Claymation: The Forgotten Art...Noma Is It?
Ngakho-ke ufuna ukuqalisa nge-claymation noma mhlawumbe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini i-claymation.
I-Claymation iyinhlanganisela "yobumba" kanye "nopopayi" ehlanganiswe ngu-Will Vinton. Kuyindlela esebenzisa ubumba, nokunye izinto eziphathekayo, ukudala izigcawu nabalingiswa. Zihanjiswa phakathi kohlaka ngalunye ngenkathi zithwetshulwa ukuze zenze inkohliso yokunyakaza. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukumisa izithombe ezinyakazayo.
Kuningi ongakwenza futhi ukubone nge-claymation, kusukela kumadrama kuya kumahlaya kuya kokuthusayo, futhi kulesi sihloko, ngizokutshela konke ngakho.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizomboza:
Kuyini ubumba
I-Claymation iwuhlobo lokugqwayiza kokuma-motion lapho zonke izingcezu ezigqwayizayo zenziwe ngezinto ezithambile, ngokuvamile zobumba. Inqubo yokwenza ifilimu yobumba ihlanganisa ukuthwebula izithombe ezinyakazayo, lapho uhlaka ngalunye luthwetshulwa lulodwa ngesikhathi. Isihloko sinyakaziswa kancane phakathi kohlaka ngalunye ukuze kwakheke inkohliso yokunyakaza.
I-Claymation idumile ngoba ingasetshenziswa ukwakha izinhlamvu nezilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene. Kulula futhi ukwenza amafilimu e-claymation, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kubenzi bamafilimu abazimele.
I-Stop motion animation iwuhlobo lokugqwayiza olusebenzisa izithombe zezinto zomhlaba wangempela ukudala inkohliso yokunyakaza. Ngobumba lezo zinto zenziwe ngobumba noma ezinye izinto ezithambile.
Ngakho inqubo ngemuva kokubili iyafana. I-Stop motion ivele ibhekisele esigabeni esibanzi sokugqwayiza, lapho i-claymation iwuhlobo lokugqwayiza komnyakazo wokuma.
Izinhlobo zopopayi zobumba
I-Freeform: I-Freeform ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zobumba. Ngale ndlela ubumba luyaguqulwa lusuke esimweni esisodwa lube olusha ngokuphelele.
Ukushintshanisa izithombe ezinyakazayo: Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukugqwayiza isimo sobuso sabalingiswa. Izingxenye ezihlukene zobuso zenziwa ngokwehlukana bese ziphinde zibekwe ekhanda ukuveza imizwelo nezinkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Emikhiqizweni emisha lezi zingxenye ezishintshayo ziphrintwa nge-3D njengefilimu yesici i-Coraline.
I-Strata-Cut Animation: I-Strata-cut animation iwubuciko obuyinkimbinkimbi bokubumba. Ngale ndlela i-hump yobumba iyasikwa ibe amashidi amancane. I-hump ngokwayo iqukethe izithombe ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi. Ngesikhathi sokugqwayiza izithombe ezingaphakathi ziyavezwa.
Umdwebo wobumba: Ukudweba ngobumba kuhilela ubumba olunyakazayo kuseyili eyisicaba. Ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza ungakha zonke izinhlobo zezithombe. Kufana nokudweba ngobumba.
Ukuqalisa ngamabhodi wakho wezindaba anyakazayo
Bhalisela incwadi yethu yezindaba futhi uthole ukulanda kwakho kwamahhala ngamabhodi wezindaba amathathu. Qalisa ngokuletha izindaba zakho ziphile!
Sizosebenzisa ikheli lakho le-imeyili kuphela ukuthola incwadi yethu yezindaba bese siyihlonipha eyakho ubumfihlo
Ukuncibilika kobumba: Lokhu kufana nokuhluka okuncane kwe-claymation. Ubumba lubekwe eduze nomthombo wokushisa okwenza ubumba luncibilike, kuyilapho luthwetshulwa ngekhamera.
