Ama-LUT: Iyini I-Colour Grading?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 27, 2022

Amathebula Wokubheka (Ama-LUT) iyithuluzi elinamandla ku umbala ukugreda kanye nevidiyo ukukhiqizwa ngemuva. Zikuvumela ukuthi wenze okubonakalayo okuhlukile futhi okuhle ngokushesha futhi kalula, ukuze umangaze izethameli zakho ngomphumela wokugcina obukeka njengochwepheshe ngendlela emangalisayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinto eziyisisekelo Ama-LUT, zisebenza kanjani, zingakwenzelani, nokuthi ungazisebenzisa kanjani ngokugcwele ezinhlelweni zakho.

• Izisekelo ze Ama-LUT
• Kanjani Ama-LUT umsebenzi
• Ini Ama-LUT angakwenzela khona
• Ukwenza okuningi Ama-LUT kumaphrojekthi akho

Incazelo yama-LUT

Amatafula okubheka (LUTs) ayithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlelwa kombala nokucubungula isithombe. I-LUT empeleni iyithebula ledatha elinikeza imiyalelo ethile yemibala yokuphuma kwevidiyo noma izinhlelo zokuhlela. Inqubo yokusebenzisa i-LUT ibizwa ngokuthi “I-3D LUT” elimele ithebula lokubheka lezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ivumela isithombe noma ividiyo ukuthi ilungiswe ngephimbo, ukugqama, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala, phakathi kwamanye amapharamitha amaningi ukuze ifane nokubukeka noma ibanga elithile.

I-3D LUT iyingxenye ebalulekile ye- ukuhlela ividiyo inqubo, ikakhulukazi uma ukulungiswa kombala okuphrofeshinali nokunemba kuzo zonke izibonisi eziningi kuyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingenza izinguquko ezicashile kumuzwa wonke wevidiyo ngenkathi igcina izici zayo zangempela - iyenze ibe ithuluzi eliphelele lokudala ifilimu eyenziwe isitayela ibheka amazinga aphezulu okuvumelana nokunemba. Imvamisa, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho i-3D Luts isetshenziswe ngempumelelo - ukukhiqizwa kokuthunyelwe futhi ukusakaza ukusakaza.

Emkhiqizweni wangemuva, ama-Luts angasetshenziswa ukulinganisela imibala kanye nokushuna ithoni yesikhumba kahle kanye nokukhanya okuzungezile kumashothi ngokushesha nangokunembile. Ngale ndlela abenzi bamafilimu bangakwazi ukuthola imiphumela engaguquki kuwo wonke amasethi amafilimu ahlukene ngesitayela esisodwa esisetshenziswa esigcawini ngasinye ngaphandle kokunaka imvelo noma okokusebenza okusetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abenzi bamafilimu bangakwazi futhi ukudala imiphumela eyingqayizivele yokudweba ipensela ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu ngokuhlanganisa amasethi enziwe ngaphambilini e-3D lut makeup nemisebenzi yokudala efana nama-vignette namashifu ombala asetshenziswa phezu kwawo.

Ukusakazwa kokusakaza kusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafilimu ajwayelekile kuphela kodwa nezikhangisi -lapho ukuba nokulawula okwengeziwe imibala kungaba yinzuzo ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yobuhle. Lapha i-3dLuts yenza kube nokwenzeka ngabakhiqizi ukuthi baqinisekise imibala eyisisekelo enembile kukho konke ukudubula -umbala wesikhumba njll., iqinisekisa ukuthi konke okuqukethwe okusakazwayo kuhambisana nezindinganiso zomkhakha ukuze ababukeli babone kuphela izithombe ezilinganiswe kakhulu ezikrinini ezihlukene ezitholakala kalula kumadivayisi abo ane-software efana I-DaVinci Resolve15 njll.:

• Ukukhiqizwa Kweposi
• Sakaza Ukusakaza
• I-DaVinci Resolve15

Indlela Ama-LUT Asebenza Ngayo

Bheka phezulu Amathebula (Ama-LUT) ayithuluzi eliwusizo ngendlela emangalisayo elisetshenziswa ekugrengeni imibala. Basiza ukumisa amanani emibala ehlukene ukuze okokufaka okuqondile okufakile ohlelweni kube yilokho okuphuma ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ama-LUT asetshenziswa ekuhambeni komsebenzi okuningi okuhlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekukhiqizweni okubonakalayo kuye ekuhleleni ukugeleza komsebenzi kwangemuva kokukhiqiza.

Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ukuthi kanjani Ama-LUT umsebenzi kanye nendlela angasetshenziswa ngayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungaguquguquki ekufakweni kombala:

1. Kanjani Ama-LUT zisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwangemuva kokukhiqiza
2. Indlela yokufaka isicelo Ama-LUT ekufakweni kombala
3. Ungayakha kanjani Ama-LUT kumaphrojekthi athile okugreda imibala

Ukuqonda Isikhala Sombala

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini a Bheka Ithebula Eliphezulu (LUT) nokuthi isebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ube nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kwe isikhala sombala. Ubukhulu obuthathu besikhala sombala Hue, Saturation futhi iLuminance. I-Hue isho isici sombala esihlonza umbala wawo noma umthunzi njengokubomvu, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okuluhlaza. Ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kubhekisela ekutheni umbala uqine kangakanani noma ugqame kangakanani kuyilapho ukukhanya kunquma ukuthi umbala ubonakala kanjani esibonisini sethu.

Ezithombeni zedijithali, iphikseli ngayinye iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nayo Hue, Saturation futhi iLuminance amanani. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuhlela amavidiyo ukuze kuboniswe imibala enembile kumonitha noma kumabonakude. Ama-LUT bayakwazi ukushintsha lolu lwazi ukuze baguqule izici ezithile zokubukeka kwesithombe sisonke – ngokuvamile ngokulungisa ubukhulu obubodwa noma ngaphezulu kokuthathu esikhaleni sombala (Hue, Saturation futhi iLuminance).

A LULA ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene - kusukela ekuguquleni izinga lokungafani nengqikithi yesithombe kuye ekwenzeni izinguquko ezicashile noma izinguquko ezimangalisayo kumathoni athile ngaphakathi kwesithombe ukuze udale ukubukeka okunesitayela. Isibonelo, uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, Ama-LUT yenza amathoni esikhumba abonakale ethambile ngenkathi ukhulisa umehluko phakathi kwemibala ehlukahlukene nokugcwala kwesikhala - ukunikeza umkhiqizo wokugcina umuzwa ohluke ngokuphelele kunalapho uqala ngezithombe zakho eziyisicaba.

Ukuqonda i-Color Gamut

I-gamut yombala (eyaziwa nangokuthi isikhala sepharamitha) ibhekisela ebangeni lemibala engakhiqizwa phakathi komongo othize, njengevidiyo noma ukuphrinta.

Bheka Amathebula (LUTs) asetshenziswa ekubangeni umbala ukuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi amele ngokunembile ama-spectrum okukhanya futhi akhiphe ukubukeka okufanayo kwamanye amasistimu wokubonisa ahambisanayo noma ama-projection.

Empeleni, i-Look Up Table (LUT) iwushintsho lwezibalo olugcinwe njengezinombolo eziningi. Ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi 'i-colour grading', '3D LUTs' noma 'cube LUTs'. Lapho umbala uhlelwa ngama-LUT, abahleli nochwepheshe bagcina ngokunembile kokubili amanani abo okufaka nawokukhiphayo, okubavumela ukuthi benze isithombe esibukeka sifana ncamashi noma ngabe basebenza nge-analog noma imifanekiso yedijithali, ku-Final Cut Pro X, i-Adobe Premier. noma i-DaVinci Resolve.

Ukuhamba komsebenzi okusekelwe ku-LUT kwenza ukugeleza komsebenzi kusheshe, kunembe kakhudlwana futhi kusebenze kahle. Ngokugeleza komsebenzi wokulinganisa umbala ongokwesiko, kufanele ulungise inani lombala ngalinye ngokuhlukile ngaphandle kokunemba. Ngokugeleza komsebenzi okusekelwe ku-LUT, kulula kubahleli nezingcweti ngokufanayo ukusebenzisa izinguquko zemibala ezingaguquki kuwo wonke amashothi amaningi ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Ukuze le nqubo yenzeke ngempumelelo idinga ukuthi wonke amadivaysi asebenzise indinganiso yombala ofanayo - ngokuvamile I-Rec 709 kodwa futhi I-DCI-P3 kwezinye izinhlobo zekhamera yedijithali - lapho ugcina ulwazi mayelana nezikhala zemibala ukuze imibala esuka kudivayisi eyodwa ikwazi ukuhanjiswa ngokunembile kwenye ngaphandle kwamaphutha enzeka kunqubo yokudlulisa.

