Ukuhlola I-Art of Puppetry e-Cinema

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 11, 2022

Wake wazibuza ukuthi abenzi bamafilimu bawasebenzisa kanjani amaphaphethi kumamuvi? Umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo, futhi ziningi izindlela ezingasetshenziswa ngazo.

Opopayi basetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi kumafilimu, kusukela ekunikezeni impumuzo yamahlaya ukuya ekubeni umlingiswa oyinhloko. Amanye amabhayisikobho adume kakhulu emlandweni asebenzise onodoli ngandlela-thile, njengokuthi “The Wizard of Oz,” “The Dark Crystal,” kanye nethi “Team America: World Police.”

Kulesi sihloko, ngizobheka indlela abenzi befilimu abasebenzisa ngayo opopayi kumabhayisikobho kanye nezinye izibonelo ezidume kakhulu.

Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-Puppetry Arts

Yini i-Puppetry Arts?

I-Puppetry arts iwubuciko obusebenzisa onodoli ukuze baxoxe izindaba, baveze imizwa, futhi bakhe umuzwa wetiyetha oyingqayizivele. I-Puppetry iwuhlobo lweshashalazi osekungamakhulu eminyaka ikhona, futhi lusadumile nanamuhla. Upopayi ungasetshenziswa ukujabulisa, ukufundisa, ngisho nokuqwashisa ngezindaba ezibalulekile.

Izinhlobo Zobuciko Bokudotshwa

Ubuciko be-puppetry bufika ngezindlela eziningi, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunesitayela salo esiyingqayizivele. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zobuciko bopopayi:

• I-Marionette Puppetry: I-Marionette puppetry wuhlobo lwe-puppetry lapho udoli esebenzisa izintambo noma izinduku ukulawula ukunyakaza kukapopi. Lolu hlobo lopopayi luvame ukusetshenziswa etiyetha yezingane.
• I-Shadow Puppetry: I-Shadow Puppetry uhlobo lwe-puppetry lapho umdlisi asebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukuze enze izithunzi esikrinini. Lolu hlobo lopopayi luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxoxa izindaba nokudala umuzwa oyingqayizivele wokubonwayo.
• I-Rod Puppetry: I-puppetry yenduku wuhlobo lwe-puppetry lapho udoli elawula izinduku ukulawula ukunyakaza kukadoli. Lolu hlobo lwe-puppet luvame ukusetshenziswa kumabonakude namafilimu.
• I-Hand Puppetry: I-puppetry yesandla luhlobo lwe-puppetry lapho udoli esebenzisa izandla zakhe ukulawula ukunyakaza kukapopi. Lolu hlobo lopopayi luvame ukusetshenziswa etiyetha yezingane nakumabonakude.

Izinzuzo Zobuciko be-Puppetry

Ubuciko bopopayi bungaba yindlela enhle yokujabulisa, ukufundisa, kanye nokuqwashisa ngezindaba ezibalulekile. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo zobuciko be-puppetry:

• Kungasiza ukubandakanya izingane ekufundeni ngokwenza kube mnandi futhi kuhlanganyele.
• Kungasiza ukuletha ukuqwashisa ngezindaba ezibalulekile ngendlela enobuhlakani nejabulisayo.
• Kungasiza ukukhuthaza ukusungula nokucabanga ezinganeni.
• Kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okukhulumisana kanye nezenhlalo ezinganeni.

Ubuciko bopopayi bungaba yindlela enhle yokujabulisa, ukufundisa, kanye nokuqwashisa ngezindaba ezibalulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunodoli, umzali, noma othile nje othanda onodoli, ubuciko bopopayi bungaba indlela enhle yokuzijabulisa nokufunda okuthile okusha.

Izibalo Zemishini ngawo-1920

I-Puppet-Influenced Technique

Ngawo-'20s, iYurophu yayimayelana nendlela yokuthonywa ngonodoli! Yasetshenziswa kumakhathuni adalwe u-Vladimir Mayakovsky (1925), kumafilimu okuhlola aseJalimane afana no-Oskar Fischinger no-Walter Ruttmann's, nasemafilimini amaningi akhiqizwa u-Lotte Reiniger kwaze kwaba ngawo-'30s. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igqugquzelwe amasiko ase-Asia opopayi wethunzi nokuhlolwa kwe-cabaret ye-Le Chat Noir (Ikati Elimnyama).

I-Double

Okuphindwe kabili, ubukhona obungaphezu kwemvelo noma kobudemoni, bekungumuntu odumile ku-expressionist cinema. Ungayibona encwadini ethi The Student of Prague (1913), The Golem (1920), The Cabinet of Dr Caligari (1920), Warning Shadow (1923) kanye no M (1931).

