Ilensi eyinhloko: Iyini Futhi Kufanele Uyisebenzise Nini

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 28, 2022

I-lens eyinhloko, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-prime, i-a ikhamera yekhamera enobude obugxilile obukodwa kuphela.

Ngokuphambene nelensi yokusondeza—enobude bokugxila obuguquguqukayo kanye nohlu lwezinketho phakathi—ilensi eyinhloko ngokuvamile inikeza ukucaca okuphakeme, amandla okuqoqa ukukhanya, ukuhlanekezela okuncane nokulawula ukuhlanekezela, izithombe ezibukhali, nokuningi. ukujula kwensimu kunozakwabo wokusondeza.

Okubi kumalensi aphambili ukuntula kwawo ukuguquguquka; kumele uhambise eyakho ikhamera ukuze usondeze ngaphandle nangaphakathi uma ukhetha ukushintsha ukwakheka noma ukwakheka kosayizi wesihloko ngaphakathi kohlaka. Ama-Prime lens alungele izinhlobo ezithile zokuthatha izithombe lapho ukuhwebelana okunjalo kungenziwa ngokuvuna ikhwalithi yesithombe. Abathwebuli bezithombe bendawo ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa ama-engeli abanzi ngomsebenzi wabo ngoba badinga indawo ebanzi yokubuka ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlanekezelwa kokubona noma ukuntula izithombe ezicwebezelayo. Abathwebuli bezithombe zezilwane zasendle ngakolunye uhlangothi angase akhethe isikhathi eside telephoto primes ezivumela ukuthi zithwebule izifundo ezikude ngemininingwane eyengeziwe.

Sekukonke, kubalulekile ukwazi isihloko sakho lapho unquma ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa noma cha i-lens eyinhloko; uma wenza ukuma ngobude noma ukuthwebula okujwayelekile okudinga ukugxila okunembayo kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe ephezulu lapho-ke ukukhetha esisodwa kungase kusize ekufanekiseni isithombe sonke. Kodwa-ke uma unezifundo ekuhambeni noma udinga ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe lapho ukhetha i-zoom lens kungase kuzifanele izidingo zakho.

Iyini I-Prime Lens?

I-lens eyinhloko iyilensi yobude obugxilile obugxilile engenawo amandla okusondeza. Ama-Prime lens ngokuvamile aba mancane, alula futhi acijile kunozakwabo wokusondeza, futhi akhiqiza izithombe ezicijile ngenxa yokukhanya kwawo. umklamo olula.

Ama-Prime lens ayisinqumo esihle sabathwebuli bezithombe abafuna ukuthwebula izithombe ezigqamile ngokujula okukhulu kwenkundla. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-prime lens, ukuthi zisetshenziswa nini, kanye ne izinzuzo abazinikezayo:

Izinzuzo zama-Prime Lens

Amalensi amakhulu zaziswa abathwebuli bezithombe ngoba zinikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe ephezulu futhi zivumela ukulawula okungaphezulu komphumela wezithombe. Ngokuvamile banayo a ubukhulu obukhulu ukuthambisa kunama-zoom aqhathanisekayo, okuwanika amandla amaningi okuqoqa ukukhanya nokuvumela isivinini se-shutter esisheshayo ezimeni eziphansi zokukhanya. Lawa ma-lens nawo avame ukuba ngaphezulu compact futhi engasindi kunozakwabo abasondezayo, okwenza kube lula ukuzithwala nokubamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bazo obugxilile obugxilile bukuphoqa ukuthi uqambe amashothi ngobuchule njengoba ungenayo inketho yokusondeza noma yokulungisa umbono wakho ngobude bokugxila obuhlukile.

Le nhlanganisela yezici yenza amalensi aphambili afaneleke kakhulu isithombe kanye nesithombe sokukhanya okuphansi kanye ne ama-close-ups noma ama-macro shots kudinga ukujula okwedlulele kwenkundla. Ama-lens amakhulu avame ukubhekwa njenge indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuthwebula izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu. Abathwebuli bezithombe abasebenzisa ama-primes nabo bangazuza ngokuba nobude bokugxila obuningana obuhlukene obutholakalayo ezimweni ezithile zokudubula, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokudala uma kufika isikhathi sokuthatha isithombe.

Ukungalungi kwama-Prime Lens

Ama-prime lens angaba utshalomali olumba eqolo njengoba esukela kumamodeli anentengo ephakathi ukuya kumalensi ekhwalithi abiza kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ngokuvamile anezindawo zokuvula ezihamba kancane ezinganciphisa amandla okudubula okukhanyayo. Okokugcina, ama-prime lens ahlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okulinganiselwe ngokuya ngezinketho zobude bokugxila, njengoba kungekho ukusebenza kokusondeza noma ukuhluka ngaphakathi kwelensi ngokwayo.

