Izinkinobho Zomyalo: Ziyini Ku-Computing & Indlela Yokuzisebenzisa

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 6, 2022

Izinkinobho zomyalo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo eziningi zekhompyutha nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Banikeza indlela esheshayo nelula yokwenza imiyalo, ngokuchofoza okukodwa nje.

Izinkinobho zomyalo ngokuvamile zingatholakala njengengxenye yokusetshenziswa kubonwa, kungaba kumenyu ezinikele noma njengengxenye yebha yamathuluzi.

Ngokuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko, sizohamba phezu kwezisekelo zezinkinobho zomyalo futhi sinikeze izibonelo ezimbalwa zokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.

Incazelo yezinkinobho zomyalo

Izinkinobho zomyalo ziwuhlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo esisetshenziswa kuhlelo lwekhompuyutha namawebhusayithi. Zimelelwa ngokubonakalayo yizimpawu noma amagama futhi zisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa isenzo noma umyalo ongathathwa umsebenzisi. Izinkinobho zomyalo zivame ukuvezwa njengamabhokisi angunxande noma imibuthano equkethe umbhalo womyalo. Isithombe nombhalo ongaphakathi kwenkinobho ngokuvamile kuzoshintsha umbala lapho umyalo uhanjiswa phezulu noma ucindezelwa, okubonisa ukuthi ucushiwe.

Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi basebenzisana nezinkinobho zomyalo ngokuzicindezela ngekhesa yegundane noma ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhombayo njenge-trackpad. Uma ichofozwa, inkinobho yenza isenzo esisethwe umhleli wayo njengokuphrinta, londoloza, buyela emuva noma phuma.

Izinkinobho zomyalo zingase futhi zihlotshaniswe nezinhlobo ezithile zesofthiwe njengezinhlelo zokuhlela amavidiyo lapho imiyalo efana nokudlala, ukumisa isikhashana nokuhlehlisa ihambisana nemisebenzi evamile. Ukwazi ukusebenzisa kahle izinkinobho zomyalo kubalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yekhompuyutha ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ukusetshenziswa kwazo ukuze ukwandise ukukhiqiza kwakho ngamakhompyutha.

Izinhlobo zezinkinobho zomyalo

Izinkinobho zomyalo zingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kubonwa (i-GUI) kukhompyutha. Zenzelwe ukunikeza abasebenzisi indlela elula yokuqalisa isenzo esithile lapho bechofa. Izinkinobho zomyalo zingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene njengokushintsha izilungiselelo, ukwenza uhlelo, noma ukuvula ifayela. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinobho zomyalo, ukubukeka kwazo, nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.

Izinkinobho Zokucindezela

Inkinobho yokucindezela uhlobo lwenkinobho yomyalo ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukwenza isenzo. Ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inkinobho" futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili; isisekelo esimile kanye nenkinobho yangempela phezulu engaphushelwa phezulu noma phansi ukuze ikhiphe umyalo. Izinkinobho zokucindezela zivame ukusetshenziswa njengamaswishi, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bavule noma bavale amadivayisi, bavule izinhlelo, bazulazule kumamenyu nezixhumanisi zewebhusayithi, futhi benze ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza noma izinhlelo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinkinobho zokucindezela - okwesikhashana kanye nokuguqula - ezichaza ukuthi inkinobho iphendula kanjani uma icindezelwe. Izinkinobho zokucindezela kwesikhashana zimane zisetshenziselwe ukuqala umcimbi njengokuvula uhlelo oluthile noma uhlelo lokusebenza; uma umsebenzisi ekhipha inkinobho, asikho esinye isenzo esizokwenzeka. Ukuguqula izinkinobho ezicindezelayo zihlala zisebenza kuze kube yilapho zicushwa futhi ukuze zenze kungasebenzi; lolu hlobo lokushintsha luvame ukutholakala kumakhonsoli egeyimu yevidiyo, okulawula imisebenzi yegeyimu efana nezilungiselelo zesivinini noma amazinga evolumu.