Unodoli, Iphaphethi, I-Automaton, I-Golem, I-Homunculus

Lezi zibalo ezingenamphefumulo zazigcwele yonke indawo kuma-'20s! Bahlasela isikrini ukuze baveze amandla omshini ohlasela umenzi wawo. Ungawabona kuThe Devil Doll (1936), Die Puppe (The Doll, 1919), RUR (noma RUR, Rossum's Universal Robots) kaKarel Čapek, Der Golem (The Golem) kaGustav Meyrink, Metropolis (1926), kanye I-Seashell kanye nomfundisi (1928).

Umshini Aesthetic

Ubuhle bomshini bekuyizo zonke intukuthelo kuma-'20s! Yayikhona ku-L'Inhumaine (The Inhumane) ka-Marcel L'Herbier, Le Ballet mécanique (The Mechanical Ballet, 1924) kaFernand Léger, Man Ray noDudley Murphy, kanye "nama-symphonies abonakalayo" kaViking Eggeling, Walter Ruttmann. , uHans Richter noKurt Schwerdtfeger. Futhi, ama-Futurists ayenezingoma zawo zefilimu, "amadrama ento".

Ukudalwa Kopopayi waseSandman

Indoda Engemuva Kopopayi

UGerhard Behrendt wayengungqondongqondo ngemuva kukapopi waseSandman. Emasontweni amabili nje amafushane, ukwazile ukwenza unodoli obude obungamasentimitha angu-24 onembuzi emhlophe nekepisi elicijile.

Ukusebenza Kwangaphakathi

Ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kukanodoli waseSandman kwakumangalisa kakhulu. Yayinohlaka lwensimbi olugudlukayo, olwaluyivumela ukuthi igqwayizwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuma nezikhundla zokuqopha. Lonke ushintsho oluncane lwathwetshulwa kukhamera, lwase luhlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe i- ukuma-ukunyakaza ifilimu.

Ukusabela Okuthinta inhliziyo

Lapho isiqephu sokuqala sikaSandman sisakazwa ngoNovemba 1959, sahlangatshezwa nokusabela okuhle okuthinta inhliziyo. Ekupheleni kwesiqephu, u-Sandman walala ekhoneni lomgwaqo. Lokhu kwashukumisela izingane ezimbalwa ukuba zibhale izincwadi, zinikeze unodoli imibhede yazo!

I-Phenomenon ye-Baby Yoda

Izindleko Zokuthakatha

I-Grogu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Baby Yoda, iwubuciko bobuciko, ubuciko kanye nobunjiniyela obungamadola ayizigidi ezi-5. Kudingeka onodoli abahlanu ukwenza unodoli uphile, ngamunye ulawula isici esihlukile sokunyakaza nokukhuluma kukaGrogu. Omunye unodoli ulawula amehlo, omunye ulawula umzimba nekhanda, unodoli wesithathu unyakazisa izindlebe nomlomo, owesine ushukumisa izingalo, kanti owesihlanu udlala njengomdlali olindile futhi akha imvunulo. Khuluma ngohlelo lopopayi obizayo!

I-Magic of Puppetry

Ukunyakaza nokukhuluma kukaGrogu kufana nempilo, kufana nokuthi usithakathile sonke! Onodoli abahlanu bamenza aphile, ngamunye enekhono lakhe elikhethekile. Omunye ulawula amehlo, omunye umzimba nekhanda, owesithathu unyakazisa izindlebe nomlomo, owesine ushukumisa izingalo, kanti owesihlanu udala imvunulo. Kufana nokuthi basithakathile, futhi asikwazi ukubheka eceleni!

Ukuxhumanisa Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Käpt'n Blaubär

Ngemuva kwezinto

Kudingeka idolobhana ukwenza isiqephu se-Käpt'n Blaubär! Abantu abangu-30 babehileleke ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, futhi bonke kwakudingeka basebenze ndawonye njengomshini ogcotshwe kahle.

The Puppeteers

Onodoli babeyizihlabani zombukiso! Ngokuvamile kwakuthatha ama-puppeteer amabili ukwenza a uhlamvu – eyodwa eyokunyakazisa umlomo enye ngeyokunyakazisa izandla. Uma unodoli efuna ukuthatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngonodoli, kwakudingeka axhumane nomunye udoli, kanye neziqapha, izintambo, ama-dolly rails, kanye neqembu elikhiqizayo eligaqa ngakubo.