Ukufakwa kwe-clay ku-blender
Akuyona indlela ngempela kodwa iphrojekthi engijabule ngayo isengezo se-Blender “Claymation” sokudala ukugqwayiza kwesitayela sokuma. Esinye sezici ukuthi ungakha ubumba ezintweni ze-Grease Pencil.
Umlando wobumba
I-Claymation inomlando omude futhi ohlukahlukene, osukela ku-1897, lapho kwasungulwa ubumba lokubumba oluthambile, olusekelwe kuwoyela olubizwa ngokuthi "i-plasticine".
Ukusetshenziswa kwasekuqaleni kwalolu hlelo yi-Sculptor's Nightmare, isiphukuphuku okhethweni lukamongameli lwango-1908. Ku-reel yokugcina yefilimu, i-slab yobumba esisekelweni iyaphila, ishintshashintsha ibe ukuqhuma kukaTeddy Roosevelt.
Ngokushesha phambili ngawo-1970. Amafilimu okuqala obumba adalwe opopayi abafana no-Willis O'Brien no-Ray Harryhausen, abasebenzisa ubumba ukuze benze ukulandelana kokuma kokugqwayiza okunyakazayo kumafilimu abo esenzo esibukhoma. Ngawo-1970, ukwenziwa kwebumba kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhangisweni zethelevishini nakumavidiyo omculo.
Ngo-1988, ifilimu yobumba ka-Will Vinton ethi “The Adventures of Mark Twain” yawina indondo ye-Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-claymation iye yasetshenziswa emafilimini ahlukahlukene, ezinhlelweni ze-TV nasezimakethe.
Igama elithi "Claymation" lasungulwa nguWill Vinton ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ubhekwa njengomunye wabasunguli be-claymation, futhi ifilimu yakhe ethi "The Adventures of Mark Twain" ibhekwa njengenguqulo yakudala kuhlobo.
Wayengubani umlingiswa wokuqala wobumba?
Umlingiswa wokuqala wobumba kwakuyisidalwa esibizwa ngokuthi uGumby, owadalwa u-Art Clokey ngeminyaka yawo-1950.
Kwenziwa kanjani ubumba
I-Clay animation iwuhlobo lokugqwayiza kokuma-motion kusetshenziswa izibalo zobumba nezigcawu ezingase zibekwe kabusha ngokuma okuhlukile. Ngokuvamile ubumba oluthambile, njenge-plasticine, lusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinhlamvu.
Ubumba lungabunjwa ngokwalo noma lwakhiwe luzungeze amathambo ocingo, aziwa ngokuthi ama-armatures. Lapho ubumba seluqediwe, lube seluthwetshulwa ngohlaka njengokungathi luyinto engokoqobo, okuholela ekunyakazeni okufana nokuphila.
Inqubo yokwenza ifilimu yobumba
Inqubo yokwenza ifilimu yobumba ngokuvamile ihilela ukuthwebula izithombe ezinyakazayo, lapho uhlaka ngalunye luthwetshulwa lulodwa ngesikhathi.
Abenzi befilimu kufanele bakhe wonke umlingiswa namasethi. Bese ubahambisa ukuze badale inkohliso yokunyakaza.
Umphumela uba ukukhiqizwa okuyingqayizivele lapho izinto ezisekhona ziphila.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-claymation
I-Stop motion iyindlela enzima kakhulu yokwenza ifilimu. Imikhiqizo yefilimu efakiwe ivamise ukuba nezinga lozimele elingu-24 ngomzuzwana.
Upopayi ungadutshulwa kokuthi "okukodwa" noma "okubili". Ukuthwebula i-animation "kwabanye" empeleni ukudubula ozimele abangu-24 ngomzuzwana. Ngokuthwebula "okubili" uthatha isithombe kuwo wonke amafreyimu amabili, ngakho-ke amafreyimu angu-12 ngomzuzwana.
Imikhiqizo eminingi yefilimu efakiwe yenziwa ku-24 fps noma i-30fps ku-"twos".
