I-Audio Video Standard (AVS): Iyini futhi Uyisebenzisa Nini?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 5, 2022

I-AVS, noma i-Audio Video Standard, iyindinganiso yobuchwepheshe bomsindo nevidiyo ethuthukiswe i-Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group (AVS-WG) yase-China.

Ihlinzeka ngeplatifomu ehlanganisiwe yezakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa yokuthuthukiswa kwama-algorithms wokubhala amakhodi womsindo nevidiyo.

Izinga liklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe obuthembekile nobusebenzayo bokubhala amakhodi bomsindo nevidiyo obufanele kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula nezigxilile.

Lesi singeniso sizochaza izici zezinga le-AVS futhi sixoxe ngokuthi kungcono nini ukusebenzisa i-AVS ekubhaleni amakhodi okulalelwayo nevidiyo.

Incazelo ye-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) i-ITU (International Telecommunication Union) i-algorithm yokucindezela yomsindo nevidiyo esezingeni elakhiwe yi-China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB). Inhloso ye-AVS ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi lwe-multimedia oluphoqelela ngendlela ephumelelayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhona.

I-AVS isebenzisa ukwakheka kwesihlahla kanye nokubikezela okunxeshezelwa ngokunyakaza futhi iguqule amasu okubhala amakhodi ukuze ihlanganise ngempumelelo ukusakazwa komsindo/ividiyo ngenani eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazinga athuthukile. Isekela izinqumo eziningi ezifika ekulungisweni kwe-UHD 4K/8K, ngokusebenza kahle kwamakhodi okuphakeme kune-H.265/HEVC, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC namanye amakhodekhi athuthukile. Ngekhwalithi ephezulu nokusebenza, i-AVS isibe ubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo obusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zemultimedia.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-AVS zifaka:
• Izinga lebhithi eliphansi eliphumayo elinekhwalithi enhle yesithombe;
• I-scalability ephezulu ehlinzeka ngokuguquguquka kwamadivayisi ahlukene;
• Ukusekela ukubambezeleka okuphansi okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo ngokushesha;
• Ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kokudlala kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene kusetshenziswa amasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene;
• Ukusekelwa kokujula kombala we-10-bit;
• Umkhawulo wama-macroblock wevidiyo angu-8192 uhlaka ngalunye.

Umlando we-AVS

I-AVS iyindinganiso yokuminyanisa ividiyo nomsindo eyakhiwe yi-Audio Video Coding Standard Workgroup yaseChina, noma i-AVS-WG. Yathuthukiswa njengempendulo yamazwe ngamazwe ezidingweni zemboni ezindaweni zokufaka ikhodi yezithombe/zomsindo, kwakha inkundla yokuncintisana kwe-algorithm phakathi kwezikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Izinguqulo ezimbili zokuqala ze-AVS zakhululwa ngo-2006 no-2007 ngokulandelana, kuyilapho i-iteration yesithathu (AVS3) yembulwa ngo-Okthoba 2017. Le nguqulo entsha isebenzisa intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo, okuhlanganisa ukumelela ukujula okuthuthukisiwe, ukuncishiswa kosayizi wamabhulokhi kanye kwandisa ubunkimbinkimbi be-algorithmic ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms wokubala athuthukisiwe.

Selokhu yakhululwa ngo-2017, i-AVS3 ibone ukutholwa okusabalele ngenxa yamakhono ayo okubhala ngekhodi/okukhipha amakhodi okuvumelanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yamukelwe njengengxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ze-Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality ngenxa yezakhiwo zombhalo wekhodi ezihambisanayo ezilungele ukusakaza bukhoma ngama-bitrate aphansi ane-latency encane .

Sekukonke, amakhono e-AVS adale ukuzizwisa okusebenzayo kwe-multimedia okungalungiselelwa ukusekela izimo ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke iya ngokuya isetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ezinjengamaqiniso angokoqobo , okungokoqobo okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona , ukulethwa kokuqukethwe okusakazwayo , izinsizakalo zevidiyo ezifunwayo , amaseva okusakaza aphezulu kanye nezixazululo zemidlalo yamafu phakathi kokunye.

