Izilungiselelo Zekhamera Zokunyakaza Kokumisa: Umhlahlandlela Ogcwele Wokushutha Okufanayo

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: Kwangathi 6, 2023

Misa ukunyakaza kungaba umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa oyinselele, odinga isineke nokunemba. Kodwa ingxenye enzima kakhulu ngokuvamile ukuthola ikhamera izilungiselelo kwesokudla.

Uma zicishiwe, i-stop motion animation ingabonakala ibukeka iyimfundamakhwela. 

Ukuze uthole imiphumela efiselekayo yokumisa ukunyakaza, kubalulekile ukuthi usethe ikhamera yakho kuzilungiselelo ezifanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa i- i-shutter ijubane, ukuthambisa, Futhi ISO futhi ushintshela kumodi eyenziwa ngesandla ngenkathi ukhiya ukugxila, ukuchayeka, nebhalansi emhlophe. 

Kulo mhlahlandlela, ngizonikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuthwebula isithombe esihle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uzofunda nezilungiselelo ezingcono kakhulu ongazisebenzisa, ngakho-ke ake siqale!

Ukubaluleka kwezilungiselelo zekhamera ku-stop motion animation

Izilungiselelo zekhamera ezisetshenziswa ku-stop motion animation zingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. 

Ukulungiselelwa ngakunye, okufana nendawo yokuvula, isivinini se-shutter, i-ISO, ibhalansi emhlophe, ukujula kwensimu, kanye nobude bokugxila, bunikela ekubukekeni okuphelele nomuzwa wopopayi.

Isibonelo, isilungiselelo sokuvula sinquma inani lokukhanya elingena kukhamera futhi lithinte ukujula kwenkambu, noma ibanga lebanga eligxilile. 

Imbobo ebanzi idala inkambu engajulile, engasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa isihloko ngemuva.

Ngokuphambene, imbobo ewumngcingo idala ukujula kwenkambu, okungaba usizo ekuthwebuleni imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi esigcawini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivinini sokuvala sinquma ukuthi inzwa yekhamera ibonakala isikhathi esingakanani ekukhanyeni. 

Isivinini se-shutter esinensayo singadala ukufiphala kokunyakaza, okuwusizo ekudluliseni ukunyakaza endaweni yesehlakalo. 

Isivinini se-shutter esisheshayo singamisa ukunyakaza, okubalulekile ekudaleni ukugqwayiza kokunyakaza kokuma okubushelelezi.

I-ISO, noma ukuzwela kwenzwa yekhamera ekukhanyeni, ingalungiswa ukuze ithwebule izithombe ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphansi ngaphandle kokwethula umsindo noma okusanhlamvu esithombeni. 

Ibhalansi emhlophe ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imibala esesithombeni inembile futhi ayigudluki ibheke kuthoni yombala othile.

Ubude bokugxila bungasetshenziswa ukulungisa inkambu yokubuka futhi bungasetshenziswa ukugcizelela izingxenye ezithile zesigcawu noma ukudala isimo sengqondo esithile.

Ngokuqonda nokulawula izilungiselelo zekhamera, abapopayi bangakha ukugqwayiza kokunyakaza kokuma okuhambisanayo nokubukeka njengochwepheshe. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola amasethingi ekhamera ahlukene kungaholela emiphumeleni eyingqayizivele nebukeka kahle. 

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha isikhathi sokufunda kanye nokwenza kahle izilungiselelo zekhamera ku-stop motion animation.

Ungakhohlwa ukuphuma umhlahlandlela wami ophelele wokuthenga kukhamera engcono kakhulu yokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza

Ukuqonda izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zekhamera

Ngaphambi kokuthi ngiqale ngezilungiselelo ezingcono kakhulu zekhamera zokuma ukunyakaza ikakhulukazi, ngifuna ukuvele ngidlule kulokho okwenziwa amasethingi ahlukene. 

Ukuze usebenzise ngempumelelo a ikhamera yokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza, kubalulekile ukuqonda izilungiselelo zekhamera ezahlukahlukene nokuthi zisithinta kanjani isithombe sokugcina.

Imbobo

Imbobo ilawula inani lokukhanya okungena kukhamera futhi ithonya ukujula kwenkambu. 

Imbobo enkudlwana idala ukujula kwenkambu okungashoni, kuyilapho indawo encane evulekayo idala ukujula kwenkambu. 