Amafilimu e-claymation adumile
I-Claymation isetshenziswe ezinhlobonhlobo zamafilimu, izinhlelo ze-TV, nezimakethe. Amanye amafilimu e-claymation adume kakhulu ahlanganisa:
- I-Nightmare Ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi (1993)
- Ukugijima kwenkukhu (2000)
- I-ParaNorman (2012)
- U-Wallace no-Gromit: Isiqalekiso se-Were-Rabbit (2005)
- U-Coraline (2009)
- I-California Raisins (1986)
- I-Monkeybone (2001)
- I-Gumby: Ifilimu (1995)
- IPirates! Ku-Adventure Nososayensi! (2012)
Izitudiyo zopopayi zobumba ezidumile
Uma ucabanga nge-claymation, izitudiyo ezimbili ezidume kakhulu zifika engqondweni. I-Laika ne-Aardman Animations.
I-Laika inezimpande zayo ku-Will Vinton Studios, kwathi ngo-2005, i-Will Vinton Studios yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Laika. Lesi situdiyo saziwa ngemikhiqizo yefilimu efana ne-Coraline, ParaNorman, Missing link kanye ne-The Boxtrols.
I-Aardman Animations iyisitudiyo sopopayi saseBrithani esaziwa ngokusebenzisa amasu okuma nokugqwayiza ngobumba. Banohlu oluhle lwamafilimu nochungechunge lwesici, okuhlanganisa u-Shaun the Sheep, Chicken Run, no-Wallace noGrommit.
Opopayi bobumba abadumile
- U-Art Clokey waziwa kakhulu nge-The Gumby Show (1957) kanye ne-Gumby: The Movie (1995)
- UJoan Carol Gratz waziwa kakhulu ngefilimu yakhe emfishane yopopayi ethi Mona Lisa Ehla Izitebhisi.
- Umdidiyeli kanye nomsunguli we-Peter Lord kanye nomsunguli we-Aardman Animations, owaziwa kakhulu u-Wallace no-Gromit.
- UGarri Bardin, owaziwa kakhulu ngekhathuni ye-Fioritures (1988)
- U-Nick Park, owaziwa kakhulu ngoWallace noGromit, uShaun the Sheep, kanye neChicken Run
- U-Will Vinton, owaziwa kakhulu ngeMisombuluko evaliwe (1974), Buyela ku-Oz (1985)
Ikusasa le-claymation
I-Claymation iyindlela yokugqwayiza edumile esibe khona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Nakuba iye yajabulela ukuvela kabusha ekudumeni eminyakeni yamuva, kukhona abanye abakholelwa ukuthi ubumba bobumba bungase buzoshabalala.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene ne-claymation ukwanda kokuthandwa kopopayi okukhiqizwa ngekhompyutha. I-Claymation ibhekene nempi ekhuphukayo ekuqhudelaneni nopopayi be-CGI. Ukwengeza, inqubo yokwenza ifilimu yobumba ivame ukuhamba kancane futhi idinga abasebenzi abaningi, okungenza kube nzima ukuncintisana namafilimu e-CGI asheshayo, alula kakhulu.
Nokho, kukhona abanye abakholelwa ukuthi ukwenziwa ngobumba kusenayo indawo emhlabeni wopopayi. I-Claymation iyindlela ehlukile futhi enemisebenzi eminingi engasetshenziswa ukudala izinhlamvu nezilungiselelo ngendlela ehlukile.
Amazwi wokugcina
I-Claymation iyindlela ehlukile nejabulisayo yokugqwayiza engasetshenziswa ukudala izindaba nezinhlamvu ezihehayo. Nakuba kungase kuthathe isikhathi ukwenza ubuciko bobumba buphelele, umkhiqizo wokugcina ungawufanelekela umzamo. I-Claymation ingasetshenziselwa ukuxoxa izindaba ngendlela okungekho enye indlela engakwazi ngayo, futhi ingajabulisa kakhulu izingane kanye nabantu abadala.
Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.