Igoli

Umgomo weqembu lonke bekuwukuthola izithombe ezinembile zabalingisi ngaphandle kokuthi izethameli zibone ukuphithizela kweqembu labadidiyeli. Ngakho-ke, abadlali bonodoli kwakudingeka baqikelele kakhulu ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi ukunyakaza kwabo kuyavumelana nokuthi izisebenzi azizange zidlale!

I-Puppetry ku-Sesame Street

Ngubani?

• Unodoli uPeter Röders nguyena ongena ngokuphelele kupopayi, awenze isifihla-buso.
• USamson wadalwa ngo-1978 wezindaba zohlaka lwe-German Sesame Street ezikhiqizwe yi-NDR.

Kanjani?

• Inhloko ye-puppet isekelwe kuhlaka olukhethekile lwehlombe.
• Umzimba kanodoli ulengiswe kulokhu ngezintambo zenjoloba, ezifana nebhulukwe elibekwe ezinsimbi.
• I-puppeteer kufanele iphilise isibalo "esijingizayo" ngomzamo omkhulu womzimba.
• Ingxenye encane kakhulu yokunyakaza kanye nokushukuma komzimba komdlali we-puppeteer ngaphakathi kwesithombe kubonakala ngaphandle.

Yini?

• I-Puppetry iwuhlobo lwetiyetha lapho udoli eshelela kancane noma ngokuphelele kuphophothi, awenze isifihla-buso.
• Kudinga umzamo omkhulu womzimba futhi kungafaniswa nokuzivocavoca ejimini.

Isenzo Somzimba Ogcwele

• I-puppeteer kufanele iphilise isibalo "esijingizayo" ngomzamo omkhulu womzimba.
• Konke ukunyakaza nokushukuma komzimba ngaphakathi kwesibalo kufanele kwenziwe ngamandla amakhulu nangomdlandla.
• Umdidiyeli kufanele akwazi ukunyakazisa unodoli ngendlela ebukeka ingokoqobo futhi ijabulisa.
• Kungumsebenzi ojulukayo, kodwa kuwufanele uma ubona ukusabela kwezilaleli!

I-Puppet Play evela ku-Planet Melmac: I-Null Problemo-Alf kanye Nomndeni We-Tanner

Umsebenzi Ojulukayo Ka-Mihály “Michu” Mézáros

Engena kupopayi we-alien Alf, uMichu wayesesikhathini esishisayo. Imaski eqinile futhi engakhululekile yayifana ne-sauna ngaphansi kwezibani ezibekwe eceleni. Okwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, upopayi wesandla onemishini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi wasetshenziswa ekuqopheni okuningi.

Umxoxi kanye Nomdlozi: UPaul Fusco

UPaul Fusco nguyena owayenesibopho sokwenza u-Alf aphile. Wayengunodoli futhi elandisa ngalopopayi we-Alf, enyakazisa izindlebe, amashiya futhi ecwayiza namehlo. Nguye owenza izimpilo zomndeni wakwaTanner zibe mnandi zibheke phansi.

Ithiyetha Yento: Siebenstein kanye "Koffer"

I-Cheeky Suitcase

Ah, ipotimende elibi elibi elivela ochungechungeni lwezingane lwesiteshi sikamabonakude i-ZDF German, Siebenstein! Ubani ongakhohlwa umfana omncane ononya? Umdidiyeli wezidlozi uThomas Rohloff wavusa ipotimende, futhi kwaba umbono omangalisayo.

Ithiyetha Yento: Ukukhiqizwa Kwekhwalithi Ephezulu

Ithiyetha ye-Object iyingxenye yopopayi, futhi izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-Siebenstein lalisezingeni eliphezulu! Kuthathe ithimba labantu abangaba ngu-20 ukwenza lokho, futhi usuku ngalunye lokuqoshwa kwakuthatha amahora angu-10. Iqembu lalizomisa, likhanyise, futhi lidubule indawo ngayinye ngama-engeli ahlukene. Bese, ngemva kokuthatha ikhefu lokuhlela nokudlala ngokusabela okubambezelekile ukuze udale ukugeleza, bazoba nemizuzu engaba ngu-5 yevidiyo yekhwalithi yokusakaza elungele ukuhamba.

Ukulungiselela i-King Kong yesikrini esikhulu

I-Milestone ka-1933

Ngo-1933, i-King Kong kanye ne-White Woman bashaya isikrini esikhulu futhi baqopha umlando! Bekuwumbukiso wopopayi onemiphumela ekhethekile. Ukwenza i-King Kong ibukeke sengathi ishaywa umoya, kwadingeka ukuthi lesi sibalo sithinteke futhi sithwetshulwe izikhathi eziyisigidi.