Lesi silungiselelo singasetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa isihloko noma ukuthwebula isigcawu esibanzi ngokucacile okukhulu.

Ijubane lokushesha

Isivinini se-shutter sinquma inani lesikhathi inzwa yekhamera evezwa ngayo ekukhanyeni. 

Isivinini se-shutter eside singadala ukufiphala kokunyakaza, kuyilapho isivinini se-shutter esifushane singamisa ukunyakaza. 

Isivinini se-shutter singalungiswa ukuze sithwebule ukugqwayiza kokunyakaza kokuma okubushelelezi ngokufiphala okuncane kokunyakaza.

ISO

Isilungiselelo se-ISO silungisa ukuzwela kwekhamera ekukhanyeni. 

I-ISO ephakeme ingasetshenziselwa ukuthwebula izithombe ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphansi kodwa ingethula umsindo noma okusanhlamvu esithombeni. 

I-ISO ephansi ingaholela ezithombeni ezihlanzekile ezinomsindo omncane.

Ibhalansi emhlophe

Ibhalansi emhlophe isetshenziselwa ukulungisa imibala esithombeni ukuze ibonise ngokunembile izimo zokukhanya. 

Lesi silungiselelo sibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imibala eku-stop motion animation inembile futhi ayigwegwile ibheke kuzinga lokushisa elithile lombala.

Ukudepha kwenkundla

Ukujula kwenkambu kubhekisela ebangeni lebanga eligxilile esithombeni. 

Lesi silungiselelo singalungiswa kusetshenziswa imbobo futhi singasetshenziswa ukudala ukujula kwenkambu okungashoni ukuze kuhlukaniswe isihloko noma ukujula kwenkambu ukuze kuthwebule imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi esigcawini.

Ubude be-Focal

Ubude befocal bubhekisela ebangeni eliphakathi kwelensi yekhamera nenzwa yesithombe. 

Lesi silungiselelo singasetshenziswa ukulungisa umkhakha wokubuka futhi singasetshenziswa ukugcizelela izingxenye ezithile zesigcawu noma ukudala isimo sengqondo esithile. 

Isibonelo, ubude bokugxila obubanzi bungasetshenziswa ukuthwebula isigcawu esibanzi, kuyilapho ubude bokugxila obuncane bungasetshenziswa ukuthwebula imininingwane ethile.

Ngokuqonda ngayinye yalezi zilungiselelo zekhamera, abapopayi bangakha izithombe ezinyakazayo ezibukekayo zokumisa ezidlulisa kahle isimo nomuzwa owufisayo.

Kungani udinga ukusebenzisa imodi yezandla

Izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zingu-"cha-cha" omkhulu uma kuziwa ekumiseni ukugqwayiza kokunyakaza. 

Yize izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zingaba usizo ezimweni eziningi zezithombe, ngokuvamile azilungele ukugqwayiza kokuma. 

Isizathu esisodwa salokhu ukuthi ukugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza kubandakanya ukuthatha inani elikhulu lozimele ngamunye, ngalinye elidinga ukufana nezinye. 

Ngakho-ke, uma uthatha isithombe esisodwa, ikhamera akumele ilungise izilungiselelo zayo ngaphambi kwesithombe esilandelayo, noma-ke izithombe zizobonisa umehluko obonakalayo, futhi lokhu kuyinto ongayifuni nhlobo. 

Izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zingabangela ukungqubuzana kokuchayeka, izinga lokushisa lombala, nokugxila phakathi kozimele, okungase kuxake futhi kuphazamise isibukeli.

Ukwengeza, ukugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza kuvame ukubandakanya ukusebenza nezimo zokukhanyisa eziyinselele, njengokukhanya okuphansi noma izimo zokukhanya okuxubile. 

Izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zingase zingakwazi ukuthwebula ngokunembile izimo zokukhanya futhi zingase ziphumele kumkhiqizo wokugcina ongafuneki. 

Ngokulungisa mathupha izilungiselelo zekhamera, abapopayi bangakha ukubukeka okungaguquki kukho konke ukugqwayiza futhi baqinisekise ukuthi uzimele ngamunye uvezwa ngokufanelekile futhi ulinganisele umbala.

Ngokuvamile, izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo azinconyelwe ukugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza.

Ngokuthatha isikhathi sokulungisa izilungiselelo zekhamera mathupha, abapopayi bangathola umkhiqizo wokugcina ongaguquguquki futhi obukeka njengochwepheshe.