Izinzuzo ze-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) iyindinganiso yedijithali yomsindo nevidiyo evumela ikhwalithi ephezulu, ukucindezelwa okusebenzayo nokudluliswa kwedatha yomsindo nevidiyo ngamanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene. I-AVS isetshenziswa ekusakazeni, ekusakazeni, ekudlaleni, nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ze-multimedia. Lesi sigaba sizofaka zonke izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinga le-AVS.

Ikhwalithi Ethuthukisiwe

Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa izinga le-AVS ikhwalithi yokuminyanisa idatha ethuthukisiwe. Ukuze kuzuzwe le khwalithi, izinga lisebenzisa i-bitrate ephezulu kanye nama-algorithms athuthuke kakhulu kunamakhodekhi avamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imidiya efakwe ikhodi nge-AVS izoba eyekhwalithi ephezulu kunokuqukethwe okufanayo okufakwe ikhodi namanye amakhodekhi.

I-bitrate ephakeme kanye nama-algorithms athuthukisiwe nawo asiza ekunciphiseni ukubhafa kwevidiyo nokungingiza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqina okukhulu kwekhodekhi ye-AVS uma kuziwa ekulahlekeni kwephakethe namaphutha kumanethiwekhi omkhawulokudonsa ophansi. Ukwengeza, lokhu kusebenza kahle okwandisiwe kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwesitoreji okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana, okuvumela ukusebenza okungcono uma usakaza noma ufaka kungobo yomlando amafayela emidiya kumadivayisi anesitoreji esilinganiselwe.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-AVS iphinde inikeze ukwesekwa kombhalo wekhodi we-HDR (High Dynamic Range) okusho ukuthi amavidiyo afakwe ikhodi kusetshenziswa i-AVS angasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-HDR ukuze anikeze ukujula okukhulu, ukugqama nokunemba kombala kumavidiyo aboniswa kudivayisi ekwazi i-HDR njenge-smartphone noma ithebhulethi. ikhompuyutha. Lokhu kusho okubonakalayo okumangalisayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuka okuqukethwe kwe-HD ekhaya noma usakaza amamuvi akho owathandayo usohambweni.

Izindleko zokulondolozwa

Enye yezinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Audio Video Standard (AVS) amandla okonga izindleko, njengoba inikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa imidiya yedijithali. I-AVS ixazulula ukungahambisani phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokucindezela ividiyo nomsindo, obukhawulela amaphrojekthi ahlobene nevidiyo ekubeni aqoshwe amadivaysi agxile kumsindo noma okuphambene nalokho. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenzisa i-AVS kususa isidingo sabahlinzeki bokuqukethwe ukuze bakhe amafayela angawodwana ohlotsheni ngalunye lwedivayisi okuqondiswe kuyo.

Nge-AVS, ifomethi yefayela ecindezelwe eyodwa ingadalwa futhi isetshenziswe ezindaweni eziningi okuqondiwe kuzo ngokulungiswa okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokugunyaza njengoba asikho isidingo sezinguqulo eziningi zedokhumenti efanayo kuzo zonke izinkundla ezihlukene. Leli fayela elilodwa lingaphinda lisetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zemidiya ezihlanganisa imidiya yokusakaza, ukukhiqizwa kwe-DVD esebenzayo, njll., ukunciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nokuguqulwa okwengeziwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho okuqukethwe okusatshalaliswa ngobuchwepheshe bokusakaza kudluliselwa ikhodi futhi ekugcineni kulandwe kumadivayisi omsebenzisi afana nomakhalekhukhwini noma ama-PC, i-AVS iba ngcono kunezindlela zokubhala zamakhodi ezivamile ngokunikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe ephakeme ngamanani aphansi kuyilapho ifinyelela isilinganiso esingcono sokucindezela uma iqhathaniswa ne-MPEG- ejwayelekile. 2 ubuchwepheshe. Izilinganiso zebhithi eziphansi zisiza ngesivinini sokulethwa futhi zizuzisa lapho usabalalisa okuqukethwe ngamanethiwekhi athile afana nezinsizakalo ezisekelwe kwisathelayithi ezinemikhawulo eqinile yomkhawulokudonsa ngenxa yomthamo obizayo we-downlink.

