Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular: Kuyini Futhi Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zamamojula Esofthiwe

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 6, 2022

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kuyindlela yokuhlela ikhodi ibe izingcezu eziqukethwe ngokwazo ezinezixhumanisi ezichazwe ngokucacile.

Ivumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bakhe ngokushesha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithembekile nezilula ukuzinakekela. Ukuhlelwa kwe-modular nakho kunciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi bekhodi, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa iphutha nokulungisa.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngomqondo wokuhlelwa kwe-modular kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amamojula wesofthiwe.

Incazelo ye-Modular Programming

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe egxile ekuhlukaniseni ikhodi ibe izingxenye eziqukethwe ngokwazo nezishintshashintshayo ezaziwa ngokuthi amamojula noma imitapo yolwazi. Imojuli ngayinye iqukethe inani elincane lekhodi elidingekayo ukuze kufezwe umsebenzi othile, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwekhodi ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nakuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi ibe amamojula ahlanganiswe ngokukhululekile, izingxenye ngazinye zingathuthukiswa ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izingxenye zesistimu. Lokhu kwenza ukuhlela kwe-modular kudume ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi lapho izinguquko zidinga ukwenzeka ngokushesha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma uma ukubambisana konjiniyela abaningi kuyadingeka.

Izinzuzo ze-modular programming ziningi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okukhangayo emaqenjini amaningi okuthuthukisa. Kokunye, kuvame ukwenza ikhodi ibe lula kakhulu ukuyifunda nokuyigcina ngoba yonke imisebenzi ehlobene ihlelwa ndawonye endaweni eyodwa. Amamojula aphinde axazulule izinselele ezivamile zokuthuthukiswa ezifana nokwenza inguqulo nokusabalalisa njengoba imojuli ngayinye inenombolo yayo yenguqulo engalandelelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe. Amamojula aklanywe ngokuguquguquka engqondweni - ngakho lapho kwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa noma izici zengezwa, imojuli ethintekile kuphela edinga ukushintshwa esikhundleni sokuphinda kubhalwe amakhodi amakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Okokugcina, ukusebenzisa amamojula kusheshisa imigqa yesikhathi yamaphrojekthi njengoba izixazululo ezikhona zivame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho kudala yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni.

Izinzuzo ze-Modular Programming

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kuyindlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ebandakanya ukuhlukanisa ikhodi ibe amamojula ahlukene nazimele. Amamojula enziwe ngezinto ezingazodwana, ezincane ezingasetshenziswa, ziphinde zisetshenziswe, zilungiswe noma zicinywe kalula. Izinzuzo, noma izinzuzo zale ndlela zisukela ekufundekeni kwekhodi okuthuthukisiwe kuye ezingeni eliphakeme lokukala, ukuhloleka kanye nokuba nokwenzeka.

Ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi ibe amamojula ahlukene, ukuhlela kwe-modular kwenza inqubo yokulungisa iphutha ibe lula ngoba iyunithi ngayinye ehlukene isebenza ngokuzimele kwezinye. Lokhu kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bakhombe amaphutha angaba khona ngokushesha nakalula njengoba egxile endaweni eyodwa. Amamojula aphinde akhuthaze ukusebenzisana kweqembu ngokunikeza izici ezihlukene zephrojekthi kumalungu ahlukene; lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhamba komsebenzi okusebenzayo kanye nezinga elisheshayo lokulethwa.