I-Remake ka-1976

Ukwenziwa kabusha kuka-John Guillermin kwe-King Kong ngo-1976 kwasebenzisa indlela efanayo yokumisa ukunyakaza, kodwa kulokhu uboya benkawu babukanywe lapho bufunwa khona ngemva kokuthinta ngakunye. Kubize imali eshisiwe engu-$1.7 million ukwenza isibalo senkawu esingamamitha angu-12 ubude, esingamathani angu-6.5, kodwa sibonakale efilimini imizuzwana engu-15 kuphela. Khuluma ngokubizayo!

Izifundo

Ukulungisa i-King Kong yesikrini esikhulu akuyona into elula! Nakhu esikufundile:

• Ukukhiqizwa komdlalo wopopayi kungabiza.
• Ubuchwepheshe bokumisa ukuhamba bubalulekile ekudaleni imiphumela engokoqobo.
• Ukuthinta uboya besibalo kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza umphumela oyifunayo.

Ikristalu Emnyama: Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-Puppet ye-Epic Proportions

Ifilimu Yoqobo

Ifilimu yenganekwane ka-Jim Henson yango-1982, i-Dark Crystal, bekuyifilimu yokuqala ye-live-action efaka opopayi kuphela. Kwakuwumsebenzi wothando ngoHenson, owayesebenze kulo msebenzi iminyaka emihlanu.

I-Prequel yeNetflix

AbakwaNetflix baqale bahlela ukwenza i-prequel epopayi, kodwa basheshe babona ukuthi onodoli yibona abenze ifilimu kaHenson ikhetheke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, banqume ukuqhubekela phambili nesizini yeziqephu eziyi-10 zonodoli abasezingeni eliphezulu, abanesihloko esithi I-Dark Crystal: I-Era of Resistance. Uchungechunge lwengezwe kushejuli yeNetflix ngo-Agasti 30, 2019.

I-Art of Puppetry

I-Puppetry iwubuciko beqiniso. Abadidiyeli bomdlalo wefilimu abavamile ukuthola ukuqashelwa okubafanele, njengoba kufanele basebenze ngemuva kwezigcawu. Umsebenzi wabo uvame ukuba nzima ngokomzimba futhi uyashisa, futhi badinga isineke nekhono ukuze bathole isithombe esihle.

Umbono Womqondisi

Umbono womqondisi uLouis Letterier ngohlelo bekungukuthi ababukeli bazokhohlwa ukuthi bebebuka onodoli. Futhi kuyiqiniso - onodoli bafana nempilo, kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi ababona ngempela!

Umehluko

Upopayi Vs Marionette

Onodoli nonodoli bobabili bangonodoli, kodwa banokuhluka okuthile okubalulekile. Ngokuvamile onodoli basebenza ngesandla, kuyilapho ama-marionette alawulwa yizintambo noma izintambo ezivela phezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-marionette angakwazi ukunyakaza ngokukhululeka nangokweqiniso, kuyilapho onodoli benqunyelwe ukunyakaza kwezandla zomdlisi. Ngokuvamile onodoli benziwa ngendwangu, ngokhuni, noma ngepulasitiki, kuyilapho odoli benziwa ngokhuni, ngobumba noma ngophondo lwendlovu. Futhi, ekugcineni, ama-marionettes ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa imidlalo yasetiyetha, kuyilapho opopayi bevame ukusetshenziselwa ukuzijabulisa kwezingane. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukusebenza kwangempela, thola i-marionette. Kodwa uma ufuna okuthile okudlalayo, unodoli angase abe indlela yokuhamba!

Isiphetho

I-Puppetry iwubuciko obusetshenziswe kumafilimu amashumi eminyaka, futhi kuyamangalisa ngempela ukubona ukuthi ungakanani umzamo owenziwayo ekwakheni laba balingisi. Kusukela ku-Sandman kuya ku-Baby Yoda, opopi baye basetshenziswa ukuze baphile abalingisi ngendlela eyingqayizivele nehehayo. Ngakho-ke uma ufuna indlela ejabulisayo nehlakaniphile yokuhlola umhlaba wefilimu, kungani ungazami i-puppetry? Khumbula nje ukusebenzisa izinti zakho futhi ungakhohlwa ukuzijabulisa - phela, akuwona umbukiso wopopayi ngaphandle kokuhleka okumbalwa!

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.