Ukuhambelana

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-AVS yikhono lokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene, okuvumela ividiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye namafayela alalelwayo akhiqiziwe ukuze adlalwe cishe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Leli zinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisana lenza i-AVS ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizweni komsindo nevidiyo okuphrofeshinali, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya.

I-AVS iphinde iqinisekise ukudlalwa okungenazihibe kuwo wonke amadivayisi amaningi anombhalo wekhodi we-bitrate osheshayo ovumela izinhlobo ezihlukene zedivayisi noma osayizi ukuthi basebenzise amafayela anokulungiswa okuphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi. Izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu nomsindo okhiqizwe amamodeli anjalo futhi amelana nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma amagciwane avame ukuhambisana nokuqukethwe okuvela kweminye imithombo. I-AVS ihlanganisa ukubethela okuqinile okuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okudaliwe kuzohlala kuvikelekile, kuvimbele ubugebengu noma okunye ukuhlasela okungase kuthinte idatha yomsebenzisi.

Sebenzisa Amakesi we-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) iyiphrothokholi yokudlulisa imidiya yedijithali eyakhiwe yinhlangano yaseShayina. Isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthumela ukusakazwa komsindo wedijithali nevidiyo ngenethiwekhi futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kumathelevishini edijithali nokunye. audiovisual imishini. Kulesi sigaba, sizobheka izimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izinga levidiyo yomsindo, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi.

Ukusakazwa

Uhlelo lwevidiyo lwe-AVS lwekhodi lunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ekusakazeni, ikakhulukazi zokudlulisa i-TV yesathelayithi yedijithali, i-cable TV kanye nokusakaza komhlaba. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengezinga lekhodi levidiyo elizenzakalelayo lezinsizakalo zesathelayithi yokusakaza eqondile (i-DBS). Iphinde idume ngokusakazwa kwevidiyo yedijithali (i-DVB) nezinhlelo zikamabonakude wekhebula, kanye nezinsizakalo zolayini ababhalisile bedijithali (i-HDDSL) enencazelo ephezulu. Izinga le-AVS lisetshenziselwa ukucindezela okuqukethwe komsindo nevidiyo ngaphambi kokudluliselwa, okukuvumela ukuthi kuthunyelwe kalula ngamanethiwekhi omkhawulokudonsa olinganiselwe njengamashaneli okuxhumana ngesathelayithi noma i-cable TV.

Uhlelo lwe-AVS luvumela abasakazi ukuthi badlulise ulwazi olwengeziwe ngenani elifanayo lesikhala uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazinga afana ne-MPEG-2 noma i-Multimedia Home Platform (MPEG-4). Iphinde inikeze izinzuzo ezengeziwe njengokuncipha kobunzima bombhalo wekhodi, ukusebenza kahle kokuminyanisa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuqina okunamandla okuguquguquka kwebhithi. Lokhu kuyenza ibe inketho ekahle ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zomsakazo nomabonakude ezidinga ukulethwa kwedatha okuphumelelayo kuyilapho zisaletha umuzwa wokubuka wekhwalithi ephezulu kumadivayisi omsebenzisi wokugcina.