Enye inzuzo ye-modular programming ilele ekhonweni layo lokuphinda lisetshenziswe; izingxenye zingasetshenziswa futhi kwamanye amaphrojekthi ngomzamo wokunciphisa isikhathi sokubhala amakhodi nomzamo wamaphrojekthi amaningi adinga izinhlobo ezifanayo zokusebenza. Lokhu kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane njengoba sekukhona kakade ikhodi ehloliwe engasetshenziswa kwenye indawo - ukuhlela imojuli ekhona esikhundleni sokubhala entsha ngokuphelele kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuvamile kudinga umzamo omncane ngasohlangothini lukanjiniyela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngohlelo lwe-modular luza nokukala; ukwengeza izici ezintsha noma ukususa ezindala akusadingi ukubhalwa kabusha okunabile - mane uhlele noma ubuyisele lokho okudingeka kulungiswe ngaphakathi kwemojuli yayo bese uyixhumanisa namanye amamojula akhona futhi esikhundleni sokutshala isikhathi esengeziwe ubhala kabusha yonke into futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa amamojula kuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa - abathuthukisi bangakha phezu kweyunithi ngayinye ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi izozithinta kanjani ezinye izingxenye phakathi nezigaba zokuhlola noma ukuphindaphinda.
Sekukonke, odokotela abasebenzisa le paradigm bayazuza ezikhathini ezimfushane zokuthuthuka kuyilapho beqinisekisa uhlelo ukusebenza kahle, ukwethembeka kanye nokwandiswa ngokusebenzisa ama-clumps achazwe kahle (amamojula) noma amayunithi angawodwana ahlangana ndawonye ukuze akhe uhlelo/uhlelo lokusebenza lulonke.

Izinzuzo ze-Modular Programming

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kuwuhlobo lohlelo olugxile ekwephuleni inkinga enkulu, eyinkimbinkimbi ibe izingxenye ezincane, ezilawulekayo. Ivumela abahleli bohlelo ukuthi bahlukanise amakhodi abo abe amamojula amancane, azimele angashintshwa, ashintshwe, aphinde asetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuthi baphendukele ekubhaleni kabusha lonke uhlelo. Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezinhlelweni ze-modular, okuhlanganisa ukukala okungcono nokugcinwa kulula. Ake sihlole lezi zinzuzo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukulungisa Kalula

Ukugcina ucezu lwesofthiwe olwakhiwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-modular kulula kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcina ikhodi engeyona ye-modular. Uma ucezu lwekhodi lubhalwa ngendlela eyi-modular, iyunithi ngayinye inesibopho sokwenza umsebenzi othile othize, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga nokususa iphutha. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lamacala okuhlola adinga ukuqhutshwa, okungasiza ekongeni isikhathi nemali lapho kubhekwana nokulungiswa kwesofthiwe nokuthuthukiswa.

Ngokungeziwe kulokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa kabusha imisebenzi edalwe ngaphakathi kwawo, njengoba ngokuvamile angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi noma ezimeni esikhundleni sokudinga ukuphindwa kabili isikhathi ngasinye lapho edingeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umsebenzi omncane wokubhala amakhodi udinga ukwenziwa njengoba yonke imisebenzi ingakopishelwa kwezinye izingcezu zekhodi uma kunesidingo.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-modular nakho kuziboleka kahle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wokubhala amakhodi weqembu njengoba amalungu ahlukene ekwazi ukucosha kalula amamojula ahlukene futhi asebenze kuwo ngamunye ngaphambi kokuba ekugcineni ahlanganiswe ndawonye abe umkhiqizo wokugcina elinye ilungu noma umsebenzi. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe eziyinkimbinkimbi noma amawebhusayithi ukuthi akheke ngokushesha ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yimuphi umklami oyedwa onolwazi lwe-encyclopedic kuzo zonke izici zekhodi ezihilelekile kuphrojekthi.

Ukufundeka Okuthuthukisiwe

Ngokuhlanganisa idatha, ukuhlela kwe-modular kukhulisa ukufundeka kwekhodi yomthombo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi noma yiluphi ulwazi olungadingekile kanye nekhodi kufakwa kumojula engabhekisela kuyo esikhundleni sokufakwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uma idatha noma izingcezu ezithile zekhodi zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuyo yonke iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa, ukuhlela kwe-modular kukhuthaza onjiniyela ukuthi bazihlukanise zibe imisebenzi eyenza kube lula ukuyiqonda futhi kusheshe ukuyihlela uma kudingeka.

