I-ISO: Yini Ekumakhamera?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 28, 2022

ISO, i isifinyezo ethathwe ku-International Organization for Standardization, isilinganiso esibalulekile sokuzwela kwekhamera ekukhanyeni. Njengoba sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezithombe zedijithali ku Amakhamera namuhla, kungase kusize ukuqonda ukuthi i-ISO isho ukuthini kulo mongo.

Leli gama lichaza kalula ukuthi ukukhanya okungenayo kuyithinta kanjani indlela ikhamera yakho ebona ngayo izinto - ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okudingayo ukuze ukwazi "ukubona" ​​isigcawu. Inombolo ephezulu ye-ISO ibonisa ukuthi ikhamera ingathola ukukhanya okwengeziwe; inombolo ye-ISO ephansi ikhombisa ukuzwela okuncane kanye nokukhanya okuncane okudingeka ikhamera.

• Inombolo ephezulu ye-ISO ibonisa ukuthi ikhamera ingathola ukukhanya okwengeziwe.
• Inombolo ye-ISO ephansi ikhombisa ukuzwela okuncane kanye nokukhanya okuncane okudingeka ikhamera.

Lo mqondo ungenza umehluko omkhulu uma uthwebula ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi noma uma udinga ngokushesha i-shutter isivinini emini - ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kubathwebuli bezithombe. Ngokulungisa izilungiselelo zakho ze-ISO ungakwazi ukwandisa noma wehlise inani lokukhanya okuthwebuliwe kuye ngesimo.

Yini i-ISO?

I-ISO imele I-International Organisation for Standardization futhi iyisethingi elungisekayo kukhamera enquma ukuzwela kwenzwa. Amazinga e-ISO ngokuvamile akhonjiswa njengezinombolo ezifana no-100, 200, 400 futhi angasukela ku-50 kuye phezulu aze afike ku-12800 noma ngaphezulu kuye ngekhamera. Izilungiselelo ze-ISO zithinta ukukhanya kwezithombe zakho kanye nenani lomsindo ozoba nalo kuzo. Ake sihlolisise ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

• I-ISO imele i-International Organisation for Standardization
• Izilungiselelo ze-ISO zithinta ukukhanya kwezithombe zakho kanye nenani lomsindo ozoba nalo kuzo

1. Amazinga e-ISO ngokuvamile akhonjiswa njengezinombolo ezifana no-100, 200, 400 futhi angasukela ku-50 kuye phezulu aze afike ku-12800 noma ngaphezulu kuye ngekhamera.
2. Ake sihlolisise ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

Incazelo ye-ISO

ISO, okusho ukuthi i-International Organization for Standardization, iyinkomba yezinombolo yokuzwela kwekhamera ekukhanyeni. Lapho inombolo ye-ISO iphezulu, ikhamera iba nokuzwela kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule i-dimmer Ukukhanyisa izimo. Uma uthwebula ezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya ngekhamera yedijithali, kubalulekile ukukhetha isilungiselelo esilungile se-ISO ukuze uthwebule izithombe zekhwalithi.

Lapho ukhetha isethingi ye-ISO yekhamera yakho kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele:

• Hlobo luni lokukhanya oludubulayo futhi olwenziwayo noma lwemvelo?
• Udinga eyakho ngokushesha kangakanani isivinini se-shutter (isikhathi isivalo sakho esizohlala sivuliwe) esizoba yiso?
• Ungakanani umsindo (ubuhlalu obubangelwa ukwanda kokuzwela kwenzwa yesithombe) ongabubekezelela kuzilungiselelo ezimnyama?

Zonke lezi zici kufanele zikalwe ngaphambi kokukhetha isethingi.

Ububanzi obujwayelekile bezilungiselelo ze-ISO ezisetshenziswa kakhulu buphakathi kuka-100 no-200. Ukwenyusa i-ISO yakho ngale kwalolu banga kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izilungiselelo zokukhanya okuphansi kodwa kungengeza umsindo obonakalayo noma ubuhlalu ngakho ngokuvamile kufanele kwenziwe kuphela uma kunesidingo. Lapho uthwebula ungaphandle elangeni elikhanyayo noma izigcawu ezikhanya kahle zasendlini ezinokukhanya okwanele futhi azikho izikhombisi-ndlela ezishintshayo lapho-ke kungcono kakhulu ukugcina i-ISO yakho isezingeni layo eliyisisekelo elivame ukuba ngu-100 noma ngaphansi kuye ngokwenziwa nemodeli yekhamera yakho. Kubalulekile ukuthi abenzi bamafilimu nabathwebuli bezithombe bakhululeke ukusebenzisa amakhamera abo kuma-ISO ahlukene njengoba lokhu kuzobavumela ukuthi bathole imiphumela emihle ngisho nalapho bebhekene nezimo eziyinselele zokukhanyisa njengemishado noma imicimbi yezemidlalo.