Ukuze uqale, udinga ukukhetha "imodi yokwenziwa ngesandla." Amakhamera amaningi afaka ucingo oludinga ukusethelwa kumodi ethi “M”. 

Lokhu kusebenza kumakhamera e-DSLR namakhamera ahlangene, futhi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ikhamera yezithombe ezinyakazayo. 

Lesi sici sijwayelekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziningi zokuma kokunyakaza kwama-smartphone, futhi, ukuze ifoni yakho ilingise ikhamera ngendlela. 

Isivinini se-shutter, indawo yokuvula, kanye nokuzwela kwe-ISO ngezinye zezilawuli ezitholakala ngemodi yezandla. 

Ikhono lokulungisa ukukhanya kwesithombe usebenzisa lezi zilungiselelo libalulekile.

Ikhamera ijwayele ukwenza lokhu ngokwayo, kodwa sifuna ukugwema noma yikuphi ukungafani kokukhanya okungaba khona phakathi kwamashothi.

Zama lezi zilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zesikhathi sokuchayeka esingu-1/80s, indawo yokuvula engu-F4.5, kanye ne-ISO 100 ekukhanyeni okuvamile. 

Futhi khumbula, ukuchayeka ngokweqile noma ukuchayeka kancane kungasetshenziswa ngenhloso kwezinye izimo. Zama izinto ezihlukile ngezilawuli!

Ukuchayeka mathupha

Ukuchayeka mathupha kuyisici esibalulekile sokugqwayiza komnyakazo njengoba kukuvumela ukuthi ube nokulawula okuphelele kuzilungiselelo zekhamera futhi uqinisekise ukukhanya okungaguquki kanye nokuchayeka kukho konke ukugqwayiza kwakho.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zinto ezintathu zinquma ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okungena kukhamera noma ukuvezwa kwesithombe:

1. Uma ukuchayeka isikhathi eside, isithombe siya sigqama.
2. Uma inombolo engu-F inkulu, isithombe siba mnyama.
3. Uma i-ISO iphezulu, isithombe siyakhanya.

Isivinini se-shutter silawula ukuthi inzwa ivezwa isikhathi esingakanani ekukhanyeni. Uma leli windi lethuba lide, isithombe sizocaca.

Amanani ajwayelekile esikhathi sokuchayeka avezwa ngamasekhondi, afana ne-1/200 s.

Isetshenziswa kanjani ilensi yeManuwali enesixhumanisi somzimba we-DSLR

Opopayi abangochwepheshe bavame ukusebenzisa ilensi yesandla enamathiselwe emzimbeni we-DSLR ukuze baqede ukucwayiza.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo yokuvula ilensi yedijithali ejwayelekile ingavala ezindaweni ezihluke kancane phakathi kwamashothi.

Ukushintsha okuncane endaweni yokuvula kungase kubangele ukucwayiza okuphawulekayo ezithombeni zokugcina, okungaba buhlungu ukulungisa ngemva kokukhiqizwa.

Uhlobo lwekhamera ye-DSLR oyisebenzisayo iyisici esikhulu kulokhu. Le nkinga ecwayizayo inzima kakhulu kuma-animators njengoba ithinta ngisho namalensi ekhamera abiza kakhulu.

Nali ithiphu: umzimba weCanon usetshenziswa kangcono ngelensi enembobo yezandla. Uma usebenzisa ilensi yedijithali, indawo yokungena izoshintsha phakathi kwezithombe.

Lokhu akuyona inkinga ekuthathweni kwezithombe okujwayelekile, kodwa kuholela “ekucwayizeni” ekudluleni kwesikhathi kanye nezithombe ezinyakazayo.

Isixazululo siyisixhumi. Isixhumi selensi ye-Nikon ukuya kuCanon sikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ilensi yokuvula imanuwali ye-Nikon enekhamera yeCanon.

Abasebenzisi bamakhamera we-Nikon bangasebenzisa ilensi yokuvula imanuwali kalula ngisho noma izixhumi zikagesi ziqoshwe phezu kwawo.

Ukuze ushintshe indawo yokuvula ilensi, ilensi yokuvula imanuwali izoba nendandatho ebonakalayo. Ungasebenzisi noma yimaphi amalensi asochungechungeni lwe-'G' ngoba awanayo iringi yokuvula.

Inzuzo yelensi eyenziwa ngesandla, nokho, ukuthi uma i-F-stop isisethiwe, ihlala iqinile futhi akukho ukucwayiza.