Ukuhlelwa kwe-modular kukhulisa ukufundeka nangenye indlela. Ukugcina ikhodi ngendlela ehlukile kungavumela amalebula acaciswe kakhulu nezincazelo lapho ubhekisela ezigabeni zekhodibase yephrojekthi. Ngokuhlukanisa iphrojekthi ibe amamojula angasebenziseka kabusha alebulwe ngencazelo umuntu angathola ngokushesha izigaba ezithile ngaphandle kokudinga ukufunda ngemigqa eminingi noma wonke amafayela eziyalezo zokubhala amakhodi abstracted. Isibonelo, uma unemojula yokuphatha idatha, ungase uyiqambe ngokuthi “dataHandling” ukuze wazi ukuthi izobhekisela ini ngaphambi kokuthi uyifake phakathi kwendawo yakho yokusebenza yokurekhoda. Ukucaca okunjalo kusiza abanye onjiniyela baqonde ngokushesha ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani lapho kufundwa futhi kuzulazula ngekhodi yomthombo ethuthukisa ukusebenziseka kwesofthiwe kukho konke ukuphila kwayo.

Ukwenyuka Ukusebenziseka Kabusha

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuhlelwa kwe-modular ukukhuphuka kokusebenziseka kabusha. Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imisebenzi eyisisekelo yohlelo futhi uyisebenzise kwezinye izinhlelo eziningi. Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe lapho wakha izixazululo zesofthiwe entsha njengoba ungakha izinhlelo ngokushesha futhi ubize ngempumelelo.

Amamojula amayunithi azimele, okusho ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko kwenye ngeke zithinte amanye amamojula, inqobo nje uma iklanywe kahle. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukubambisana konjiniyela, njengoba amaqembu ahlukene angasebenza kumamojula ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisana nomsebenzi womunye nomunye. Iphinde yehlise amathuba okuthi iziphazamisi zingeniswe ohlelweni ngokunika amandla onjiniyela ukuthi bagxile ezintweni ezingazodwana ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngezinkinga ezingahlosiwe ezingena ku-codebase yabo.

Ukusebenziseka kabusha kwekhodi okuhlinzekwe ukuhlelwa kwe-modular nakho kuvumela izikhathi zokuthuthukiswa ezingaguquki kanye nemiphumela yephrojekthi ebikezelwe, njengoba abathuthukisi bengakwazi ukudonsa kumakhodi asevele ekhona ukuze bakhe isofthiwe entsha. Ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, amaqembu okuthuthukisa angakhuphula ukukhiqiza kwawo wonke futhi onge amahora abalulekile weminye imisebenzi noma amaphrojekthi.

Ikhwalithi Yekhodi Ethuthukisiwe

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, kodwa evame ukugqama kakhulu ikhwalithi yekhodi ethuthukisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa amamojula, ikhodi ingabhalwa ngendlela ehlelekile nehlelekile, okwenza ikhodi iqondeke futhi ifundwe kalula. Ikakhulukazi, uma kuhlanganiswe nokuphawula okufanele kwekhodi, ukuhlela kwe-modular kwenza kube lula ukubuyekeza nokususa amaphutha izinhlelo ezikhona njengoba zibhalwe kangcono. Ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula futhi kuqeda ukubhala ngekhodi okungafuneki okungasiza ukuvimbela iziphazamisi ukuthi zenzeke njengoba kuzoba nenguqulo eyodwa kuphela yomsebenzi othize osetshenziswa kulo lonke uhlelo. Ukubhala imisebenzi emincane enezibopho ezicacile zomuntu ngamunye futhi kunciphisa inani lamaphutha angeniswa ohlelweni lapho izinhlelo ezinkulu zihlelwa kabusha ngenxa yezinguquko ezidingweni noma iziphazamisi ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Sekukonke, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwekhodi kuvumela ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside nokongiwa kwezindleko zamaphrojekthi kanye nemiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu yabasebenzisi bokugcina.

Ubunzima obuncishisiwe

Ukusebenzisa i-modular programming kunganciphisa ubunkimbinkimbi bokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ngokuyihlukanisa ibe izingxenye ezihlukene. Ingxenye ngayinye iba imojuli ohlelweni, emele isethi ezimele yemiyalo engahlolwa futhi ihlolwe kalula. Lokhu kusiza onjiniyela baqonde kangcono inkinga futhi bagxile engxenyeni eyodwa ngesikhathi, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa iphutha nokulungisa njengoba kudingeka. Ngokuhlukanisa inkinga ibe yiziqephu ezincane, onjiniyela bayakwazi ukusebenza ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana, okuvumela imijikelezo yokuthuthukisa esheshayo kanye nekhwalithi yekhodi ethuthukisiwe. Ukuhlelwa kwe-modular nakho kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwekhodi, lapho ingxenye eyodwa ingasetshenziswa kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi amaningi, konga isikhathi esibalulekile phakathi nemijikelezo yokuthuthukisa. Ukwengeza, ukuhlela kwe-modular kwenza kube lula ngamaqembu ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi futhi abambisane ngokuphumelelayo njengoba wonke umuntu esebenza “ngamamojula” akhe siqu esikhundleni sephrojekthi eyodwa nje eyabiwe.

