Okuyisisekelo Kopopayi Bezinhlamvu: Yini Umlingiswa?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 11, 2022

I-ANIMATION INDLELA ENHLE YOKUTSHELA U-A INDABA, KODWA NGAPHANDLE KWABALINGISI KUWUHLELO NJE LWEZENZAKALO. UMLINGISI UNGUMUNTU OTHILE NOMA UMUNTU KUBHAYIBHILI, VIDEO, INCWADI, NOMA OKUNYE OKUPHAKATHI KOKUGANIZA.

Ukugqwayiza kohlamvu kuyisethi engaphansi yokugqwayiza ebandakanya ukudala nokukhohlisa izinhlamvu emsebenzini opopayi. Ingenye yezici eziyinselele futhi edinga kakhulu ukugqwayiza, njengoba idinga ikhono elikhulu nokudala.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, ngizochaza ukuthi kuyini ukugqwayiza kwabalingiswa, ukuthi kuhluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlobo zokugqwayiza, nokuthi yini oyidingayo ukuze ube upopayi womlingiswa omuhle.

Ukuqala Kopopayi Bezinhlamvu

UGertie Dinosaur

UGertie the Dinosaur, owadalwa nguWinsor McCay ngo-1914, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isibonelo sokuqala sokugqwayiza komlingiswa weqiniso. Walandelwa nguFelix the Cat ka-Otto Messmer, owanikezwa ubuntu ngawo-1920.

I-Disney Era

Ngawo-1930 yabona isitudiyo sopopayi sika-Walt Disney sithatha izithombe zopopayi zabalingiswa ziye ezingeni elisha. Kusukela ezingulubeni eziNtathu kuya kokumhlophe oku-Snow kanye ne-Seven Dwarfs, i-Disney idale ezinye zezinhlamvu eziyisithonjana kakhulu emlandweni wopopayi. I-'Nine Old Men' ye-Disney, kuhlanganise noBill Tytla, u-Ub Iwerks, no-Ollie Johnston, babengompetha balolu hlelo. Bafundisa ukuthi imicabango nemizwa engemuva komlingiswa iyisihluthulelo sokwenza indawo eyimpumelelo.

Ezinye Izibalo Eziphawulekayo

Ukugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu akugcini nje ku-Disney. Nazi ezinye izibalo eziphawulekayo emkhakheni:

• U-Tex Avery, u-Chuck Jones, u-Bob Clampett, u-Frank Tashlin, u-Robert McKimson, no-Friz Freleng abavela e-Schlesinger/Warner Bros.
• UMax Fleischer no-Walter Lantz, abalingiswa bopopayi abaphayonayo base-Hanna-Barbera
• U-Don Bluth, owayengumlingisi we-Disney
• URichard Williams, umlingisi ozimele
• UJohn Lasseter wasePixar
• U-Andreas Deja, uGlen Keane no-Eric Goldberg abavela kwaDisney
• U-Nick Park ovela ku-Aardman Animations
• U-Yuri Norstein, umlingisi ozimele waseRussia

Upopayi Umlingiswa Nesidalwa: Ukuletha Okungekona Kwemvelo Ekuphileni

I-Animation Yomlingisi

• Ama-animator wezinhlamvu aphilisa zonke izinhlobo zezidalwa eziyinqaba nezimangalisayo, kusukela kuma-dinosaurs kuya ezidalwa zamaphupho.
• Basebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo zokugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu ukuze baphilise izimoto, imishini, nezimo zemvelo njengemvula, iqhwa, umbani namanzi.
• Ucwaningo lwesayensi yekhompyutha luhlala lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlamvu zinganikezwa ezinhlelweni zesikhathi sangempela.
• Ukuthwebula ukunyakaza kanye nokulingisa kwe-soft-body dynamics kusetshenziselwa ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izinhlamvu zinyakaza ngokwangempela.