Izinhlobo zama-LUT

Ama-LUT (Bheka Amathebula) asetshenziswa ekufakweni kombala ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kuthuthukiswe amavidiyo. Ukufeza lokhu, ama-LUT aguqula amanani athile ombala nokukhanya esithombeni ukuze enze umphumela oyifunayo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zama-LUT eziklanyelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokulungiswa kombala. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-LUT nokusetshenziswa kwawo:

• Ngena ku-Linear - Lolu hlobo lwe-LUT lusetshenziselwa ukuguqula izithombe ze-logarithmic zibe isikhala sombala omugqa. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izithombe zelogi ezivela kumakhamera edijithali.
• Creative - Ama-LUT e-Creative asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka nomuzwa wezithombe ngokushintsha imibala nokugqama. Ingangeza umuzwa wesinema ezithombeni.
• Ukubuyekeza 709 - Ama-Rec709 LUT asetshenziselwa ukuguqula izithombe zibe isikhala sombala we-Rec709. Lokhu kusetshenziswa uma okuqoshiwe kudinga ukufanisa isikhala sombala semonitha yevidiyo.
• Ukulinganisa - I-Calibration LUTs isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izithombe endaweni ethile yombala. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukufeza ukubukeka okufanayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezithombe.

Faka ama-LUT

Faka ama-LUT amathebula abheka imibala avumela abahleli bevidiyo nezithombe ukuthi bafane nezithombe ezivela kumakhamera ahlukene. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukunemba kombala nokungaguquguquki phakathi kwamakhamera anamagamu anemibala ehlukene noma amaphrosesa. Ama-Log LUT aphinde asetshenziswe ukwenza i-toning yesitayela, ngokuvamile enokubukeka kwesinema.

Uma usebenzisa ama-log LUTs, kubalulekile ukuwasebenzisa kahle, ngoba ngeke “alungise” izinkinga zesithombe esingadutshulwanga kahle. Ama-Log-LUT ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekupheleni kwenqubo yokuhlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela enembe kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zama-Log LUTs:

• Ilogi Ejwayelekile: Ilogi evamile ye-LUT isetshenziselwa ukufanisa uhlobo lwekhamera ekhethiwe/amaphrofayela kanye nokuchayeka kwe-transformor ibe yifomethi eyodwa evamile. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe eziningi zekhamera ukuthi zibonakale zifana nokusekela ukubukeka kokugcina okuhlangene. Umgomo ukuzuza 'ukubukeka okukodwa' kuwo wonke amavidiyo, ngaphandle kokunaka ikhamera yayo yoqobo noma uhlobo lokucubungula (okungukuthi, Blackmagic vs RED).
• Ilogi Yokudala: Ilogi yobuciko I-LUTS igxile ekunikezeni imiphumela ethile uma isetshenziswa kuvidiyo/ezithombeni ezinjengokugqama okuhle kwesithombe nokususa ukubukeka kwe-gradient okudalwe irekhoda/ikhamera ethile. Ingakwazi ngisho nokudala ukubukeka okungavamile okusetshenziselwa isiqondiso sobuciko noma ukushintsha umuzwa jikelele weziqeshana ezithile ezigqamayo kuyo yonke iphrojekthi yakho ngokusekelwe kusimo sengqondo noma umuzwa - njengokwenza ukubukeka 'okukhazimulayo' okudumile ochungechungeni olufana ne-Stranger Things, Westworld kanye eminye imibukiso yesayensi yezinganekwane/yamaphupho.