Ukusakaza

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokusakaza-bukhoma zingazuza ku-AVS ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okungaguquki kokuqukethwe komsindo nevidiyo, ngomuzwa wekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ongakhona. I-AVS inika amandla abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe ukuthi basakaze izinhlelo ze-TV nezerediyo bukhoma ngesikhathi sangempela nge-inthanethi ngoshintsho olubushelelezi phakathi kokusakaza, okusekela amafomethi okusakaza amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

I-AVS isetshenziselwa ukusakaza amafomethi omsindo nevidiyo afana ne-MP3, FLAC, AAC, OGG, H.264/AAC AVC, MPEG-1/2/4/HEVC nolunye usekelo lwefomethi oludingekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe uhla lwezilimi eziningi neziningi. -fometha izinsiza zemidiya eku-inthanethi ezikrinini ezihlukene.

I-AVS ingaqashwa ukuze kudalwe ukusakaza-bukhoma okuthuthukisiwe ngokulungiswa kwekhwalithi yevidiyo yomuntu siqu kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene. Isekela kokubili ukudluliswa kwefayela lenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa i-HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) noma i-Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DASH) kanye nokudluliselwa kokusakaza kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-MPEG Transport Stream (MPEG TS). Ukusekelwa kobuchwepheshe be-DRM obufana ne-PlayReady, Widevine noma i-Marlin nakho kufakiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AVS ihlinzeka ngezici ezinjengokusekela ukushintsha okungenamthungo phakathi kwama-bitrate aguquguqukayo nezinqumo; izikhathi zokuqala ngokushesha; amakhono athuthukisiwe okubuyisela iphutha; ukuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokuxhuma; ukuhambisana namazinga amaningi emboni yokusakaza okuguquguqukayo afana namafayela anekhodi we-HEVC noma we-VP9; ukwesekwa kokusakaza bukhoma kumanethiwekhi e-IPTV; ukuhambisana ne SDI amakhadi wokuthwebula; ukusekelwa kokusakaza okuningi okuhlanganisa amandla e-IPv6; imethadatha enesikhathi evumelana nezindinganiso ze-ID3 zolwazi lokuhlanganisa ezintweni ezilalelwayo.

Ukubonisana ngevidiyo

Inkomfa ngevidiyo ingesinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-AVS. Umsindo nevidiyo kungadluliselwa phakathi kwezindawo ezikude ezinekhwalithi eseduze ye-HD. I-AVS iyakwazi ukwenza lokhu ngenxa yamakhodi ayo okulungisa amaphutha akhelwe ngaphakathi, asiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsindo nevidiyo yekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela efinyelela kumamukeli. Yingakho i-AVS isiphenduke indinganiso yenkomfa ngevidiyo ezimbonini eziningi namuhla.

I-AVS nayo iyasiza uma kukhulunywa ngokuqina, njengoba ivumela abantu abangaphezu kwababili ukuthi bajoyine ocingweni ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi yomsindo noma yevidiyo. Ukuba khona kwendawo yonke kwe-AVS kwenza ukuvumelanisa amakholi phakathi kwamadivayisi ambalwa kwenzeke futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlanganyeli ngamunye uthola okuhlangenwe nakho okufana ne-HD ngaphandle kokubambezeleka noma ukuphazamiseka okumile.

I-AVS futhi isekela iphrothokholi yokubethela eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ebethela zonke izikhathi kusetshenziswa izimiso eziyisisekelo ezivikelekile ze-inthanethi (SSL). Lokhu kusho ukuthi yonke idatha eyabiwe phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ihlala iyimfihlo futhi ayikwazi ukufinyelelwa yinoma ubani ngaphandle kwalabo abamenywe ukuthi bajoyine ocingweni. Lesi sendlalelo esingeziwe sokuvikela senza i-AVS ibe inketho ekahle yamathimba adinga ukudlulisa ulwazi olubucayi phakathi namaseshini awo.