Izilwane Ezinyakazayo

• Ama-animator ezidalwa yiwo aqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izidalwa eziyinqaba nezimangalisayo zibukeka zingokoqobo ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Basebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zamasu ukuze benze izidalwa ziphile, kusukela ekuthwebuleni ukunyakaza kuye ekulingiseni okuguquguqukayo komzimba othambile.
• Baphinde basebenzise izimiso ezifanayo zokugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu ukuze bagqwayize izimoto, imishini, nezimo zemvelo.
• Ucwaningo lwesayensi yekhompyutha luhlala lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izidalwa zingenziwa ngesikhathi sangempela.

I-Animation Yomlingisi

Izinsuku Zokuqala Zokugqwayiza Komlingisi

• Ukugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu kuhambe ibanga elide kusukela ezinsukwini ze-Walt Disney Studios, lapho abaculi bopopayi bezodala abalingisi abanobuntu nezici ezihlukile.
• Kudingeka amakhono amaningi wokudweba noma wokugqwayiza ukwenza umlingisi unyakaze, acabange, futhi enze ngendlela engaguquki.
• Emuva osukwini, ukugqwayiza kopopayi bakudala kwathathelwa indawo izithombe zesimanje ze-3D, futhi ukugqwayiza kwabalingiswa kwavela kanye nakho.

I-Animation Yomlingisi Namuhla

• Ukugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu namuhla kuhilela izinto ezifana nokukhwabaniswa kwezinhlamvu nokudala izinhlaka ezigxile entweni zokulandelana kwezinhlamvu.
• Ukuqoshwa kwezwi ngosaziwayo abadumile kanye namaphrofayili omlingiswa athuthukile nawo asetshenziselwa ukwakha ubuntu nesizinda somlingiswa.
• Thatha isibonelo samamuvi weNdaba yamathoyizi: ukudalwa ngokucophelela kwabalingisi abasesikrinini kubenze aba yimpumelelo enkulu futhi kwabenza baba nesikhundla sefa.

Ukukhetha Ukugqwayiza Kwezinhlamvu Ezilungile Ukwenza Iphrojekthi Yakho Ivele

Izinhlobo Zopopayi Zomlingisi

Ukugqwayiza komlingiswa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza umkhankaso wakho wokumaketha opopayi ugqame. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezihlukene zokwenza izinhlamvu zinyakaze, futhi ngayinye inobuhle bayo nobubi bayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokugqwayiza ofuna ukulusebenzisa ukuze uthole okuningi kuphrojekthi yakho. Nazi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu:

• I-2D Animation: Lesi isitayela sakudala sokugqwayiza, lapho izinhlamvu zidwetshwa khona bese zigqwayiza ifremu ngohlaka. Kuyindlela enhle yokwakha ukubukeka nomuzwa wakudala, kodwa kungadla isikhathi futhi kubize kakhulu.

• I-3D Animation: Lesi isitayela sesimanje sokugqwayiza, lapho abalingisi benziwa khona endaweni ye-3D bese begqwayiza ngokuthwebula ukunyakaza noma ukwenza ngokhiye. Kuyindlela enhle yokudala izithombe ezinyakazayo ezingokoqobo neziguqukayo, kodwa zingabiza kakhulu futhi zidle isikhathi.

• I-Motion Graphics: Lesi yisitayela esiyingxubevange sokugqwayiza, lapho abalingisi benziwa khona endaweni ye-2D noma ye-3D bese begqwayiza ngezithombe ezinyakazayo. Kuyindlela enhle yokudala izithombe ezinyakazayo nezidonsa amehlo, kodwa zingabiza kakhulu.

Ukukhetha Isitayela Sopopayi Esilungile

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni uhlobo olulungile lokugqwayiza kwabalingiswa bephrojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ibhajethi yakho nomugqa wesikhathi. Uma ukubhajethi eqinile kanye nomugqa wesikhathi, khona-ke ukugqwayiza kwe-2D kungase kube inketho engcono kakhulu. Uma unemali ethe xaxa ongayisebenzisa kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe sokusebenza, khona-ke ukugqwayiza kwe-3D noma izithombe ezinyakazayo kungaba yinketho engcono.