Amasu Okuhlela Okujwayelekile Okujwayelekile

Ukuhlelwa kwe-Modular kuwuhlobo lwendlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe lapho ikhodi ihlukaniswa yaba izingxenye ezihlukile, ezizimele, ngayinye yenza umsebenzi wayo othize. Lolu hlobo lokuhlela luvumela ukugcinwa okulula nokuvumelana nezimo, njengoba izingxenye ezingazodwana zingasetshenziswa kabusha kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kulesi sigaba, sizocubungula izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-modular.

Uhlelo Oluhlelwe Ngenhloso

I-Object-oriented Programming (OOP) iwuhlobo lwesimanje lohlelo lwemodular olusebenzisa izinto ukuze luhlele ikhodi yomthombo futhi lunikeze indlela engasetshenziswa kabusha ekuthuthukisweni. Izinto ziqukethe imisebenzi nedatha, ezaziwa njengezibaluli, ezingase zihlanganyele zodwa ekwenzeni uhlelo. Inzuzo enkulu ye-OOP ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwekhodi; izinto zibhalwa kanye futhi zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni eziningi. Amasu ajwayelekile we-OOP afaka i-encapsulation, ifa kanye ne-polymorphism.

I-encapsulation ivumela izinto ukuthi zigcine idatha yazo ngokuphephile; lokhu kukhawulela ukufinyelela kusuka kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu. Esikhundleni sokushintsha okuguquguqukayo kwento ngokuqondile ngekhodi yangaphandle, i-encapsulation inikeza ukuxhumana okulawulwayo ngezindlela ezicacisiwe noma imisebenzi. Ifa livumela izinto ukuthi zithole izici entweni engumzali ngakho akudingeki ukuthi uhlale ubhala umsebenzi ofanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe. I-Polymorphism inikeza izinto ngezindlela ezifinyeleleka ngegama elifanayo kodwa ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile kuye ngokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani kuzimo ezithile ngaphakathi kohlelo.

Lawa amanye amasu esimanje ahlotshaniswa nezinhlelo ezigxile entweni; kukhona okunye okufana nokukhipha, i-modularity kanye ne-metaprogramming ekwenza kudume phakathi konjiniyela abafuna ukungaguquguquki ekwakhiweni kwesoftware.

Inqubo Yokuhlela

Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlelwa kwe-modular. Isebenzisa ukuhleleka okusuka phezulu, okusho ukuthi iqala ngokubuka kabanzi izinkinga bese izihlephula ngokwandayo. Ekuhlelweni kwenqubo, amamojula akhiwa ngezingcezu zekhodi ezifeza umsebenzi noma ezixazulula inkinga. Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo zithuthukiswa ngendlela yomugqa ngama-algorithms asetshenziswa ukuphatha inqubo ngayinye. Amamojula angasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi futhi esikhundleni sokuthi uphinde ubhale ikhodi efanayo futhi, izingxenye ezihlukene zekhodi zingabiza izici zemojuli evele ikhona njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu akugcini nje kuphela kongi isikhathi sokuthuthuka kodwa futhi kwenza ukulungisa iphutha nokugcinwa kube lula kakhulu kubathuthukisi.

Uhlelo olusebenzayo

Ukuhlela okusebenzayo kuyindlela ehlukanisa uhlelo lube imisebenzi. Imisebenzi izingcezu ezihlukile zekhodi ezithola okokufaka, zenze isenzo, futhi zibuyisele umphumela. Akukho ukushintsha kwezimo noma idatha ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlelo, okwenza kube lula ukuzihlola nokuzigcina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwenza amamojula asebenzayo abe lula ukulungisa iphutha kunamamojula amakhulu, njengoba kunezingxenye ezihambayo ezimbalwa kukhodi. Ngendlela ejwayelekile yokuhlela imiphumela ezinzile nethembekile ingafinyelelwa ngokushesha.