Ngokwamagama ekhompuyutha, izinkinobho eziningi zokusunduza ziqukethe isici esiyingcaca njengesithonjana esimelela ngokubonakalayo umsebenzi esiwenza lapho senziwe sisebenze ngokucindezela inkinobho phansi. Isibonelo, isithonjana singase sibonise ukuchofoza kuzokuyisa phambili isinyathelo esisodwa phakathi kwenqubo noma ukulungiselelwa kwemenyu (umcibisholo oya phambili), kuyilapho esinye singahlehlisa imisebenzi yakho yamanje (umcibisholo wangemuva).

Izinkinobho Zomsakazo

Izinkinobho zomsakazo ziyizingxenye zokusebenzelana komsebenzisi ezisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imibono evela kumsebenzisi. Ibuye ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "Inkinobho Yokukhetha." Lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe ohlwini lwezinketho. Isibonelo, zingase zikwenze ukwazi ukukhetha phakathi kwesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yangoMsombuluko kanye nesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yangoLwesibili. Uma zichofozwa, “ziyasakazwa” noma zenziwe zisebenze.

Uma inkinobho yomsakazo engaphezu kweyodwa itholakala eqenjini elithile, ukukhetha eyodwa yazo kubangela ukuthi abanye abakulelo qembu bayeke ukukhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo; ngale ndlela, inkinobho yomsakazo eyodwa kuphela kulelo qembu engakhethwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Lokhu kuphoqa umsebenzisi ukuthi enze ukukhetha okusobala futhi kumvimbela ekungakhethini noma iyiphi into (okuyinto ngokuvamile engathandeki).

Ukubukeka kwezinkinobho zomsakazo kuncike ohlelweni lokusebenza; ngokuvamile bazoba nemibuthano emincane engagcwaliswa ngechashazi, umaka noma isiphambano lapho isebenza noma ingenalutho lapho ingasebenzi noma inganqunyiwe. Inothi elibalulekile: Izinkinobho zomsakazo kufanele zihlale zihlanganisa okungenani izinto ezimbili ezihlukene ukuze uzikhethe. Uma kunento eyodwa kuphela ongayikhetha, kufanele ivele njengebhokisi lokuhlola esikhundleni senkinobho yomsakazo.

Hlola Amabhokisi

Amabhokisi omaka angenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezihlukene zezinkinobho zomyalo ezingasetshenziswa kusixhumanisi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Lezi zinkinobho, ezinesimo esingunxande, zivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi abonise ukukhetha okukodwa noma ngaphezulu ohlwini lwezinketho. Amabhokisi okuhlola ahlanganisa ibhokisi elingenalutho elinelebula elichaza inketho elimele, futhi lapho achofozwa umsebenzisi, ibhokisi ligcwaliswa noma "lithikhiwe" ukuze kuqinisekiswe inketho ekhethiwe. Uma kungahloliwe noma kusuliwe, ukukhetha kuyachithwa.

Chofoza ukuziphatha kwamabhokisi okuhlola kungahluka kuye ngokuthi akhethwe kanye noma akhethwe kaningi. Ibhokisi lokuhlola elikhethwe kanye lizosusa ukumaka ngokuzenzakalelayo noma yikuphi okunye okokufaka okukhethiwe lapho lokho kukhetha kwenziwa - livumela into eyodwa kuphela ukuthi ikhethwe ngesikhathi - kuyilapho amabhokisi okuhlola okukhethiwe okuningi evumela ukukhetha okuningi phakathi kwesethi futhi ngokuvamile adinga isenzo sokungakhethi esicacile umsebenzisi.

Lezi zinkinobho zomyalo zivame ukutholakala kumabhokisi ezingxoxo namamenyu ezilungiselelo, lapho abasebenzisi kufanele benze ukukhetha ohlwini ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nesenzo. Okukhethiwe okuwumphumela kuvame ukunquma ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luyiphendula kanjani imiyalo nokokufaka kwedatha kusukela kulelo phuzu kuye phambili.