I-ISO Ikuthinta Kanjani Ukuchayeka

Emhlabeni wezithombe zedijithali, ISO isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukuthi ikhamera izwela kangakanani ekukhanyeni. Igama ekuqaleni lalibhekisela kumakhamera efilimu, ayesebenza ngesimiso esifanayo — ancike ekuzweleni kongqimba lwefilimu oluzwelayo, noma i-emulsion, ukukhulisa ukuchayeka nokukhiqiza isithombe.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zichaza ukuthi i-ISO ikuthinta kanjani ukuchayeka kwamakhamera edijithali:

1. Imitha yokukhanya yekhamera ifunda ukukhanya okutholakalayo endaweni bese isetha isisekelo ISO inani.
2. Ngokulungisa i- ISO phezulu noma phansi kusuka kulokhu kufunda okuyisisekelo, ungafinyelela amazinga ahlukahlukene wokuchayeka esithombeni sakho.
3. Ukwandisa i- ISO izokuvumela ukuthi uthathe isithombe esinokukhanya okuncane kunalokho obekuzodingeka endaweni ephansi ISO value — ikunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kwendawo yakho yokukhanyisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela njengokwenyusa isivinini se-shutter noma ukuvula indawo yakho yokungena ngaphezu kwalokho obukufisa.
4. Ukungezelela kwakho ISO ukuphakama kakhulu kuzoholela ekuhlangeni nomsindo emfanekisweni wakho; ngokuphambene, ukuyehlisa kakhulu kungaveza ishothi elingaveziwe elinemininingwane emincane noma umehluko emithunzini nokugqamile ngokufanayo. Kubalulekile ukuthola 'indawo emnandi' yemodeli yakho yekhamera ngokusekelwe kwendabuko yayo ISO izilungiselelo ngokumelene namakhono amalensi kanye namazinga okukhanya okuzungezile akhona ngenkathi uthwebula isithombe.

Empeleni, ukuthola leyo ndawo emnandi kumayelana nokuzuza ukulingana okuhle phakathi komsindo omncane nokuchayeka okwanele - ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yonke imininingwane esesithombeni ibukhali ngendlela ofisa ngayo ngaphandle kokudela amaleveli okukhanya kanye nemininingwane yethunzi engalahleka ngaphezulu Ama-ISO noma ephansi ama-lens ingadinga ukuhlolwa kwesilingo nephutha ngezilungiselelo ezihlukile; ngenhlanhla ama-DSLR esimanje anikezela nge-latitude eyanele uma kuziwa ngamakhono awo okumitha athuthuke kakhulu ngakho-ke ngeke ushiywe ufuna izinketho!

I-ISO kumakhamera wedijithali

ISO imele i-International Organization for Standardization futhi iyisilinganiso sokuzwela kwenzwa yesithombe kukhamera yedijithali. Njengoba i-ISO iyisilinganiso sokuzwela, ingathinta inani lokukhanya elithwetshulwa yikhamera yakho lapho ithatha isithombe. Ukwazi ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani futhi ulungise i-ISO kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole izithombe ezinhle noma ngabe isimo sokukhanyisa siyini. Ake sibheke ezinye izici ze-ISO:

• Isivinini se-ISO
• Ibanga le-ISO
• Izilungiselelo ze-ISO

Uyilungisa kanjani i-ISO kumakhamera wedijithali

ISO, noma i-International Standards Organization, iwuhlelo lokulinganisa izinombolo olusetshenziselwa ukukala ukuzwela ekukhanyeni. Ngokuvamile, izinombolo eziphansi (50-125) zizokhiqiza izithombe ezikhanyayo ezinohlamvu oluncane nomsindo. Njengoba izinombolo zikhula ziba ngamakhulu nezinkulungwane, izithombe zizobonakala zimnyama kodwa zinemininingwane eyengeziwe. Isivinini esiphansi se-ISO esifana no-50 noma 100 ngokuvamile sigcinelwe ukudubula emini ecacile, kuyilapho ama-ISO aphezulu afana no-400 noma 800 angafanelekela izimo eziguqubele/zasendlini.

Uma ushutha ngedijithali ngekhamera yedijithali ye-SLR (i-DSLR) noma ikhamera engenasibuko, ukulungisa i-ISO yakho kuqondile kakhulu - vele ujike elinye lamafindo ayo noma uthephe imenyu yayo esesikrinini ukuze uthole izilungiselelo zakho zokuzwela ozifisayo. Ungakwazi futhi ukulawula i-ISO ngokwenza ngokuyimisa ngaphambi kweshothi ngayinye lapho uthatha izithombe imodi yezandla kuma-DSLR anosayizi ogcwele.

