Iskripthi: Iyini Imamuvi Futhi Isetshenziswa Kanjani

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 26, 2022

Ukubhala umbhalo kuyinqubo yokubhala i-screenplay yefilimu. Kubandakanya ukuthatha umbono nokudala indaba ezungezile ezoba yisisekelo semuvi. Imibhalo isetshenziswa abenzi befilimu ukuthuthukisa abalingisi, izingcezu zesethi, nokulandelana kwezenzo zemuvi. Ukubhala umbhalo kuhilela ubuciko obuningi, futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwenza ifilimu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi umbhalo ubandakanyani, ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani ekwenzeni ifilimu, futhi sinikeze amathiphu okubhala nokufometha iskripthi:

Incazelo Yeskripthi

Iskripthi idokhumenti esebenza njengepulani ye-movie, uhlelo lwethelevishini, umdlalo, noma olunye uhlobo lokusebenza. Iqukethe zonke izici ezibalulekile ezidingekayo ukuze uxoxe indaba, njengabalingiswa nezingxoxo zabo nezincazelo zesigcawu ngasinye. Umbhalo ucacisa ukuthi isimo ngasinye esiyingqayizivele kufanele sivezwe ngamagama, isenzo nokubonwayo.

Umbhali uqala ngokwakha uhlaka lwesakhiwo, oluveza indikimba yendaba ewumongo: isiqalo (isingeniso), phakathi (isenzo esikhulayo) futhi ekugcineni (umphumela). Bese beveza lesi sakhiwo ngezisusa zabalingiswa, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabalingiswa, izilungiselelo nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile.

Umbhalo uqukethe okungaphezu nje kwengxoxo—futhi unikeza imininingwane yokuthi imithelela yomsindo ihlanganiswa kanjani endabeni noma ukuthi ukukhanya kufanele kusetshenziswe kanjani ukuze kudluliselwe imizwa ethile. Ukwengeza, ingafaka izincazelo zezinhlamvu ukuze abalingisi bazi ukuthi bazivezwa kanjani ngokwangempela esikrinini. Ingase icwenge ama-engeli ekhamera ukuze kwakheke izigcawu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenzelana kwezithameli ngemizwa ethile noma ukunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe nini imithelela yokubuka ekhethekile. Uma zonke lezi zici zihlanganiswa kahle, zidala umuzwa wesinema ongenakulibaleka kubabukeli.

Isikripthi Sisetshenziselwa Yini?

Iskripthi iyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqizwa kwanoma iyiphi imuvi. Umbhalo uqukethe inkhulumomphendvulwano ebhaliwe kanye nesenzo se-movie, futhi usebenza njengesisekelo nomhlahlandlela wabalingisi, Umqondisi, umdwebi wamabhayisikobho, nabanye abasebenzi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa yini umbhalo futhi isetshenziswa kanjani kumafilimu.

Ukubhala Ifilimu

Ukubhala umdlalo wesikrini kuhilela izigaba ezimbalwa. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zeskripthi se-movie zifaka abalingisi baso, ingxoxo, ukwakheka kwendaba, nezigcawu. Ifomethi elungile yokudlala isikrini ibalulekile kunoma iyiphi imuvi project futhi kufanele kulandelwe ukuze iphrojekthi ithathwe njengesezingeni lochwepheshe.

Ukubhala umbhalo, umbhali kufanele aqale enze indlela yokwelapha echaza indaba ephelele kanye nokudwetshwa kwezinhlamvu kanye namandla ombukiso. Ngemva kwalokho umbhali uzosebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze akhe i uhlaka lwezenzo ezintathu zefilimu: Isiqalo sokumisa indaba, isenzo esimaphakathi sokwethula izinkinga, nesiphetho esixazulula konke ukungqubuzana nokubopha iziphetho ezixekethile.

Uma ukwakheka okuphelele sekusungulwe, bese uqala ukwakha isigcawu ngasinye ngaphakathi kwesenzo ngasinye. Lokhu kudinga ukubhala inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nezici zesikhombisi-ndlela sekhamera njengokunyakaza kwabalingiswa kanye nencazelo yokudubula.