Ungazisebenzisa Kanjani Izinkinobho Zomyalo

Izinkinobho zomyalo zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zekhompuyutha ukwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi ukuthi baxhumane nesoftware. Ngokuvamile zivela njengezinkinobho ezinombhalo kuzo futhi zenziwa zisebenze uma umsebenzisi ezichofoza noma ezithepha. Izinkinobho zomyalo ziyindlela enhle yokwenza izinhlelo zisebenziseke kalula futhi zingasiza ukusheshisa izinqubo. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizoxoxa ngendlela yokusebenzisa izinkinobho zomyalo kanye nezinzuzo zokuzisebenzisa.

Izinkinobho Zokucindezela

Izinkinobho zomyalo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinkinobho zokucindezela, ziyizilawuli umsebenzisi angazichofoza ukuze abonise ukukhetha kwakhe. Izinkinobho zomyalo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamafomu namabhokisi ezingxoxo ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ashuthe idatha yokufaka, avale ibhokisi lengxoxo noma enze isenzo.

Izinkinobho zomyalo eziningi zisetshenziselwa ukuqalisa isenzo esifana nokwengeza okufakiwe okusha noma ukususa okukodwa. Nokho, angasetshenziswa nanoma yisiphi isenzo esidinga umsebenzisi ukuthi anikeze imvume - ngokuchofoza inkinobho noma esinye isilawuli esifana nento yemenyu. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwezinkinobho zomyalo kufaka phakathi ukulawula ukugqwayiza (okufana nomcibisholo ocwayizayo) ukuze uthwebule ukunaka nokuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi afake amafomu amancane noma izinkambu ngaphakathi kwefomu elikhona kakade (lokhu kuyasiza ekufakeni izinhlobo eziningi zolwazi lapho udala into) . Ukwenza kube lula kumsebenzisi, izinkinobho zomyalo zinganikeza izeluleko eziwusizo zokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.

Lapho uklama i-graphical user interface (GUI) yohlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwekhompuyutha, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imilayezo esebenzayo yombhalo nesithombe kunkinobho ngayinye yomyalo ukuze abasebenzisi bokugcina baqonde ngokuthembekile ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma beyicindezela. Khumbula futhi ukuthi kufanele ubeke umkhawulo noma ulinganisele inani lezinkinobho zomyalo ekhasini ngalinye ukuze kungabi ukukhetha okuningi okweqa abasebenzisi bakho. Kuyasiza futhi uma uwaklama ngosayizi nokuma okungaguquki ukuze ugcine ukujwayeleka kuwo wonke amakhasi nezinhlelo zokusebenza; lokhu kwenza ukuzulazula phakathi kwezikrini kube lula kakhulu kubasebenzisi bakho.

Izinkinobho Zomsakazo

Izinkinobho zomsakazo ziyizinkinobho zomyalo kukhompyutha ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ukukhetha okukodwa ohlwini lwezinketho ezichazwe ngaphambilini. Ukuze usebenzise izinkinobho zomsakazo, umsebenzisi udinga kuphela ukuchofoza inketho ezogqanyiswa noma, amanye amasistimu futhi "angamaka" kuyo. Izinkinobho zomsakazo zingavumela ukukhetha okukodwa kuphela nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa kumafomu noma kuhlu lwemibuzo.

Zivamise ukubekwa ndawonye eqenjini ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhetha okukodwa phakathi kwazo zonke izinketho. Uma ukhetha inketho eqenjini, bese liyeka ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi eyake yahlolwa ngaphambilini bese lihlola ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhetha okusha esikhundleni salokho—yilokho igama elithi: inkinobho yomsakazo. Lokhu kungaba wusizo ekuphenduleni imibuzo ngamafomu lapho 'ingekho kulokhu okungenhla' kungeyona impendulo eyamukelekile; awufuni ukuthi othile ashiye ngephutha noma yiziphi izinyathelo zingenalutho!