Amazinga we-AVS

I-Audio Video Standard (AVS) iyindinganiso yokubhala ikhodi yomsindo nokubukwayo esetshenziswa ekudluliselweni komsindo nevidiyo yedijithali. Ithuthukiswe futhi ifanekiselwe i-Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group yaseShayina futhi yaqala ukukhishwa ngo-2006. Izindinganiso ze-AVS zisiza ukunikeza ukuhambisana phakathi kwamazinga ekufakweni kwekhodi yevidiyo nokuqopha, kanye nekhwalithi yevidiyo ethuthukisiwe, ukuvikeleka, kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhawulokudonsa. Lesi sigaba sizoxoxa ngamazinga we-AVS ngokuningiliziwe kanye nezimo lapho sisetshenziswa khona.

I-AVS-P

I-AVS-P (I-Audio Video Standard Preservation) ingenye yezinguqulo zakamuva zezinga le-AVS elakhelwe ukusiza ekulondolozweni kwesikhathi eside kwezithombe ezihambayo, okuhlanganisa ithelevishini nefilimu. Leli zinga lihloselwe ukuhlinzeka abasakazi nezinye izinhlangano ngefomethi efinyeleleka kalula, evikelekile yokuthutha okuqukethwe okulalelwayo/kwevidiyo.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kwe-AVS-P kusekelwe ezingeni le-International Standardization Organisation's (ISO) MPEG-2. Ihlinzeka ngezici ezithuthukisiwe njengekhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe ngenxa yokwenyuka kwama-bitrate, ukuhlanganiswa namazinga okusakaza akhona okwenza ukusetshenziswa kuzo zombili izinkundla zokulethwa kwendabuko nedijithali, ama-algorithms okucindezela athuthukisiwe anciphisa ama-bitrate ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okubonakalayo kukhwalithi yevidiyo noma yomsindo, futhi inika amandla ukufinyelela. kuzinguqulo eziningi zezinhlelo. Zonke lezi zici zenza i-AVS-P ibe yisinqumo esihle uma kuziwa ekunikezeni izixazululo zesikhathi eside zokulondolozwa kokuqukethwe okulalelwayo/okubonwayo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-AVS-P buqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwevidiyo kwekhwalithi ephezulu ngokuhamba amabanga amade futhi kungasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi zokusakaza lapho ukuhlanekezela kwesignali kuyinkinga noma lapho abasebenzisi bedinga indawo evikelekile ukuze kuhlaliswe okuqukethwe kwabo. Uhlelo lwe-AVS-P lusebenzisa ama-codec amabili — i-codec yevidiyo H.264/MPEG 4 Ingxenye 10 Ikhodi Yevidiyo Ethuthukisiwe (AVC), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-HVC, esekela kokubili ukulungiswa kwe-HD ne-4K; kanye nekhodekhi yomsindo i-Dolby AC3 Plus (EAC3) esekela iziteshi ezifika kweziyisi-8. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalawa makhodekhi amabili kunikeza i-AVS-P izinzuzo ezinkulu ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ze-analog zefa uma kuziwa ekulondolozeni ukwethembeka okuphezulu komsindo/okubukwayo okuqukethwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-AVS-M

I-AVS-M (I-Audio Video Standard—Multimedia) iyindinganiso esungulwe i-AVS Working Group ye-China National Video and Audio Coding Standard Coordination Group. Leli zinga lihlinzeka ngenkundla ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa nokulethwa kwe-multimedia, okuhlanganisa isithombe, ihluzo ze-3D, ukugqwayiza nomsindo.

I-AVS-M igxile ezinhlelweni ezifana nokusakaza kukamabonakude wedijithali nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ukuze kunikezwe amandla ukukhiqizwa kokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko. Kuhlanganisa izinqubo zokudlulisa, izidingo zokufaka amakhodi kwedatha, izimiso zesakhiwo sesistimu nokunye.