Ama-LUT okudala

Ama-LUT okudala zisetshenziselwa ukwengeza izinguquko zethoni nokubukeka okunesitayela ezithombeni. Bangakwazi ukushintsha ukubukeka kombala ngezindlela eziningi, njengokwenza ihaba amathoni athile noma ukugcwalisa ububanzi obuthile besithombe. I-Creative LUT's ingasetshenziswa ukuzuza izitayela zakudala, imiphumela yefilimu ye-analog noma ukuguqulwa okumnyama nokumhlophe. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-Creative LUTs zifaka:

• I-Cross Processing LUTs: Lawa ma-LUT aphinda indlela ye-darkroom yokucubungula ifilimu lapho kusetshenziswa ikhemistri engalungile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ifilimu ephumela emibaleni engeyona eyemvelo nokugqama okungajwayelekile.
• Imfashini/Ubuhle be-LUT: Lawa ma-LUT aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile amathoni esikhumba namashothi emfashini, athambise amathoni esikhumba aqinile aqinisekisa ukubukeka okufanayo kuzo zonke izinkundla zemidiya, kusukela kokuphrintiwe kuye kuwebhu namafomethi ezithombe ezinyakazayo.
• I-Split Tone & Duotone LUTs: Lawa mathuluzi okudala okugreda akuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imithi yokwelapha emibili ehlukene kumaleveli okukhanya ahlukene esithombeni ukuze uthole ukujula okuphezulu nokulawula imininingwane.
• I-LUTs yokulingisa ye-Darkroom: Ngalokhu, ungakwazi ukulingisa ama-emulsions esitoko sefilimu adumile afana Nomnyama & Mhlophe ngokuhlukanisa izithombe ze-toning kanye nokuthuthukisa imininingwane ngamajika e-midtone noma ukubukeka okuhlukanisiwe.
• Amathebula e-Vintage Lookup (LUT): Ukudala kabusha lokho kubukeka kwesithonjana sakudala ngomuzwa we-vintage wangempela akukaze kube lula ukusebenzisa eyodwa yalawa mathebula e-Retro aphefumulelwe we-Vintage Lookup (LUT).

Ama-LUT Obuchwepheshe

Ama-LUT Obuchwepheshe dlula ukugreda kombala kanye nokujwayelekile. Lezi zinhlobo zama-LUT zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuba nomthelela othile futhi othize kwabaMnyama, Abamhlophe, Ubukhali noma i-Gamma. Lawa ma-LUT angasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa noma yiziphi izinkinga phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, njengokungafani kombala phakathi kwamakhamera ahlukene noma imithombo yokukhanya.

Isibonelo, a I-LUT yobuchwepheshe ingasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa abamnyama nabamhlophe kuwo wonke amakhamera amabili ahlukene ukuze uma ibukwa kusiqaphi esisodwa, ibukeke ingaguquki futhi ifana ngokwephimbo.

Ama-LUT Obuchwepheshe ingasetshenziselwa nemiphumela ekhethekile efana:

• Ukuthwebula izithombe ezishisayo ngokushintsha imibala emthunzini okudala umphumela ocishe ube yi-surreal.

Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa ama-LUT

I-LUTs (Bheka phezulu Amathebula) ayithuluzi elibalulekile lokufaka imibala embonini yokukhiqiza amafilimu namavidiyo angochwepheshe kanye nabangafundile. Banikeza indlela esheshayo, ephumelelayo, neqondile yokusebenzisa nokulawula ukulungiswa kombala kuphrojekthi yakho, kukusize ufinyelele ukubukeka okufunayo futhi uzizwe ngokushesha.

Kulesi sigaba, sizobheka izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ama-LUT nokuthi kungani ebaluleke kangaka enqubweni yokuhlela imibala:

• Ukulungisa umbala ngokushesha nangempumelelo
• Umbala ongaguquki kuwo wonke amashothi amaningi
• Kulula ukulungisa nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo
• Kulula ukusebenzisa kumaphrojekthi amakhulu

Ukuphumelela

Bheka amatafula (LUTs) hlinzeka abadwebi bombala abanobuciko ngezindlela eziphumelelayo, ezinembile nezithembekile zokulinganisa isigcawu noma ukudutshulwa. Ziwusizo kakhulu ekusizeni ukugcina umbala ongaguquki phakathi kwezithombe ezimbili noma izigcawu, ngisho noma zidutshulwe kumakhamera ahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa i-LUT ekhiqizwe ngaphambilini, ungakwazi ukuqalisa ngokushesha ngebanga lakho lonke bese ulilungisa ngokuqhubekayo njengoba kudingeka.