Imbobo yokulawula: yenzani i-F-stop? 

The f-stop, noma imbobo, iyisilungiselelo esibalulekile ekhamera esilawula ukukhanya okungena kulensi. 

I-F-stop inquma ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okufinyelela inzwa yesithombe ngelensi. Kwaziwa nangokuthi i-aperture.

Imbobo iyimbobo lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona endleleni eya kunzwa yekhamera, futhi i-f-stop inquma usayizi walokhu kuvuleka.

Inombolo encane ye-f-stop (isb. f/2.8) isho indawo enkulu yokungena evumela ukukhanya okuningi kukhamera.

Lokhu kuyasiza ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi uma udinga ukuthwebula ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze uveze ngokufanelekile isithombe sakho.

Khetha inombolo engu-F ephansi kakhulu uma ufuna ingaphambili elifiphele nengemuva ukuze udonse ukunaka esihlokweni sakho.

Imbobo ayikwazi ukulungiswa kumakhamera amaningi omakhalekhukhwini.

Ngokuphambene, inombolo enkulu ka-f-stop (isb. f/16) isho indawo encane evumela ukukhanya kungene kukhamera.

Lokhu kungaba usizo ezimeni ezikhanyayo noma uma ufuna ukujula kwenkambu, okugcina isithombe esiningi sigxile.

Imbobo iphinde isebenze inhloso yesibili, ebalulekile ezithombeni zakho ezinyakazayo zokumisa ikakhulukazi: ukulungisa usayizi wesifunda okugxilwe kuso kanye nokujula kwenkambu. 

Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokulawula inani lokukhanya elingena kukhamera, i-f-stop iphinde ithinte ukujula kwenkambu.

Imbobo encane (inombolo ye-f-stop enkulu) iphumela ekujuleni okukhulu kwenkambu, okusho ukuthi isithombe esiningi sizogxila. 

Njengomqondisi oshisekayo wokunyakaza kokumisa, ngithole ukuthi isilungiselelo sokuvula esingcono kakhulu sokunyakaza kokuma ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-f/8 no-f/11, njengoba lokhu kunikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokucijile nokujula kwenkambu. 

Sekukonke, i-f-stop iyisilungiselelo sekhamera esibalulekile esikuvumela ukuthi ulawule inani lokukhanya elingena kukhamera futhi lithinte ukujula kwenkambu ezithombeni zakho. 

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa i-f-stop ngempumelelo kungakusiza ukuthi uthwebule izithombe ezivezwe kahle nezibukeka ezithakazelisayo.

Misa izilungiselelo zesivinini sokuvala ikhamera enyakazayo

Isivinini sokushutha siyisilungiselelo sekhamera esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho udala ukugqwayiza kokunyakaza kokuma.

Inquma inani lesikhathi inzwa yekhamera evezwa ngayo ekukhanyeni futhi ingaba nomthelela omkhulu kumphumela wokugcina.

Ngokuvamile, isivinini sokuvala esihamba kancane sisetshenziselwa ukugqwayiza kokumisa ukuze kuthwebule ukufiphala kokunyakaza nokudala ukugqwayiza okushelelayo. 

Kodwa-ke, isivinini se-shutter esifanele sizoncika kuphrojekthi ethile kanye nokubukeka nokuzizwa okufunayo.

Isiqalo esivamile ukusebenzisa isivinini sokuvala esingaba ngu-1/30 wesekhondi. Lokhu kuvumela ukufiphala okuthile kokunyakaza kuyilapho kugcina isithombe sibukhali ngokuqhathaniswa.

Nokho, ungase udinge ukulungisa lesi silungiselelo ngokusekelwe kusivinini nokunyakaza kwesihloko sakho.

Uma isihloko sakho sihamba ngokushesha noma ufuna ukwakha umuzwa wokunyakaza omangalisayo, ungase ufune ukusebenzisa isivinini sokuvala esinensayo. 

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isihloko sakho sihamba kancane noma ufuna ukwakha upopayi obukhali, onemininingwane eminingi, ungase ufune ukusebenzisa isivinini sokuvala esisheshayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa isivinini sokuvala esihamba kancane kungase kudinge ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuze kuvezwe kahle isithombe. 

Lokhu kungafezwa ngokwandisa indawo yokuvula imbobo noma i-ISO noma ngokungeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe endaweni yesehlakalo.

