yonga imali nomzamo ekukhiqizeni okubonakalayo okukhangayo.

Idala Ukubukeka Kwemvelo

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo ezithombeni nasesinematography yikhono layo lokudala ukubukeka kwemvelo. Ngokungafani nezibani zesitudiyo, ezingaphonsa ukukhanya okunamandla okungase kubhekwe njengokwenziwa, ukukhanya okutholakalayo kungalinganisa izimo zokukhanya zemvelo futhi kunikeze ukubukeka okuthambile ababukeli abaningi abakuthole kukhanga kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi inembile ezindaweni ezingaphakathi nangaphandle, izibani ezitholakalayo zisiza abathwebuli bezithombe nabathwebuli bezithombe bathwebula izithombe ezibukeka kahle ezinemibala enembe kakhudlwana. ngokweqiniso empilweni.

Ukukhanya okutholakalayo nakho kuziboleka kahle kumasu okuthwebula izithombe afana namasilhouette noma ukudlala kwethunzi. Ukwazi ukudubula ngaphandle kokusetha ukukhanya kwangaphandle kubeka isigameko kumthwebuli wezithombe noma umthwebuli wezithombe futhi kubanikeza ithuba lokuzama ngemibono ehlukene noma izingoma ukuze bahehe izethameli zabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa izibani zemvelo noma ezikhona kusiza abathwebuli bezithombe namafilimu ukuthi bonge izinsiza ngenkathi besathola izithombe ezinhle. Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuphatha imishini emikhulu noma ukudinga izinsimbi zokukhanyisa zokwenziwa, okungase kudinge abasebenzi abengeziwe, abathwebuli bezithombe namafilimu bangagxila ekuthwebuleni i-engeli abayifunayo ngaphandle kokuba nezithiyo ezengeziwe ezithinta isikhathi sabo sokudubula.

• Izinzuzo Zokukhanya Okutholakalayo
  • Idala ukubukeka kwemvelo
  • Inembe ezindaweni ezingaphakathi nangaphandle
  • Amasu okuthwebula izithombe
• Izinzuzo Zokukhanya Okutholakalayo
  • Ukubukeka okuthambile
  • Imibala enembe kakhulu
  • Linga ngamaphoyinti wokubuka ahlukene
  • Ilondoloza izinsiza

Kulula Ukulawula

Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo ezithombeni nasesinematography kunganikeza uxhaxha lwezinzuzo. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuyilawula uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhanyisa kwe-studio. Ukukhanya kwemvelo kungamiswa kalula, kusabalaliswe, noma kuqondiswe kabusha ukugwema ukuchitheka kokukhanya nokunciphisa umehluko.

Ngokungafani nefilimu yomdabu noma ukuthwebula izithombe kwedijithali, ukukhanya okutholakalayo kungasetshenziswa ngobuciko ukuze kwengeze umoya nomoya. Ukukhanyisa okuvela emithonjeni yemvelo kuvame ukuthamba kunokukhanyisa kwe-studio, okukhiqiza umphumela we-cinematic ngaphezulu. Isiqondiso kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya kungashintshwa ngokusebenzisa ama-scrims or usilika ukulawula isiqondiso, noma ukusebenzisa izibonisi ukugcwalisa ithunzi ngokukhanya okuthambile, okungaqondile.

• Inzuzo yokusebenza ngokukhanya okutholakalayo kusho ukuthi abathwebuli bezithombe nabathwebuli bezithombe bayakwazi ukusebenza ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi sokumisa izibani eziningi endaweni enkulu noma ukubhekana nezintambo zikagesi ezinesisindo.
• Asikho isidingo sezikhathi zokusetha ezandisiwe endaweni noma; umane ulungise izilungiselelo zakho ngokusekelwe kulokho osekuvele kukhona.
• Ukukhanya okutholakalayo futhi kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe lapho uthwebula ngaphandle kwesethingi yesitudiyo.