Ama-LUT futhi kusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi esichithwa kuphrojekthi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa noma iyiphi ikhwalithi yayo ngokuvumela umbala ukuthi acubungule amashothi ambalwa ngesikhathi esisodwa esikhundleni sokukodwa. Banikeza ukulawula okuphezulu phezu kokubukeka kokugcina nethoni yakho konke ukulandelana ukuze ifremu ngayinye ibonakale ifana futhi ijabulisa ngobuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-LUT angahlinzeka ngezithuthukisi ezicashile kuwo wonke amashothi ngokungeza amanani amancane okugqama, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala, noma ukukhanya lapho kudingeka khona, okungenzeka kungenzeki lapho ulungisa amafreyimu ngamanye mathupha.

• Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-LUTs:
  • Ngokushesha qalisa ngebanga lakho lonke
  • Yehlisa isikhathi esichithwa kuphrojekthi
  • Ukulawula okuphezulu kokubukeka kokugcina kanye nethoni yakho konke ukulandelana
  • Izithuthukisi ezicashile kuwo wonke amashothi
  • Bheka ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuhlelwa kombala okusekelwe kwizibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi
  • Siza ukulungisa izinkinga ezifana nokufakwa kombala ngaphandle kokuthi ulungise amapharamitha amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa

ukungaguquguquki

Uma usebenzisa ama-Look Up Tables (LUTs) ekugrengeni imibala, inani lesikhathi esidingekayo sokwenza izinguquko kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi sehla kakhulu. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuhambeni komsebenzi okusheshayo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukala isithombe noma ukulandelana kwezithombe ngendlela efanayo Ama-LUT, uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko ozenzile kuyo yonke iphrojekthi zihlala zifana. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqinisekise izinga eliphezulu lokuvumelana nokunemba phakathi kweshothi ngayinye futhi kusiza ukugcina ukubukeka okuphelele nokuzwakala kuzo zonke izithombe, esikhundleni sokuba nakho kuyo yonke indawo. Ukungaguquguquki lapho ukugreda kombala kuyinto ukhiye ekwedluliseni umlayezo olungile kanye nokuxoxa indaba yakho ngendlela efanele.

Quality

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa Bheka Phezulu Amathebula (LUTs) uma ukugreda kombala kuyikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe yezithombe. Okokuqala nje, ama-LUT anembe kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela ngoba enza yonke inqubo ibe lula ngokugxila kusayensi nezibalo ezihlelwe ngaphambilini. Ngama-algorithms ekhompuyutha kanye nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo esekelwe kumaphethini athile namazinga ombala, abasebenzisi bangazuza ekuhleleni imibala okusebenzayo okukhiqiza imiphumela engaguquki. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lekhwalithi kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi—ikakhulukazi njengoba sincane indawo yamaphutha afana nokungafani kwamathoni esikhumba noma ukufaniswa kombala okungalungile kuzigcawu ezithile.

Esinye isici sekhwalithi sihlobene nesivinini nokusebenza kahle okuhlobene nama-LUT. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zemanuwali ezifana ijika or abahleli okudinga isikhathi esiningi sokunquma amaphuzu, amazinga, izilinganiso kanye nezinye izici ezihlobene nokudubula ngakunye (ukuthatha izinsiza ezibalulekile), ukusebenzisa i-LUT kunikeza abasebenzisi umkhawulo wejubane okusiza ukunciphisa izindleko ngokunciphisa isikhathi somsebenzi esidingekayo kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo efana nale ihlinzeka abasebenzisi ngemiphumela enembile ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu—kuhle kakhulu ngokudubula ohlelweni oluqinile noma ukumane uqinisekise ukuthi izinsuku ezibekiwe zifinyelelwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ama-LUT ayithuluzi elibalulekile labadwebi bemibala ngokudala ukugreda kombala kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi namakhamera. Ngokukwazi ukufanisa imibala ngokusebenzisa imephu ye-gamut kanye HDR, ama-LUT ahlinzeka ngemiphumela ethembekile ngokushesha. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babo obunamandla nobusebenzayo, noma iluphi uhlobo lokuhamba komsebenzi lunikwa amandla ngemibala ecebile kanye nezikhala ezinemibala enembile. Ngolwazi olulungile, ukubonakaliswa kokubukwayo kwabanemibala kungaba ngaphezulu Okuqinile kunanini ngaphambili.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.