Ukuze unikeze ukusebenziseka okungcono, “inkinobho” ngayinye kufanele ikhombise ngokucacile ukuthi isho ukuthini noma imele ini (lokhu kungaba isithonjana noma umbhalo) ukuze abasebenzisi baqonde ukukhetha kwabo nokuthi basebenza kanjani. Nokho, uma lokhu kungenasidingo, inkinobho eyodwa yokuhambisa nayo ingasetshenziswa uma zingekho ezinye izimpendulo ezihlukile phakathi kwezinketho zakho.

Hlola Amabhokisi

Amabhokisi okuhlola angezinye zezinkinobho zomyalo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala kukhompyutha, ahlinzeka ngendawo lapho umuntu angabonisa uhlobo oluthile lwesivumelwano noma ukukhetha. Ukuze wenze lezi zinkinobho zomyalo zisebenze, abasebenzisi ngokuvamile bazochofoza ibhokisi ukuze bengeze uphawu lokuhlola, oluzobonisa ukuthi ibhokisi likhethiwe. Ngokunye, amabhokisi angakhethiwe angase avele njengezikwele ezingenalutho ezingenalutho.

Kuye ngohlelo olusetshenziswayo, abasebenzisi bangaphinda bachofoze futhi babambe inkinobho yabo yegundane ukuze badonse amabhokisi okuhlola amaningi njengesenzo esisodwa. Isibonelo, amasistimu amaningi oku-oda aku-inthanethi asebenzisa amabhokisi okuhlola ukuze akhethe ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezifunwayo bese zonke lezo zinto zifakwa nge-oda elilodwa ngaphandle kokudinga ukubheka into ngayinye yohlu ngazinye. Le nketho ivame ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye ngaphansi kwegama elithi "khetha konke".

Izibonelo Zezinkinobho Zomyalo

Izinkinobho zomyalo ziyisici sokusebenzelana komsebenzisi esiyisithombe esivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlanganyele nohlelo. Ngokuvamile zitholakala emabhokisini ezingxoxo zabasebenzisi, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezinkinobho zomyalo zithi KULUNGILE, Khansela, kanye Nosizo. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ezinye zezibonelo ezivame kakhulu zezinkinobho zomyalo nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.

Izinkinobho Zokucindezela

Izinkinobho zokucindezela izingcezu ezibonakalayo zehadiwe ezisetshenziselwa ukulawula nokusebenzelana nezisetshenziswa zikagesi. Abizwa ngama-push buttons ngoba ayasebenza uma uwacindezela. Izinkinobho zokucindezela zivame ukutholakala kumakhonsoli egeyimu, ama-microwave, nezinye izinto zikagesi, kodwa ngokuvamile ahlotshaniswa namakhompyutha ngenxa yokuduma kwawo ohlelweni olusebenzayo kanye nezindawo zokusebenzelana zabasebenzisi.

Izinkinobho zomyalo zikhona njengengxenye yezinto zokusebenzelana komsebenzisi ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlanganyele nedivayisi yabo yekhompyutha. Ngokuvamile zinikeza ukufinyelela emiyalweni yemenyu noma izilungiselelo (njengezilungiselelo zekhadi lomsindo). Izinkinobho zomyalo zingavela ngosayizi abahlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka okuhlanganisa amabhokisi angama-rectangular azungezwe umngcele, imibuthano noma izikwele ezinamalebula ombhalo noma izithonjana ngaphakathi kwazo. Umsebenzisi usebenzisana nenkinobho yomyalo ngokuyicindezela noma ngokuyichofoza ngekhesa (ngokuvamile ngenkinobho yegundane engakwesokunxele).

Uma ucindezela inkinobho yomyalo, izenzo ezithile zingase zibe nomphumela njengokuvula amamenyu okudonsela phansi (amamenyu okudonsela phansi), ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukubonisa amabhokisi ezingxoxo amapharamitha okumisa noma ukwenza imisebenzi kusixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi esiyigraphical (GUI). Isibonelo, ukucindezela inkinobho yomyalo ethi "KULUNGILE" kungase kuvale iwindi lengxoxo evulekile kuyilapho ucindezela inkinobho yomyalo ethi "Khansela" kungase kusethe kabusha noma yimaphi amapharamitha ashintshile abe amanani awo angempela ngaphambi kokuvala iwindi elifanayo.