Izici ezibalulekile zezinga le-AVS-M zifaka:
- Ukubhalwa ngekhodi kwevidiyo ye-multimedia esheshayo esekela amanani ebhithi yevidiyo kusuka ku-2kbps–20Mbps
- Ihambisana kakhulu namanye amazinga afana ne-H264/AVC kanye ne-MPEG4 Ingxenye 10/2 ukuze usebenze kangcono (ukusebenzelana)
- Ukusekelwa kokufakwa kwekhodi kwamafomethi emidiya amane ahlukene: okulalelwayo, umbhalo, izithombe nokugqwayiza
- Ukusekelwa kwehluzo ze-3D
- Izici zokubonisa esikrinini (OSD) ukuze abasebenzisi bakwazi ukulungisa izilungiselelo ngokuqondile ezikrinini zabo zokubonisa idivayisi
- Isici sombhalo we-JPEG2000 esisekela izithombe zokucaca okuphezulu
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusakaza zedijithali e-China ngenkathi isetshenziswa kwezinye izimakethe zomhlaba wonke njenge-Japan ne-Europe. Ukwengeza, iye yamukelwa ezinye izinhlelo zokuxhumana zaseShayina ezihlanganisa ne-CCTV.

I-AVS-C

I-AVS-C iyi-Audio Video Standard, noma i-AVS, eyakhiwe yi-Audio and Video Coding Standard Working Group (AVS WG) ye-China Video Industry Association (CVIA). I-AVS-C isuselwe ku-H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, futhi yakhelwe ukunika amandla ukusakazwa kwevidiyo yedijithali yase-China ngekhwalithi yokubukwayo ephezulu kuyilapho ihlangabezana namazinga omhlaba.

I-AVS-C inikeza abenzi befilimu izinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwamazinga okufaka amakhodi wevidiyo e-MPEG akhona njenge-MPEG-2 ne-MPEG-4. Ivumela izinsiza zevidiyo eziningi ukuthi zidluliselwe kumkhawulokudonsa wesiteshi esisodwa, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo kweziteshi zokusakaza. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isebenzisa ama-algorithms wokucindezela okuphezulu ukunciphisa isidingo se-bit rate ngobuchwepheshe be-HDTV njenge-blu-ray, futhi kusiza kakhulu ukwehlisa izindleko ezivela kubakhiqizi.

I-AVS-C isekela izici eziningi ezingatholakali kwamanye amazinga okuhlanganisa i-high frequency bandwidths kufika ku-10MHz okwenza ifaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-HD; imodi yokubambezeleka ephansi; isilinganiso sefreyimu kufika kumafreyimu angu-120 ngomzuzwana; amafomethi ombala athuthukile; amafomethi amakhodi omsindo afana ne-AAC, MP3 ne-PCM; ukusekela okuguquguqukayo kwe-bitrate ukuze kuhanjiswe kalula ukusakaza kungakhathaliseki izimo zenethiwekhi; ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwezingqimba ezihlukene zolwazi olunyakazayo nezici zesithombe; amasu okubhala amakhodi wevidiyo we-latency ephansi; ukulungiswa kwephutha okuthuthukisiwe; ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yesithombe kusetshenziswa amafreyimu ereferensi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamamodeli werobhothi wangempela.

Amacala okusetshenziswa kwe-AVS-C ayahlukahluka njengoba angasetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo eziningi ezihlanganisa ukusakaza kwedijithali, ukusakaza nge-inthanethi izinkundla zokusabalalisa okuqukethwe kwemidiya, amasevisi e-TVOnline amapulatifomu eselula, izinhlelo zezicelo zemfundo ezifunwayo (POD), izinsizakalo ze-IPTV ezisebenzayo, izinhlelo ze-Cable TV kanye abanye.

Isiphetho

Izinga le-AVS libalulekile ukuze ochwepheshe bomsindo nevidiyo bahlale bekhumbula lapho bekhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthwebula nokusakaza okuqukethwe kwabo. Njengoba udumo lwayo luqhubeka nokwanda, ukwazi ukuthi leli zinga lisetshenziswa nini futhi kanjani kubalulekile kunoma yimuphi umthengi, ibhizinisi, noma umhlinzeki wesevisi ofuna ukuthola okuningi kulwazi lwakhe lwemidiya. Kulesi sihloko, sihlole okuhle nokubi kwe-AVS, kanye namacala okusetshenziswa kwayo. Isiphetho sicacile—i-AVS iyindinganiso ebalulekile futhi enamandla engasetshenziswa ngempumelelo.