Uhlelo olusebenzayo luphinde lukhuthaze abathuthukisi ukuthi babheke izinkinga ngendlela "yokuthatha kuqala". Umhleli uqala ngokwakha imisebenzi enepharamitha abangayishintsha njengoba beqhubeka nomjikelezo wabo wokuthuthuka futhi becwenga izixazululo zabo. Le ndlela yokwenza kube lula ukwakha izingxenye ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi amaningi kanye nokusekela izimo eziningi ezahlukene ngaphandle kokudinga ukubhala kabusha ngokuphelele ikhodi kusukela ekuqaleni njalo.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukuhlelwa okusebenzayo kwe-modular software design kwenza izinhlelo zibe lula ukuhlola ngokuzihlephula zibe izingcezu ezincane, eziguquguqukayo njengoba ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yemisebenzi ehlukene, imijikelezo yokuthuthuka okusheshayo ngenxa yokugcinwa okuncane okudingekayo kwekhodi yohlelo, izingxenye ezisebenziseka kabusha ukuze akudingekile ukuthi udale amasha isikhathi ngasinye, futhi ekugcineni wandise ukusebenza ngokufanisa ukusebenza kwemisebenzi emicu eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa uma kudingeka.

Izinselelo Zokuhlelwa Kwe-Modular

Ukuhlelwa kwe-modular, noma ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi yokuhlela ibe amamojula amancane, kunesethi yako yezinselelo. Lezi zinselele zingase zihlanganise, kodwa azikhawulelwe, ukuqamba amagama, ukudala ukuxhumana phakathi kwamamojula, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imojuli ingasetshenziswa kabusha futhi ihlolwe ngendlela efanele. Ukuze udale uhlelo oluyimpumelelo, kufanele uqonde izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilelekile futhi udlule kulezi zinselele kalula. Ake sixoxe ngezinye zezinselelo ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne-modular programming.

Ukuhlukumeza

Ukususa iphutha kumamojula ahlukaniselwe indawo kungaba inselele enkulu. Ngenxa yokuthi isofthiwe ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningi, ukuhlola, ukuhlonza nokulungisa amaphutha ezingxenyeni ngazinye kungadla isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba izingxenye zidinga ukusebenzisana, kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi zonke izingxenye ezihambayo zihlangana kanjani.

Uma ikhodi yomthombo ibhalwe ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kozakwabo, ukulungisa iphutha kuzoba nzima kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi kunezindlela ezivamile zokususa amaphutha. Isibonelo, uma ukuhlela kwe-modular kuholela ekuphumeni okungafuneki kumamojula ahlukene okunzima ukuwasusa ngokuhlukana ngenxa yokuthembela kwezinye izingxenye, khona-ke izinguquko kufanele zenziwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesofthiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa noma azisoze zahlolwa ngokugcwele.

Esinye isici esingeza ubunzima phakathi nokulungisa iphutha le-modular ukulawulwa kwenguqulo ngoba izinguqulo ezintsha zihlala zikhishwa njengoba iziphazamisi zilungiswa futhi izinguquko ziyasetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukulandelela ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo yemojuli ngayinye esebenzayo okwamanje ukuze ikwazi ukubuyiselwa emuva uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlehla noma eminye imiphumela emibi engalindelekile ngenxa yekhodi yephutha. Kafushane, ukulungisa iphutha kwezinhlelo zemodyuli kudinga ukunakwa okukhulu emininingwaneni kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kuso sonke isigaba sokuthuthukiswa.

Testing

Amamojula esoftware ahlolwa ngokwehlukana ngaphambi kokuthi ahlanganiswe ohlelweni oluyinhloko. Le ndlela inenzuzo ikakhulukazi uma isistimu iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengoba isiza ukuhlonza noma imaphi amaphutha angase abe khona kumojula eyodwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukwenziwa kwezinye izingxenye zohlelo.