Uma usuqedile ukubhala izigcawu zakho zikhiphe Okusalungiswa 0 yeskripthi sakho esiqukethe zonke izingxenye ezihlanganisa izinombolo zesigcawu, amagama abalingiswa nama-slugs (izincazelo ezimfushane zalapho isigcawu ngasinye senzeka khona) nokurekhoda ukuthi singakanani isikhathi esidlulayo phakathi kwesigcawu ngasinye. Lapho lokhu kubuyekezwa kuqedwa, kuphakamisa ukuthi uthathe ikhefu okungenani usuku olulodwa ngaphambi kokuqedela ukubuyekeza Okusalungiswa 1 ngokushintsha inkhulumomphendvulwano noma ithoni yefilimu lapho kudingeka ukuze yonke into ichofoze ndawonye kahle kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kungabikho izingcezu ezingekho noma imibono engathuthukisiwe - noma ubungozi bomonakalo ongenakwenzeka!

Manje buyekeza umsebenzi wakho uqinisekisa ukuthi ukufezile lokho obuhlose ukukwenza - yakha umbhalo osebenzayo onazo zonke izithako ezibalulekile endaweni - okuholela ekudaleni inzuzo eyengeziwe evela kubakhiqizi abangase baqinisekise ukuhamba kwemali yokuthuthukiswa kwesitudiyo! Siyakuhalalisela ngokuthatha isikrini sakho sisuke kumqondo siyise eqinisweni!

Ukuqondisa Ifilimu

Lapho udala ifilimu, a iskripthi ingasiza abaqondisi ukuthi balandele zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo. Imibhalo ivamise ukubhalwa ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuqoshwa, okuvumela abalingisi nabasebenzi ukuhlela kusenesikhathi. Umbhalo unikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe kunohlaka lwendaba; izohlanganisa inkhulumomphendvulwano nezinye izici ezichazayo.

Ngaphezu kokusiza ukulungiselela ukuqoshwa, imibhalo ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza njengento eyinkomba.

Abaqondisi basebenzisana nababhali besikrini ukuze bakhe imibhalo ehambisana nombono nenjongo yabo. Ukwengeza, bangase bacele ukuthi ababhali baphinde babhale okusalungiswa okuningana kombhalo kuze kube yilapho beneliseka ngokugeleza kwayo nenjongo. Uma isilungele ukukhiqizwa, umqondisi usebenza eduze nabalingisi nabanye abenzi befilimu ukuze anikeze imiyalelo evela kumbhalo phakathi nezinsuku zokushuthwa. Abaqondisi baphinde basebenzise izinguqulo zeskripthi kusukela ekuthathweni kwangaphambilini kwesigcawu ukuze izici ezithile zikwazi ukuphindaphindwa ngokuqhubekayo ekuthathweni kwakamuva.

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, imibhalo ihlinzeka abaqondisi ngesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izici zamafilimu abo ziyalandelana lapho behlelwa ngokubanikeza umhlahlandlela ohleliwe wokugcina ifilimu isendleleni nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izici ezifana nemiphumela eyengeziwe ziyahambisana nezigcawu ezingxenyeni zangaphambili zefilimu. ifilimu njengoba bekuhlosiwe. Okokugcina, ukuba neskripthi esandleni kusiza abaqondisi bakhombe noma yiziphi izithombe ezishodayo noma izinguquko uma kudingeka ngesikhathi sokuthwebula siqhutshwa ngemva kokuqedwa kokuqopha.

Ukuhlela imuvi

Ukuhlela ifilimu kuyingxenye ebalulekile futhi evame ukunganakwa yenqubo yokwenza ifilimu. Kulapho ongalolonga khona ukubukeka nokuzwakala kukonke kwefilimu eqediwe. Ngalesi sigaba, uzothatha zonke izingxenye ezakha ifilimu, njenge izithombe ezingahluziwe, umsindo oqoshiwe kanye nemiphumela ekhethekile, bese usebenzisa isofthiwe yokuhlela yochwepheshe ukuze uyihlanganise ibe umkhiqizo owodwa ohlangene. Ngaphambi kokuthi noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuqale, a iskripthi kufanele senziwa ukuze ukuhlela kwenzeke.

Umbhalo uyidokhumenti echaza ngokuqondile lokho okuzokwenzeka esigcawini ngasinye sefilimu noma umbukiso wethelevishini. Kufanele inikeze imininingwane eyanele ukuze bonke abathintekayo ekudaleni ifilimu babe sekhasini elifanayo uma kufika isikhathi sokuqoshwa futhi ekugcineni sihlelwe. Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ekhethekile njenge I-Adobe Premier Pro noma i-Final Cut Pro X, abahleli bazohlela kabusha izigcawu ngokuya ngokuthi bazifunda kanjani ephepheni noma bazibuke esikrinini bese bengeza ukuthinta okwengeziwe njengokuthi izinkomba zomculo, ukuhlelwa komsindo nemiphumela ebonakalayo lapho kudingekile. Konke lokhu kuhlelwa ukudala izikhathi zokushuba noma zemizwa, kuyilapho kusiza abalingisi ngokugeleza kwabo phakathi nezigcawu ngokubanikeza amaphuzu esikhathi afanele.