Izinkinobho Zomsakazo

Izinkinobho zomsakazo izinkinobho zomyalo ezivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe amanani amabili noma ngaphezulu anqunywe kusengaphambili. Isibonelo sezinkinobho zomsakazo ukukhetha ubulili, lapho inketho eyodwa kuphela engakhethwa ngesikhathi (owesilisa noma owesifazane). Esinye isibonelo inketho "yosayizi" esitolo se-inthanethi - ungakhetha usayizi owodwa osebenza kuzo zonke izinto.

Isici esihlukanisayo sezinkinobho zomsakazo ukuthi zihlukene ngokuhlanganyela: uma ukhetha ukukhetha okukodwa, ezinye ziba ngokungakhethiwe. Lokhu kwehluka emabhokisini okuhlola, avumela ukukhetha okuningi futhi angabi naso isimo "esikhethekile". Ngenxa yesimo sazo esikhethekile kanye nefomu elinembile, izici zenkinobho yomsakazo zingadlulisa ngempumelelo izithiyo zefomu kanye nokukhetha okulula kokusetshenziswa kubonwa kumsebenzisi wewebhu.

Nokho, izinkinobho zomsakazo kufanele zisetshenziswe kuphela uma kunezinketho ezimbalwa; uma kunenani elikhulu lezinketho kuba nzima kumsebenzisi ukuskena kuzo zonke - isibonelo, ukukhetha idolobha kumakhulu amadolobha okwethulwa njengezinkinobho zezinkinobho zomsakazo kungaba yisicefe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele kusetshenziswe amamenyu okwehliswayo noma amabhokisi okusesha.

Hlola Amabhokisi

Amabhokisi omaka ayizinkinobho zomyalo ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe inketho eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ohlwini. Ukukhetha inketho kufinyelelwa ngokuchofoza ibhokisi lesikwele elisetshenziselwa ukumaka inketho. Lokhu kukhetha kungashintshwa ngokuchofoza ibhokisi lesikwele futhi ukuze uyekise ukukhetha inketho. Amabhokisi okuhlola anokusetshenziswa okuningi, njengakumafomu aku-inthanethi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhethe izinketho ezithile mayelana nezintandokazi nolwazi lomuntu siqu, kanye namawebhusayithi okuthenga abonisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bemikhiqizo bangakwazi ukungeza ohlwini lwabo lokuthenga.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamabhokisi okuhlola okokuphatha imisebenzi, njengoba kutholakala ezinkundleni zokuphatha amaphrojekthi ezisebenzisanayo ezinikeza amabhokisi okuhlola emisebenzi ehambisana nephrojekthi ngayinye nohlu lwemisebenzi. Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwenkundla zifaka phakathi uhlu lwe-Microsoft Lokufanele Ukwenze kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo semenenja yephrojekthi esisekelwe ebhodini ye-Trello.

Izinkinobho zomsakazo ziyefana ngesakhiwo nenjongo yokuhlola amabhokisi ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa izinkinobho zomsakazo zingaqukatha kuphela izinketho ezimbili ezingaba khona kunohlu lwezinketho ezilungisekayo njengalezo ezibonwa ngamabhokisi okuhlola.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, izinkinobho zomyalo ziyithuluzi eliyigugu futhi elivame ukusetshenziswa kancane emhlabeni wekhompyutha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziselwa imisebenzi elula efana nokukopisha nokunamathisela noma izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokusebenzisa uhlelo, lezi zinkinobho zingonga isikhathi, amandla, nomzamo lapho uqedela noma yimuphi umsebenzi kukhompyutha. Ukuze uwasebenzise ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinobho zomyalo, ukuthi zenzani, nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani. Njengoba uhlobo ngalunye lwenkinobho luhlukile futhi lungafeza izinjongo eziningi kuye ngomongo, kubalulekile ukufunda imiyalo ethile ehlobene nezinkinobho zomyalo ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi kukhompyutha.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.