Izinselele Zokusebenzisa Ukukhanya Okukhona

Ukuthwebula izithombe kusetshenziswa ukukhanya kwemvelo kuphela iyingxenye ebalulekile yezithombe kanye ne-cinematography, ngamasu anjengokuthi ukukhanya okutholakalayo ngokuya ukuduma. Nokho, kunezinselele ezithile umuntu okudingeka azicabangele lapho esebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo, njenge ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sosuku futhi ukubhekana nezimo zezulu. Kulesi sihloko sizobheka ezinye zezinselelo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo kwezithombe kanye ne-cinematography.

1. Ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele sosuku
2. Ukubhekana nezimo zezulu

Kunzima Ukulawula

Uma usebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukulawula nokuphatha ukukhanya, uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa izibani zokwenziwa. Akuzona zonke izindawo ezinezinga lokushisa lombala ofanayo kanye nokuqina, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukuthola ibhalansi enhle phakathi kwezindawo ezichayekile nezingacacile kakhulu zeshothi yakho. Akukhona lokho kuphela, ukukhanya okubonisiwe okuvela kweminye imithombo endaweni kungabangela izithunzi ezingafuneki ezenza kube nzima ukudala isithombe esijabulisayo. Ukwengeza, ungase uzithole usezimweni lapho ukukhanya okutholakalayo kunganele kulokho okudingayo ekudutshulweni kwakho. Kulezi zimo ngeke ukwazi ukulungisa ukusethwa kwezibani njengoba ubungakwenza ngokukhanyisa okwenziwayo, okukushiye nezinketho ezimbalwa.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula zonke lezi zici ezihlukahlukene lapho usebenza nokukhanya okutholakalayo: ukushisa kombala, amazinga okuqina futhi ukukhanya okubonisiwe konke kunomthelela kukhwalithi yesithombe sakho. Ukwengeza, ukuqonda kahle amasu okuchayeka kubalulekile lapho usebenza ngokukhanya okutholakalayo njengomthombo wakho oyinhloko wokukhanya - into engathatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza ukuzenza kahle.

Izinketho ezinomkhawulo

Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo kunezinzuzo eziningi, kodwa futhi kuza nesethi yakhona yezinselelo eziyingqayizivele. Ngezinketho zokukhanyisa ezilinganiselwe, kuthatha iso lokudala ukwenza okuhle kuso sonke isigcawu. Ezinye zezinselelo ezinkulu obhekana nazo ngenkathi usebenza ngokukhanya okutholakalayo zifaka:

• I-engeli/inkomba: I-engeli nesiqondiso somthombo wakho wokukhanya kuwukukhathazeka kokuqala lapho usebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo. Ngokukhanya kwemvelo, awunakho ukulawula okuningi lapho kuvela khona noma ukuthi kuwela kanjani esihlokweni sakho.
• Ukuqina: Kanye nokulungisa i-engeli nesiqondiso, udinga futhi ukucabangela ukuthi ukukhanya kwakho okutholakalayo kuzoba kukhulu noma kukhanye kangakanani esihlokweni sakho. Awukwazi njalo ukulungisa lokhu kalula ngangokunokwenzeka uma usebenzisa izibani zokwenziwa.
• Ukunyakaza Okucatshaziwe: Ukukhanya okutholakalayo kushintsha ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi noma iluphi ushintsho endaweni noma ibanga lungathinta ishothi yakho kakhulu. Ukuhamba ngokushesha kakhulu kungase kubangele izinguquko ekuvezweni noma kushiye izithunzi ezingafuneki ekuqanjweni okuhle ngenye indlela.
• Imikhawulo yesikhathi: Ukusebenza ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuvamile kusho ukusebenza phakathi nesikhathi esilinganiselwe - ukunikeza iwindi elilinganiselwe lokusetha nokuthwebula ngaphambi kokuba ikhwalithi yokukhanya okutholakalayo iqale ukuncipha kakhulu okudala ezinye izinselele ezifana nokuthwebula imibala efiselekayo nemibala noma ukuntuleka kwemininingwane ethile ngenxa yokungabonakali kahle. /amazinga okukhanya avela emithonjeni encane yokukhanyisa/izinketho/.