Abahleli banenkululeko enkulu yokudala uma kuziwa ekuphatheni inqubo yabo yomsebenzi ukuze izici ezithile zidlulelane neminye iminyango okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kokukhiqiza noma ukuqondiswa kuye ngokuthi kuhlanganiswa ini. Isiteji sokubhala siqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ohilelekile unombono ocacile wokuthi izinto zizokwehla kanjani uma sekuqalile ukuthwebula okwenza impilo ibe lula kakhulu ekugcineni lapho izinto zihlangana futhi kuvumela indawo yokuqamba njengoba yonke into ihlangana ngesikhathi. emva kokukhiqiza/ukuhlelwa ukubekwa.

Indlela Yokusebenzisa Iskripthi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumbhali wesikrini osafufusa noma umqondisi ochwepheshile, ukuba nombhalo omuhle kubalulekile empumelelweni yanoma iyiphi imuvi. Iskripthi singasetshenziswa njengepulani yawo wonke umkhiqizo futhi singasiza ukuqondisa ukudlala kwabadlali, umsebenzi wamakhamera, kanye nesakhiwo sonke sefilimu.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa nge izisekelo zokubhala umbhalo futhi isetshenziswa kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu.

Ukubhala Isikripthi

Ukubhala isikripthi semuvi, umdlalo we-TV, umdlalo, nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwemidiya kudinga ukuqonda ingxoxo, ukwakheka kwesigcawu, ama-arcs arc, nokunye okuningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhala isikripthi ngokwakho noma usebenzisana nabanye, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi injabulo yokubuka indaba yenzeka esikrinini iqala ngokubeka isisekelo ngokubhala. Nawa amathiphu angakusiza ukuthi uqale:

• Chaza indaba yakho: Ukuba nesakhiwo esicacile sokuqala-maphakathi nesiphelo engqondweni ngaphambi kokubhala kuzosiza ukugcina iskripthi sakho sisendleleni. Qala ngokuhlanganisa uhlaka oluhlanganisa amaphuzu esakhiwo esikhulu nabalingiswa.
• Cwaninga imakethe yakho: Khomba ukuthi ubani ongafuna ukubuka ifilimu yakho ngokusekelwe ezihlokweni nezinhlobo ezibe yimpumelelo esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu kuzokunikeza umbono wokuthi hlobo luni lwesabelomali sokukhiqiza nobude okufanele uhlose ukubukhomba lapho uhlanganisa umbhalo wakho.
• Dala izinhlamvu eziphoqayo: Abalingisi kufanele babe nezinhlangothi eziningi futhi kube lula ukubabona uma ababukeli bezoba nendaba nemizabalazo yabo kanye nokunqoba kwabo phakathi nefilimu noma uhlelo lwethelevishini. Yakha izindaba ezingemuva eziphoqayo zendima enkulu ngayinye ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokubhala.
• Bhala inkhulumomphendvulwano enhle: Ukubhala izingxoxo ezizwakalayo ezizwakalayo kunzima kodwa kubalulekile; abantu ngeke babe nentshisekelo yokubuka izigcawu lapho kungekho ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo phakathi kwabalingiswa noma ama-pathos angempela asusiwe ngengxoxo embi. Yakha ngokucophelela imigqa ebonisa izisusa zabalingisi, imizwa, ubudala, ubuntu—konke kuyilapho ugcizelela kokubili ubufushane nokucaca.
• Fometha kahle umbhalo wakho: Ukulandela izindinganiso zomkhakha lapho ukufometha kusiza ukudala umuzwa womsebenzi ongaba bucayi lapho uzama ukuthola uxhaso noma amadili amaphrojekthi abhalwa ababhali abangaziwa. Sebenzisa isoftware efana Okusalungiswa kokugcina ukusiza ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi yonke into ifomethwe ngendlela efanele ukuze abakhiqizi abayifundayo bangabi nobunzima bokuqonda abakubona kusikrini emiqondweni yabo njengoba beyihlaziya.