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela uhlobo lokugqwayiza ofuna ukukudala. Uma ufuna ukudala okwakudala, ukubukeka nokuzwakala okudwetshwe ngesandla, khona-ke ukugqwayiza kwe-2D kuyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Uma ufuna ukudala okuthile okungokoqobo nokushintshayo, khona-ke ukugqwayiza kwe-3D noma izithombe ezinyakazayo kungaba inketho engcono.

Noma ngabe ukhetha luphi uhlobo lokugqwayiza, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi luhambisana nesitayela nethoni yephrojekthi yakho. Ilungelo isitayela sokugqwayiza ungenza wonke umehluko empumelelweni yephrojekthi yakho, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ngokuhlakanipha!

Ukugqwayiza Kwezinhlamvu: Umhlahlandlela Wezinhlobo Ezihlukene

Ukunyakaza Kwezinhlamvu Ezicashile

Kwesinye isikhathi, awudingi ukugqwayiza abalingiswa abagcwele ngokugcwele ukuze uqonde iphuzu. Ukunyakaza kwezinhlamvu ezicashile kungenza iqhinga! Lokhu kunyakaza okuncane kwekhanda nengalo kunikeza umuzwa wempilo kubalingiswa kanye namandla endaweni yesehlakalo. Futhi, zilungele amaphrojekthi asheshayo noma izingcezu zezithombe ezinyakazayo ezingathembeli kakhulu kubalingiswa. Odinga ukukwenza nje ukunqampuna umlingiswa kusuka ku-torso phezulu, futhi usukulungele ukuhamba!

Ukugqwayiza Kwezinhlamvu ezinemininingwane ku-After Effects

Uma ufuna okuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukugqwayiza kwezinhlamvu ezinemininingwane ku-After Effects kuyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo. Lolu hlobo lokugqwayiza lusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasu ukuze luphilise abalingisi abanomzimba ogcwele noma lwengeze ubunzima obuningi ekunyakazeni. Ngokuvamile kusizakala ngokuhunyushwa kwedijithali kwesofthiwe ukunciphisa inani lezindawo i-animator edinga ukuzenza.

Ukugqwayiza Kwezinhlamvu Eziyinkimbinkimbi Kuhlaka-ngohlaka (I-Cel Animation)

Ngohlobo lokugcina lokugqwayiza komlingiswa endaweni ye-2D, awukwazi ukungahambi kahle ngohlaka ngohlaka noma ukugqwayiza kwe-cel. Le nqubo yendabuko ihlanganisa ukudweba izithombe eziningi zomuntu ngamunye ngokulandelana ukuze udale ukunyakaza. Ilungele ukugqwayiza okugcwele isenzo, noma uma ufuna ukujabulisa izethameli zakho ngomuzwa owenziwe ngesandla nonamandla.

Isiphi Isitayela Esibonakalayo Okufanele Usikhethe Kopopayi Bakho?

Imigqa Eqondile kanye Nezimo Eziyisisekelo

Uma ufuna ukunyakaza okucashile kanye nokugqwayiza kwe-After Effects, imigqa eqondile kanye nomumo oyisisekelo iwuhambo lwakho lokuya. Cabanga ngezikwele, imibuthano, nonxantathu. Lezi zifanelekile ekudaleni ukubukeka okushelelekile futhi kwesimanje.

Izimo Eziphilayo

Umumo we-organic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ulungele ukugqwayiza kohlaka ngohlaka. Lezi yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengalezo ezitholakala emvelweni. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna okuthile okuhlekisayo nokujabulisayo, khona-ke izimo zemvelo ziyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo.

Izindlela Ezihlukene Zokusondelana Nabalingisi

Yebo, lezi yiziqondiso nje. I-animator yakho izokwazi ukukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi inqubo elungele iphrojekthi yakho. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezihlukile zokufinyelela abalingisi kuphrojekthi efanayo:

• Hlanganisa futhi uqondanise imigqa eqondile kanye namajamo ayisisekelo namajamo wemvelo.
• Sebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-After Effects kanye nokugqwayiza kozimele ngohlaka.
• Dala isitayela esiyingxube esihlanganisa izindlela zombili.