Akuhlebeki

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezikhohlisayo lapho ukudubula ngokukhanya okutholakalayo ukuthi kungase kungabonakali ngenxa yokuncika kwayo ezintweni zemvelo. Amazinga okuchayeka kanye nekhwalithi yokukhanya okutholakalayo kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa zemvelo, njenge isikhathi sosuku, inkathi, isikhundla esibhakabhakeni, izimo zezulu, kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwesihloko. Uma uthwebula ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngaphandle, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqinile emini kwasemini okuvame kakhulu phakathi nezinsuku ezishisayo kungenza amashothi angaphandle abe nzima futhi kube nzima ukuwalawula. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya olukhona lungakha ithunzi esindayo kanye nezici zobuso ezisontekile njengoba kungenakwenzeka ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo endaweni enkulu kalula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okutholakalayo nakho kubangela ubunzima ekulawuleni ibhalansi emhlophe noma izinga lokushisa lombala. Kuye ngezinto eziseduze nezinga lokushisa noma ibanga lombala elifana namaqabunga aluhlaza akhipha ithoni ye-magenta ngaphandle kokuchayeka noma ukuboniswa emanzini okudala imibala yesibili eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ethinta ibhalansi emhlophe iyonke futhi ekhiqiza imiphumela yesithombe engajwayelekile. Iningi Amakhamera babe nezilungiselelo zebhalansi ezimhlophe ezizenzakalelayo kodwa ngokuvamile azinembile ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokukhanyisa eziyinselele ezifana nezangaphakathi ezingenafasitela ezine okuxutshwe kwamazinga okushisa anemibala lapho izinzwa eziningi zekhamera zivame ukushintsha ukuchayeka ziye ngasekugcineni okufudumele kuyilapho izithombe eziwumphumela zibukeka ziphuzi ngokweqile, kuyilapho zidinga ukulungiswa mathupha kumamenyu ekhamera noma phakathi nesigaba sangemva kokucubungula.

• Isibhakabhaka esiguqubele sikhiqiza ukukhanya okuthambile okungalingani okuvamile ngokwengeza amathoni angathathi hlangothi kodwa athambile kakhulu kuyilapho esebenza njengezibonisi ezizungezile njengoba noma yimuphi umthombo okhanyayo uzophindela emuva kumafreyimu azungezile uma kudingeka.
• Eminye imithombo ewusizo efana nezibani zasemgwaqweni ivumela abathwebuli bezithombe indlela encane kakhulu uma bethwebula ebusuku ngokususa isidingo sokukhanya ngokusebenzisa imithombo yezibani ezimbili ngokushintshana ukuze bathole imiphumela ehamba phambili ngaphandle kokuphazamisa indawo ebazungezile kungaba ngokomzimba noma ngokubonakalayo okuholela emiphumeleni yamaphupho kuphela ngisho nokuchayeka okude ezindaweni eziminyene.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, ukukhanya okutholakalayo yitemu lokuthatha izithombe kanye ne-cinematography lokukhanyisa kwemvelo noma okwenziwayo kokuhlela izigcawu nokushutha. Abathwebuli bezithombe abangochwepheshe, abathwebuli bevidiyo, nabathwebuli bamasinema kufanele bacabangele ukukhanya okutholakalayo endaweni ukuze bahlele kahle izithombe zabo. Amandla okukhanya, isiqondiso sakho kanye nezinga lokushisa lombala konke kudlala ekwakhiweni kwesithombe noma ividiyo. Abathwebuli bezithombe basebenzisa ama-strobes, izibonisi namanye amathuluzi ukuze shintsha ukukhanya okutholakalayo khona ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo. Uma kuhlanganiswe nezinto zokukhanyisa, ukukhanya okutholakalayo kungasetshenziswa ukudala izithombe ezinhle namavidiyo asezingeni lochwepheshe.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.