Isifinyezo se-AVS

I-AVS imele i-Audio Video Standard futhi iyikhodekhi yevidiyo edalwe e-China yiQembu Lokusebenza Elijwayelekile Lomsindo Wekhodi Yomsindo. Leli zinga lakhiwe ngeminikelo eminingi evela emanyuvesi amaningi ezemfundo aseShayina, izikhungo zocwaningo, kanye nezinkampani zama-chip zamavidiyo zaseChina. Yethulwa ngo-Agasti 2005, futhi kusukela lapho seyakhelwe ukufanela uhlelo lokusakaza kumabonakude wedijithali olunencazelo ephezulu e-China.

I-AVS ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obufana ne-Multi-Picture Frame Resource Partitioning (MFRP), Advanced Intra Coding (AIC), Advanced Inter Prediction (AIP), Adaptive Loop Filter (ALF), Deblocking Filter (DF) kanye ne-10 bit 4:2:2 i-colorspace yokuhlinzeka ngamakhono okufaka amakhodi abanzi ahloselwe ukuhlangabezana eduze nezidingo zamanethiwekhi okulethwa kokuqukethwe kwe-HDTV. Iphinde inikeze amandla athuthukisiwe okulawula izinga afana nokwenza kahle kokuhlanekezela, ukwabiwa kwebhithi eguquguqukayo kokuqukethwe, indlela yesinqumo semodi yokweqa i-macroblock esekelwe kumongo, phakathi kokunye.

Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni izinsizakalo ze-HBBTV ngaphakathi kwe-China, i-AVS ingaphinda inikeze ikhwalithi yesithombe ephakeme kunamanye amazinga omhlaba uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza zombhalo wekhodi we-bitrate ezingaguquki ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokusakaza emhlabeni wonke namuhla. Ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu lapho usebenza nezigcawu ezinyakazayo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi iphumela ekusebenzeni okuthuthuke kakhulu kokucindezela uma kuhlanganiswe nawo wonke uchungechunge lwamathuluzi okufaka amakhodi aqinile okuhlanganisa izindlela ezintsha zokubikezela uhlaka kanye namasu okuguqula.

Ngakho-ke, i-AVS iyifomethi ekahle yokufaka ikhodi yokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia kuzinqumo ze-HD ezifana ne-720p noma 1080i/1080p kuyilapho igcina izidingo zomkhawulokudonsa zinqunyelwe ngokufinyelela amanani amahle okucindezela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi yokubuka noma amanye amazinga omsindo afana ne-Dolby Digital Plus noma i-AAC/HE-AACv1/ amafomethi wekhodi ye-v2 yomsindo.

Izinzuzo ze-AVS

Ukusebenzisa i-AVS kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi eziyenza ithandeke ezinhlotsheni zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, izici ze-AVS ukucindezela okungenakulahlekelwa, okusho ukuthi ikhwalithi yevidiyo/umsindo wokuqala igcinwa kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke ekudaleni ividiyo/umsindo wezinga lochwepheshe ngokuhambisana nalokho ongalindela ukukubona kumatiyetha amamuvi noma umabonakude osakazwayo. Ukwengeza, i-AVS iphinde inikeze izikhathi ezisebenzayo zokufaka amakhodi nezikhathi zokubhala, kanye nokusakaza okuphansi kwe-latency okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusheshayo phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yemvelo engeyona eyobunikazi, i-AVS ingasetshenziswa nemikhiqizo evela kunoma iyiphi inombolo yabakhiqizi—ngakho ukuhambisana ngeke kube yinkinga. Okokugcina, njengoba i-AVS isekelwe kuzinga le-H.264 (elifanayo elisetshenziselwa amadiski e-Blu-Ray), noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwakhe kuzohlala kusezingeni eliphezulu iminyaka ezayo.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.