Sekukonke, isivinini sokuvala siyisici esibalulekile sokugqwayiza kokunyakaza kokuma futhi kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela lapho usetha ikhamera yakho. 

Linga ngezilungiselelo ezihlukene ukuze uthole ibhalansi ekahle phakathi kokufiphalisa ukunyakaza nokucija kwephrojekthi yakho ethile.

Yiziphi izilungiselelo ezinhle zekhamera yokukhanya okuphansi kokuma ukunyakaza?

Uma kuziwa ekumiseni ukugqwayiza kokunyakaza ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi, kunezilungiselelo ezimbalwa zekhamera ongazilungisa ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu. 

Nazi amathiphu ambalwa:

1. Khulisa ISO: Enye indlela yokuthwebula ukukhanya okwengeziwe ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi iwukwandisa isilungiselelo sekhamera yakho ye-ISO. Kodwa-ke, qaphela ukuthi izilungiselelo eziphezulu ze-ISO zingaholela emsindweni owengeziwe noma okusanhlamvu ezithombeni zakho. Linga ngezilungiselelo ezihlukile ze-ISO ukuze uthole ephansi kakhulu esakhiqiza isithombe esivezwe kahle.
2. Sebenzisa imbobo enkulu: Imbobo enkulu (inombolo engu-f encane) ivumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe kukhamera, okwenza kube lula ukuthwebula izithombe ezivezwe kahle ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, imbobo enkulu ingase futhi ibangele ukujula kwensimu, okungenzeka kungafiseleki kuzo zonke izimo.
3. Sebenzisa isivinini se-shutter esinensa: Isivinini se-shutter esinensayo sivumela isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthi ukukhanya kungene kukhamera, okwenza kube lula ukuthwebula izithombe ezivezwe kahle ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, isivinini se-shutter esinensayo singaholela ekufiphaleni kokunyakaza uma ikhamera noma isihloko sinyakaza ngesikhathi sokuchayeka.
4. Engeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe: Uma kwenzeka, ukwengeza ukukhanya okwengeziwe esigcawini kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi isiyonke yezithombe zakho. Ungasebenzisa izibani zangaphandle noma ngisho nethoshi ukuze ukhanyisele isihloko sakho.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zilungiselelo zingadinga ukulungiswa kuye ngezimo ezithile osebenza kuzo. 

Ungesabi ukuzama izilungiselelo ezihlukene nokusetha izibani ukuze uthole inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokugqwayiza kokunyakaza kwakho kokuma ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi.

Misa izilungiselelo zekhamera ye-ISO enyakazayo

I-ISO ingesinye sezilungiselelo eziyinhloko zekhamera ezingathinta ukuvezwa kokugqwayiza komnyakazo wakho wokuma. 

I-ISO inquma ukuzwela kwenzwa yekhamera yakho ekukhanyeni futhi ingalungiswa ukuze ikusize ufinyelele ukuchayeka okufunayo ezimeni ezihlukene zokukhanya.

Uma uthwebula ukugqwayiza kokumisa umnyakazo, uzofuna ukukhetha i-ISO ebhalansisa isidingo sesithombe esivezwe kahle nesifiso sokunciphisa umsindo noma ubuhlalu kumashothi akho. 

Nawa amanye amathiphu wokukhetha izilungiselelo ze-ISO zokugqwayiza kwakho kokuma komnyakazo:

1. Gcina i-ISO iphansi ngangokunokwenzeka: Ngokuvamile, kungcono kakhulu ukugcina i-ISO yakho iphansi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze unciphise umsindo nokusanhlamvu ezithombeni zakho. Nokho, ezimweni zokukhanya okuphansi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ukhuphule i-ISO yakho ukuze uthwebule ukukhanya okwanele.
2. Linga ngezilungiselelo ezihlukile ze-ISO: Yonke ikhamera ihlukile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuzama izilungiselelo ezihlukile ze-ISO ukuze uthole engcono kakhulu yekhamera yakho ethile nezimo zokukhanyisa.
3. Cabangela isihloko sakho: Uma isihloko sakho sihamba ngokushesha noma ufuna ukuthwebula ukufiphala okwengeziwe kokunyakaza, kungase kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise i-ISO ephansi ukuze ufinyelele isivinini sokuvala esihamba kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma isihloko sakho sisamile, ungase ukwazi ukusebenzisa i-ISO ephezulu ukuze ufinyelele isivinini sokuvala esisheshayo futhi unciphise ukufiphala kokunyakaza.
4. Sebenzisa isofthiwe yokunciphisa umsindo: Uma ugcina unomsindo noma ubuhlaza ezithombeni zakho, ungasebenzisa isofthiwe yokunciphisa umsindo ukuze uwunciphise ekukhiqizweni kwangemuva.