Amamojula okuhlola angadinga izinga elithile lobuchwepheshe futhi kunezinselele ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uzama ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okufanele, lawa maphutha angatholakali angaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwephutha futhi adale iziphazamisi ezinzima okungaba nzima ukuzibona nokuzilungisa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi kube nezimo zokuhlola ezithile ezitholakalayo kuwo wonke amamojula asabalalisiwe nakho konke ukuncika kwedatha phakathi kwawo ukuze kungenzeki ngonjiniyela ukuba baphule noma balungise ngephutha imojuli noma isakhiwo sedatha ngaphandle kokuqonda ukusebenza kwayo noma injongo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi abathuthukisi bakhombe noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ngokushesha okukhulu njengoba lokhu kungehlisa ubude besikhathi obudingekayo ukuze kulungiswe iphutha. Ukuhlola kufanele futhi kugxile ekusebenzeni, ukulinganisa, ukuphepha, ukuphatheka, ukusebenziseka kanye nezinsiza ezitholakalayo uma kunesidingo. Uma isistimu ithuthukiswe kahle ngohlelo lwemodular akufanele kube khona ukuncika okungalindelekile phakathi kwamamojula okungase kubangele ukungqubuzana noma ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemisebenzi ehlobene.

Amadokhumenti

Amamojula e-software adinga imibhalo ehambisanayo ukuchaza ukuthi imojuli isebenza kanjani nokuthi isebenzisana kanjani nezinye izingxenye zohlelo. Lokhu kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kudle isikhathi, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-codebase yakho ikhula. Yize izinqubo ezizenzakalelayo zingasiza, azikakwazi ukuthatha lonke ulwazi oludingekayo nokuqonda kwesofthiwe yakho. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wezandla onekhono uyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izingxenye zisebenzisana ngendlela efanele nokuthi abasebenzisi banemiyalo enemininingwane eyanele. Kubalulekile ukuthi amadokhumenti akho agcinwe esesikhathini samanje ukuze ugweme iziphazamisi ezibangelwa ulwazi olungalungile noma olungaphelele. Ukwengeza, ukufaka onjiniyela abasha kuphrojekthi kungase kudinge umzamo owengeziwe ngoba kufanele bajwayelane namamojula akhona esikhundleni sokugxila emsebenzini wabo omncane kuphela.

Ukuzethemba

Enye yezinselelo eziyinhloko ezihambisana nokusebenza kumaphrojekthi wokuhlela amamojula ukuncika. Akuvamile ukuthi imojuli idinge izakhiwo nezindlela ezivela kwenye imojuli ukuze isebenze kahle. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izinguquko ezenziwe ngaphakathi kwamanye amamojula zingangqubuzani namamojula akhona, noma ziphule amamojula ancike.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhlonza okufanele, ukuphathwa kanye nokuhlelwa kokuncika kuba semqoka lapho kwakhiwa isofthiwe. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwamalebula, omaka kanye nemibhalo efanele kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isici esisha ngasinye esingeziwe sibalwa phakathi kwawo wonke amanye amamojula ancikile.

Kumaphrojekthi abandakanya onjiniyela abaningi abasebenza ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ezithembele kuzo zonke, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuhlanganyelwe phakathi kwethimba ukuze kungabikho ukungezwani noma ukungqubuzana lapho kuhlanganisa ikhodi ndawonye. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma onjiniyela abahlukene besebenza ngokuhlukene kuzisekelo zekhodi ezisebenzisa ukuncika okwabiwe noma amalabhulali - njengoba zonke izinguquko kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokucophelela phakathi konjiniyela, futhi zihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kugwenywe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphazamiseke kumakhasimende.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ukuhlelwa kwe-modular kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi ama-software amakhulu. Empeleni kuwukuhlukaniswa kwekhodi ibe izingxenye ezihlukile, ezilawulekayo ezingasetshenzwa ngokuzimela futhi zisetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo lapho kwakhiwa ezinye izinhlelo. Ukuhlelwa kwe-modular kunezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu - kwenza ukulungisa iphutha nokugcinwa kube lula, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa, kwenza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kube lula, kukhuthaze ukubambisana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamakhodi, futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okufaka amakhodi enkundla ehlukene. Ngazo zonke izinzuzo zako, ukuhlela kwe-modular ngokuqinisekile kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho uklama iphrojekthi yakho yesofthiwe elandelayo.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.