Nokho, kunezinzuzo ezingavala lezi zihibe. Ama-Prime lens ngokuvamile anezici ubukhali obuphakeme nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokubona ngenxa yedizayini engaguquki nezinto ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni. Futhi bavame ukunikeza ukunemba kombala okuthuthukisiwe, ukuphuma kancane kwe-chromatic, ukusebenza kwe-autofocus okusheshayo, kanye nekhwalithi enkulu yokwakha uma iqhathaniswa namalensi okusondeza webanga lentengo elifanayo. Ukwengeza, ama-prime lens avame ukubonakala ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi okuphezulu ngenxa yobukhulu bezikhala zazo ezibanzi futhi ngokuvamile zinokuhlanekezela okuncane kunozakwabo basondeze - okubenza babe yinketho ekahle yokuthwebula isithombe nokwakheka kwezwe lapho imininingwane emihle idinga ukuthwebula ngokunemba.

Isetshenziswa nini i-Prime Lens

I-lens eyinhloko iyilensi enobude obugxilile obugxilile, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukusondeza noma ukuhlehlisa. Ama-Prime lens alungele abathwebuli bezithombe abafuna ukuthatha izithombe ezibukhali, ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi basebenzise indawo ebanzi nokusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi.

Kodwa kufanele usebenzise nini i-lens eyinhloko? Lapha, sizovala izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-lens eyinhloko, ukuze uthole okuningi ezithombeni zakho.

Izithombe Eziphansi Zokukhanya

Ukusebenzisa a ilensi eyinhloko lapho ukudubula ekukhanyeni okuphansi kuyisinqumo esihle. Amalensi amakhulu angabiza, kodwa anomsindo omncane kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuleka kwawo okukhudlwana kanye nezici ezimbalwa zamalensi okusho izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu kumasethingi e-ISO aphansi. Ama-Prime lens nawo anomkhakha ongashoni kakhulu osiza ukuhlukanisa isihloko nengemuva. Ngokuhambisana nokuvuleka kwawo okukhulu okubanzi, amalensi ayinhloko angalungela ukuthwebula izithombe ezigqamile ezimeni eziphansi zokukhanya ngaphandle kokukhulisa amazinga e-ISO kakhulu.

I-drawback yiqiniso ukuthi ama-lens ayinhloko anjalo ubude bokugxila obugxilile ngakho-ke awukwazi ukusondeza noma ukusondeza njengoba ungenza nge-zoom lens - uzodinga ukuba usondele noma uqhelane nesihloko sakho. Lokhu kungase kube nzima ikakhulukazi uma uthwebula eduze noma lapho wenza izithombe zezakhiwo ngoba ukulawulwa kokubuka okunembile kuyadingeka ukuze uthole imiphumela efiseleka kakhulu.

Kodwa uma ungenandaba nokuntula ikhono lokushintsha ngokushesha phakathi kobude obuhlukahlukene bokugxila futhi ufuna izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu ezinamandla okuqoqa ukukhanya okuhle - amalensi ayinhloko awufanele umsebenzi.

Photrait Photography

Ukuthwebula izithombe idinga ukugcizelela okuphezulu kokufiphalisa ingemuva okwaziwa ngokuthi "bokeh". Lo mphumela ungafinyelelwa nge ama-lens aphezulu njengoba zifaka izimbobo ezinkulu, ezivumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuthi kungene kulensi futhi zenze izithombe ezinokujula kwenkundla okungajulile. Lolu hlobo lwamalensi lunikeza nobude obugxilile obugxilile okusiza abathwebuli bezithombe balondoloze umbono ongaguquki phakathi kwamashothi.

Uma kuqhathaniswa a Lens zoom, ukuntuleka kwekhono lokusondeza kungase kubonakale kunomkhawulo, kodwa ukushoda kwenqwaba kusho ukuthi unokuvumelana nezimo okwengeziwe ekwakhiweni kwakho njengoba ngeke kudingeke uvulele ingilazi eyengeziwe kanye nezindlu ezengeza isisindo ekusondezeni. Ngesisindo esincane nenqwaba nakho kuza nokudlidliza okuncane, ngakho-ke amashothi akho azoba bukhali kunalapho usebenzisa ilensi yokusondeza lapho uthwebula izithombe.

Amalensi amakhulu futhi angamathuluzi amahle wokuthwebula isithombe ngobude njengoba esiza ekufiphaliseni ingemuva ngenkathi enza imingcele emihle phakathi kwendawo okugxilwe kuyo ne-bokeh. Ukwengeza, ama-prime lens akhiqiza izithombe ezinokugqama okuncanyana okukhethekile ngenxa yobukhali bawo ezindaweni ezivulekile ezivulekile. Usayizi nezici zokuvala isimo sezulu zamanye amamodeli azenza ukukhetha okuhle kwezithombe ezime ngobude ezimweni ezinzima ezingase zidinge ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezintweni ezifana namanzi noma uthuli.

Ukuthwebula Kwezwe

Lapho abantu abaningi becabanga ngokuthwebula izithombe zezwe, bavame ukucabanga ngamalensi ane-engeli ebanzi, kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho kusetshenziswa khona ilensi eyinhloko kuyisinqumo esifanele. Amalensi ayinhloko angamalensi obude obugxilile obugxilile futhi awasondezi njengoba kwenza ilensi yokusondeza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abathwebuli bezithombe kufanele banyakazise imizimba yabo ukuze basondele noma baqhelane nezifundo zabo ukuze baqambe isithombe ngendlela abafuna ngayo. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kungenankinga ekuqaleni, amalensi ayinhloko anezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziwenza abe nenzuzo ekuthwebuleni izithombe zezwe.

Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zamalensi aphambili wokuthwebula izithombe zezwe yiwo ukuhlanekezela okuphansi kanye nezilungiselelo zokuvula okuphezulu okubanzi. Ukuhlanekezela kwenzeka lapho ilensi enobude bokugxila obufushane inweba amaphoyinti esithombeni ngaphandle ukusuka phakathi nendawo yayo, idale umphumela ofana nokufaka ama-keystones ezithombeni zezakhiwo. Ama-Prime lens nawo anezilungiselelo zokuvula ezibanzi, eziwavumela ukuthi athwebule ukukhanya okuningi kunalokho okungalawulwa yi-zoom, okuholela ezithombeni ezibukhali ezinomsindo omncane.

Esinye isici esihle samalensi aphambili ukuthi avame ukulula kakhulu kunama-zoom lens, awenze abe lula futhi akhululeke kakhudlwana ukuwenza emvelweni efuna izindawo ezinhle. Futhi zithengeka kakhulu kunokusondeza, ngakho-ke uma uzidinga zombili lezi zinhlobo ngeke uphule ibhange uzithenge.

Ngakho-ke nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngokuvamile udinga ilensi ye-engeli ebanzi ukuze uthwebule ama-vistas amangalisayo nezinkundla ezishanelayo kuze kufike lapho iso lakho lingabona khona; unganciphisi usebenzisa a ilensi eyinhloko kungaba njengoba zinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ngaphezu kokusondeza futhi zingenza zonke izinhlobo zezithombe ezinhle kakhulu zibe khona ngisho nangaphakathi kwesikhala esilinganiselwe noma izingoma eziqinile!

Izithombe zomgwaqo

Izithombe zomgwaqo ingenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zokuthwebula izithombe njengoba ivumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi bathwebule izithombe ezinhle endaweni yasemadolobheni. Amalensi amakhulu banikeze ithuba eliyingqayizivele kubathwebuli bezithombe njengoba benikeza insimu yokubuka eyingqayizivele. Ngokusebenzisa amalensi aphambili anembobo ebanzi kakhulu, uyakwazi ukudala imiphumela emangalisayo ye-bokeh futhi ukhanyise izigcawu ezimnyama kakhulu.

Inketho enhle yokuthwebula izithombe zasemgwaqweni ilensi eyinhloko enobude bokugxila be-engeli ebanzi ethwebula izici eziningi kuhlaka. I-engeli ebanzi futhi izokuvumela ukuthi usondele ezifundweni zakho ngaphandle kokuthi uhlehle kude kakhulu—ilungele ukuthwebula izithombe zasemgwaqweni ezinezihloko ezincane noma izingoma eziminyene. Imbobo enkulu kufanele futhi inikeze imiphumela yokujula kwenkundla engashoni, ekuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise isihloko sakho nengemuva laso ngisho noma uhlehliselwe isithombe ngaphezu kokujwayelekile - lokhu kuphumela ekuthwebuleni okugxile kakhulu esihlokweni sakho esiyinhloko futhi kuthuthukisa umthelela wokubuka.

Ezinye izibonelo zamalensi aphambili afanele ukudubula emgwaqweni kufanele afake:

• 35mm f / 2 lens - kuhle kakhulu ekuthwebuleni izifundo ezisondelene nezikude ezindaweni ezimpintshana nasezindleleni eziwumngcingo
• 50mm f / 1.4 lens - ilungele ukuthwebula abantu abamaphakathi nebanga
• 85mm f / 1,8 lens - ilungele lezo zithombe zebanga elide lapho ukukhanya okutholakalayo kuphansi, njengokushona kwelanga

Isiphetho

Ngamafuphi, ama-lens aphezulu kuyisinqumo esihle sabathwebuli bezithombe abafuna ukuthwebula izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi babe nokunethezeka kokukwazi ukusebenza ngelensi eyodwa nje. Ama-Prime lens angaveza imiphumela ebukhali futhi asetshenziselwe ukuthwebula izithombe ezinokukhanya okuphansi ngaphandle kokuphendukela ezinombolweni eziphezulu ze-ISO noma izindlela zokugxila eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zibuye zilungele ukwakheka kwezwe nezithombe zomgwaqo njengoba zinikeza ukujula kwensimu encane. Ochwepheshe abaningi nabathwebuli bezithombe abanobuhlakani basebenzisa amalensi aphambili ngoba abavumela ukuthi bahlole futhi badale izithombe ezihlukile ezingakwazi ukuzuzwa ngamalensi okusondeza.

Ekugcineni, ukuqonda ukuthi ama-lens abalulekile asebenza kanjani kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyindlela efanele yini yezidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali:

• Imiphumela ebukhali
• Ukuthatha izithombe ezinokukhanya okuphansi
• Ilungele ukuthwebula kwezwe kanye nomgwaqo
• Ivumela ukuhlolwa kanye nezithombe ezihlukile

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.