Uma kukhulunywa ngamakhamera edijithali khomba bese udubula, ungase ubone inkinobho ebhalwe ukuthi “ISO” eshintsha ukuthi ikhamera izwela kangakanani lapho uyicindezela. Ukuze ulungise i-ISO kulawa makhamera, mane ubambe le nkinobho kuze kuvele imenyu esesikrinini - ukusuka lapho ungazungeza izilungiselelo ezitholakalayo ze-ISO kuze kube yilapho uthola esebenzela isimo sakho samanje sesithombe.

• 50-125 - izithombe ezikhanyayo ezinohlamvu oluncane nomsindo
• 400-800 - ilungele izimo ezinamafu / zasendlini

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuwona wonke amakhamera edijithali ahlangene anesici sokulungiswa kwe-ISO - ngakho qiniseka ukuthi eyakho iyakwenza ngaphambi kokuzama ukulungisa ukuzwela kwayo!

Izinzuzo Zokulungisa I-ISO Kumakhamera Adijithali

Ukulungisa i- Isilungiselelo se-ISO kukhamera yakho yedijithali kungathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yezithombe zakho. Okuvame ukubizwa ngesivinini sefilimu, lesi silungiselelo sithinta indlela ikhamera ezwela ngayo lapho irekhoda ukukhanya. Ukusetha i-ISO ephakeme kuzokwenza ikhamera izwele kakhulu ekukhanyeni futhi ivumele isivinini sokuvala esisheshayo, kuyilapho i-ISO ephansi inyusa ikhwalithi yesithombe kodwa ingase idinge ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma ezinye izinyathelo ezinjengokukhanya okwengeziwe.

Ukusebenzisa i-ISO ephakeme ngokuvamile kusho ukwanda komsindo wedijithali esithombeni, kodwa ngamakhamera esimanje nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa umsindo lokhu kungancishiswa kakhulu uma izilungiselelo zicushwa ngendlela efanele. Ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yezilungiselelo zokuchayeka nokukhetha isilungiselelo se-ISO esifanele amakhono abalulekile anoma yimuphi umthwebuli wezithombe wedijithali.

Izinzuzo zokulungisa izilungiselelo ze-ISO zekhamera yakho yedijithali zihlanganisa:

• Isivinini se-shutter esisheshayo sokuthwebula amashothi wesenzo kanye ukunyakaza okuqandayo
• Ukucaca okuthuthukisiwe kwezithombe zokukhanya okuphansi ngokwandisa ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Ukuthatha izithombe okunesivinini esiphezulu okuthuthukisiwe njengokuthwebula isibhakabhaka ebusuku kanye imikhondo yenkanyezi
• Ukulawula okungcono ekujuleni kwenkambu lapho uthwebula izithombe noma uvala izithombe zemvelo

Isiphetho

ISO is a ukulungiselelwa kwekhamera yedijithali lokho kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukuzwela kwenzwa yekhamera yakho. Uma isilungiselelo se-ISO siphansi, ikhamera izoba nokuzwela kancane ekukhanyeni, futhi umsindo omncane ezowethula ezithombeni zakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izilungiselelo eziphakeme ze-ISO zizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni futhi zikuvumela ukuthi uthathe izithombe ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi ezinezikhathi zokuchayeka ezimfushane, kodwa ziholela emazingeni aphezulu omsindo.

Kubalulekile ukuhlola izilungiselelo ze-ISO futhi ufunde ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ngoba zidlala indima ebalulekile hhayi nje kuphela ekulawuleni ukuzwela kokukhanya kodwa futhi zikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe ngokusekelwe kusivinini sokuvala. Ngokuzijwayeza okuthile ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-ISO futhi ube nekhono ekusebenziseni imodi yezandla yekhamera yakho.

• Izilungiselelo eziphansi ze-ISO azizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni futhi zikhiqiza umsindo omncane.
• Izilungiselelo eziphakeme ze-ISO zizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni futhi zikuvumela ukuthi uthathe izithombe ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi ezinezikhathi zokuchayeka ezimfushane, kodwa ziholela kumazinga aphezulu omsindo.
• Izilungiselelo ze-ISO zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuzwela kokukhanya futhi zikuvumele ukuthi udale izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithombe.
• Ngokuzijwayeza, ungakwazi ukusebenzisa i-ISO futhi ube nekhono ekusebenziseni imodi yezandla yekhamera yakho.

Ukuphetha, ukwazi izilungiselelo ze-ISO kubalulekile ekuthatheni izithombe ezinhle. Ngokuzijwayeza nokuhlola okuthile, uzokwazi ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo ze-ISO ukuze udale izithombe ezinhle futhi ube nobuchule bokusebenzisa imodi eyenziwa ngesandla yekhamera yakho.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.