Ukuyixuba: Amasu Ahlukene Ngesitayela Esifanayo

Ukunyakaza Okusikiwe Nokucashile

Uma kuziwa ekudaleni amavidiyo opopayi, kungani usebenzela isu elilodwa nje? Kuhlanganise futhi ukwenze kuthakazelise! Ngesitayela sokubukwa esifanele, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza okusikayo nokucashile ukuze udale umuzwa oyingqayizivele nohehayo wababukeli.

Cel izithombe

Kuthathe isinyathelo esisodwa futhi wengeze izikhathi zokugqwayiza ze-cel. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukugqwayiza kwakho umuzwa ocebe kakhudlwana, ongalindelekile, kuyilapho uhlala ngaphakathi komugqa wakho wesikhathi wokukhiqiza kanye nesabelomali.

Umehluko

I-Character Vs Personality For Animation

Umlingiswa uma uqhathaniswa nobuntu bokugqwayiza iwubuqili. Izinhlamvu ziwumfanekiso obonakalayo we-a umuntu noma into, kuyilapho ubuntu yizici nokuziphatha okwakha umlingiswa. Izinhlamvu zinokubukeka nomuzwa ohlukile, kuyilapho ubuntu bungabonakali futhi bungahunyushwa ngendlela ehlukile abantu abahlukene. Isibonelo, umlingiswa angase abe nekhala elikhulu nezibuko, kodwa ubuntu bakhe bungabonakala bunomusa futhi buphanayo.

Uma kukhulunywa ngokugqwayiza, abalingiswa nobuntu kungasetshenziswa ukudala umuzwa oyingqayizivele nojabulisayo. Izinhlamvu zingasetshenziswa ukwakha ukumelwa okubonakalayo komuntu noma into, kuyilapho ubuntu bungasetshenziswa ukudala indaba eyingqayizivele neshukumisayo. Isibonelo, umlingiswa angase abe nokubukeka kwe-goofy, kodwa ubuntu bakhe bungabonakala njengesibindi nesibindi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umlingiswa angase abukeke ngokungathi sína, kodwa ubuntu bakhe bungabonakala njengobubi nobuqili. Kokubili abalingiswa nobuntu kungasetshenziswa ukudala umuzwa oyingqayizivele nojabulisayo wababukeli.

Umlingiswa Oyinhloko Vs Abalingisi Basemuva Kopopayi

Uma kukhulunywa ngopopayi, konke kumayelana nomlingiswa oyinhloko. Yilona ofuna ukulidweba kuqala, njengoba bezoba isihlabani sohlelo. Abalingiswa bangemuva, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangeza okwesibili. Akubalulekile kangako ukwenza ukulinganiswa kwazo ngendlela efanele, njengoba kungeke kube ukugxila kokugqwayiza. Kodwa uma ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yonke into ibukeka ilinganayo, kungcono ukuyidweba kuqala. Khumbula nje, umlingisi oyinhloko uyinkanyezi yombukiso, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ubukeka kahle kakhulu!

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ukugqwayiza kwabalingiswa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokugqwayiza eletha ukuphila kubalingiswa futhi kusize ukuxoxa indaba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udala ividiyo echazayo noma ifilimu yobude besici, ukugqwayiza kwabalingiswa kuyindlela enhle yokwenza umkhiqizo wakho ube ngumuntu futhi wandise i-ROI yakho. Khumbula nje, uma kukhulunywa ngokugqwayiza kwabalingiswa, “isibhakabhaka siwumkhawulo” - ngakho ungesabi ukwenza ubuciko! Futhi ungakhohlwa ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu: prakthiza amakhono akho wezinti - "kufanele" kunoma yimuphi umshini wopopayi!

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.