Sekukonke, i-ISO iyisethingi yekhamera ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho uthwebula ukugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza. 

Ngokulinganisa isidingo sesithombe esivezwe kahle nesifiso sokunciphisa umsindo, ungafinyelela imiphumela engcono kakhulu yephrojekthi yakho ethile kanye nezimo zokukhanyisa.

Siyini isilungiselelo sebhalansi emhlophe sokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza?

Ibhalansi emhlophe isilungiselelo sekhamera esibalulekile esithinta izinga lokushisa lombala wezithombe zakho. 

Ku-stop motion animation, ibhalansi emhlophe isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imibala ezithombeni zakho inembile futhi ayiguquki kukho konke ukugqwayiza.

Ibhalansi emhlophe umsebenzi olungisa ibhalansi yombala wekhamera ukuze ifane nezinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya. 

Imithombo yokukhanya ehlukene inamazinga okushisa emibala ehlukene, okungathinta izinga lokushisa lombala wezithombe zakho. 

Isibonelo, ukukhanya kwemini kunokushisa kombala opholile kunokukhanya kwe-incandescent, okunokushisa kombala ofudumele.

Uma usetha ibhalansi emhlophe kukhamera yakho, utshela ikhamera ukuthi liyini izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya ukuze ikwazi ukulungisa imibala ezithombeni zakho ngokufanele. 

Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi imibala ezithombeni zakho ibonakala inembile futhi ingaguquki, kungakhathaliseki izimo zokukhanya.

Ukuze usethe ibhalansi emhlophe kukhamera yakho, ungasebenzisa isilungiselelo sebhalansi emhlophe esizenzakalelayo, esihlonza izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya bese silungisa ibhalansi yombala wekhamera ngokufanele. 

Okunye, ungasetha ibhalansi emhlophe ngesandla ngokusebenzisa ikhadi elimpunga noma enye into eyireferensi ukuze usize ikhamera inqume izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya.

Sekukonke, ibhalansi emhlophe iyisilungiselelo esibalulekile sekhamera sokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza okuqinisekisa imibala engaguquki nenembile kukho konke ukugqwayiza. 

Ngokusetha ibhalansi emhlophe kahle, ungafinyelela umphumela wokugcina ochwepheshile futhi ophucuziwe.

Ukuthola ubuciko bokujula kwenkambu ekunyakazeni kokuma

Njengomshisekeli wokumisa, bengilokhu ngifuna ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomsebenzi wami.

Ithuluzi elilodwa elibalulekile elingisize ngifinyelele lokhu ukuqonda umqondo we-Depth of Field (DoF). 

Kafushane, i-DoF ibhekisela endaweni engaphakathi kwesigameko ebonakala ibukhali futhi igxile.

Kuyisici esibalulekile sokudala ukugqwayiza kokuma kokunyakaza okubukeka njengochwepheshe, njengoba kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukunaka kombukeli futhi udale umuzwa wokujula ezigcawini zakho.

Kunezici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezithonya i-DoF:

1. Ubude bokugxila: Ibanga phakathi kwelensi yekhamera nenzwa (noma ifilimu). Ubude be-focal ende ngokuvamile bukhiqiza i-DoF engashoni, kuyilapho ubude bokugxila obufushane buphumela ku-DoF ejulile.
2. Ukuvula: Usayizi wesikhala kulensi yekhamera, ngokuvamile ikalwa ngama-f-stops. Imbobo enkudlwana (inani lika-f-stop eliphansi) idala i-DoF engashoni, kuyilapho indawo encane evulekayo (inani lika-f-stop ephezulu) iphumela ku-DoF ejulile.
3. Ibanga: Ibanga phakathi kwekhamera nesihloko. Njengoba isihloko sisondela eduze kwekhamera, i-DoF iba ncane.

Ngokulungisa lezi zici, ungakwazi ukulawula ukujula kwenkambu ezithombeni zakho ezinyakazayo, udale ukubukeka kwesinema okwengeziwe nomuzwa.

Amathiphu asebenzayo okulawula ukujula kwenkundla ekunyakazeni kokuma

Manje njengoba sesihlanganise izinto eziyisisekelo, ake singene kumathiphu athile asebenzayo okuzuza i-DoF oyifunayo kumaphrojekthi akho okumisa ukunyakaza:

Qala ngokusetha ikhamera yakho kumodi eyenziwa ngesandla. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele indawo yokuvula, isivinini sokuvala, nezilungiselelo ze-ISO.

Uma uhlose i-DoF engashoni, sebenzisa indawo yokuvula enkudlwana (inani eliphansi lika-f-stop) kanye nobude bokugxila okude. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuhlukanisa isihloko sakho futhi kudale umuzwa oqinile wokujula.

Ngokuphambene, uma ufuna i-DoF ejulile, sebenzisa indawo yokuvula encane (ivelu ye-f-stop ephezulu) kanye nobude bokugxila obufushane.

Lokhu kuzogcina okuningi kwesigcawu sakho sigxile, okungaba usizo ezithombeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuma-motion ezinezendlalelo eziningi zesenzo.

Linga ngamabanga ahlukene phakathi kwekhamera yakho nangaphansi ukuze ubone ukuthi iyithinta kanjani i-DoF.

Khumbula ukuthi njengoba isihloko sisondela eduze kwekhamera, i-DoF iba ingashoni.

Ukuzilolonga kwenza kuphelele!

Uma uzama kakhulu ngezilungiselelo zekhamera ezihlukene namabanga, uzoba ngcono ekuzuzeni i-DoF oyifunayo kuma-animations akho okumisa ukunyakaza.

Iyiphi i-aspect ratio engcono kakhulu yokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza?

I-aspect ratio ye-stop motion animation ingahluka kuye ngephrojekthi ethile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe. 

Nokho, i-aspect ratio evamile yokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza ngu-16:9, okuyisilinganiso sokubukeka esijwayelekile sevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu.

Lokhu kusho u-1920×1080 wokugqwayiza kwe-HD noma 3840×2160 kokugqwayiza kwe-4K kodwa okusesilinganisweni sika-16:9.

Ukusebenzisa i-aspect ratio engu-16:9 kunganikeza ifomethi ebanzi efaneleka ukuboniswa kuma-TV namamonitha esimanjemanje.

Kungasiza futhi ukudala umuzwa wesinema kokugqwayiza kwakho.

Kodwa-ke, kuye ngokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kokugqwayiza kwakho, okunye ukulinganiswa kwesici kungase kulunge kakhulu. 

Isibonelo, uma ukugqwayiza kwakho kuhloselwe inkundla yezokuxhumana, ungase ufune ukusebenzisa i-aspect ratio yesikwele (1:1) noma i-aspect ratio eqondile (9:16) ukuze uvumelane kangcono nefomethi yezinkundla zokuxhumana.

Ekugcineni, i-aspect ratio oyikhethayo izoncika ezidingweni ezithile nezinjongo zephrojekthi yakho. 

Cabangela izici ezifana nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe, inkundla lapho ukugqwayiza kuzoboniswa khona, nesitayela sokubukwayo ofuna ukusifinyelela lapho ukhetha ukubukeka kwesilinganiselo sokugqwayiza kwakho kokuma kokunyakaza.

Imicabango ephethayo

Ngokugqwayiza kokumisa ukunyakaza, izilungiselelo zekhamera ezifanele zincike kumphumela oyifunayo kanye nesigcawu esithile esiqoshwayo. 

Isibonelo, indawo ebanzi ingadala ukujula kwenkambu okungajulile, okuwusizo ekuhlukaniseni isihloko, kuyilapho indawo eyisikhala ewumngcingo ingakha ukujula kwenkambu, okuwusizo ekuthwebuleni imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi esigcawini. 

Ngokufanayo, isivinini se-shutter esinensayo singadala ukufiphala kokunyakaza, okungasetshenziswa ukudlulisa ukunyakaza, kuyilapho isivinini se-shutter esisheshayo singamisa ukunyakaza futhi sidale ukugqwayiza okushelelayo.

Ekugcineni, ngokuba yingcweti kwezilungiselelo zekhamera nokuzama ngamasu ahlukene, ama-animators angakha izithombe ezinyakazayo ezibukekayo zokumisa ezidlulisa ngempumelelo umlayezo nomuzwa ofunekayo.

Okulandelayo, funda mayelana the Best Stop Motion Camera Hacks for Stunning Animations

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.