Ukufometha Isikripthi

Ukufometha i-Screenplay kahle kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekwenzeni iskripthi silungele ukukhiqizwa. Ukuze ufomethe kahle umbhalo wakho, kufanele ulandele imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile yemboni, ehlanganisa izici ezithile nezinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekulungiseni imibhalo efundwa abakhiqizi nabaqondisi befilimu, ithelevishini nomsakazo.

Imibhalo yefilimu neyethelevishini ilandela ifomethi ehlukile kunaleyo esetshenziswa imidlalo namanoveli, njengoba ibonwa njengemidiya yokubuka. Kunokuba banikeze ingxoxo ebhaliwe nje, ababhali besikrini badinga ukunikeza izincazelo ezibonakalayo zalokho okuzovela esikrinini ngokufaka izithombe zekhamera neminye imininingwane echaza ukulungiselelwa kwendawo.

Ekufomethweni kokudlala kwesikrini, amagama abalingiswa kufanele abekwe imigqa emithathu ngezansi kwezincazelo zesenzo noma emugqeni wabo ohlukene imigqa emibili ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isenzo noma inkhulumomphendvulwano eyandulele. Amagama abalingiswa kufanele abe osonhlamvukazi lapho yethulwa okokuqala embhalweni. Ingxoxo yohlamvu kufanele ihlale iqala emugqeni wayo ilandela amagama abalingiswa; wonke ama-caps nawo angasetshenziselwa ukugcizelela lapho efunwa.

Ukuguquka phakathi kwezigcawu kungafakwa njengemisho emifushane noma amagama alula afana nala "GULA KU:" or "EXT" (okwangaphandle). Izincazelo zesenzo njenge “Ilanga lishona phezu kolwandle,” kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhalwe kusetshenziswa Izenzo zenkathi yamanje (“ukusetha,” hhayi “ukusetha”) kuyilapho ukhumbula ukuwagcina emfushane futhi ugxile kakhulu kumashothi ekhamera kunokuchaza imizwa yesilungiselelo ngokwaso.

Umdlalo-skrini ophumelelayo cishe uzodinga ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuthi ulungele ukubuyekezwa ochwepheshe bemboni - kodwa lawa macebiso azokusiza ukuthi uqalise!

Ukuhlela Iskripthi

Ukuhlela umbhalo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile enqubweni yokwenza ifilimu. Kubandakanya ukwenza izinguquko kwingxoxo nakweminye imibhalo, ukulungisa ukuhamba nokugeleza kwezigcawu zesenzo, ukuthuthukisa ukulingiswa kwabalingiswa, kanye nokucwenga isakhiwo sendaba sisonke. Ngokunaka ngokucophelela imininingwane, umhleli angakwazi ukuguqula umbhalo ube umsebenzi wobuciko onamandla ongafinyelela amazinga amangalisayo womzwelo kanye nomthelela kuzithameli zaso.

Inqubo yokuhlela iqala ngokubuyekezwa okuphelele kwayo yonke imibhalo ekhona ukuze kuhlonzwe izinkinga noma izindawo ezingathuthukiswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufunda isigcawu ngasinye ngokucophelela nokuqaphela noma yikuphi ukushayisana kwezobuchwepheshe noma ukungezwani ekwakhiweni kwabalingiswa, itimu, isitayela, noma ithoni. Lawa manothi kufanele ahlelwe abe izigaba lapho izigcawu zingasetshenzwa khona futhi zibuyekezwe ngokwezidingo zazo ezithile.

Kulesi sigaba kubalulekile ukuthi umhleli acabangele wonke amasu atholakalayo okuxazulula izinkinga, kusukela engxoxweni yokubeka kabusha amagama ukuze kucace kahle kuya ekuhleleni kabusha izigcawu ukuze kuhambisane nokuhamba kancane. Njengoba kuhlongozwa izinguquko zesakhiwo awekho amagama okudingeka ashintshwe - kunalokho ukulandelana avela ngakho kuyalungiswa - inhloso iyonke kuwukudlulisa ulwazi oluningi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi.

Okulandelayo umhleli kufanele abheke ukuthi inkhulumomphendvulwano ingabuveza kanjani kangcono ubudlelwano babalingiswa futhi iqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo ngezindlela ezikholekayo. Ingxoxo yokuhlela ingase ihilele ukususa imisho ethile noma ama-monologue wonke asusa izigcawu kanye nokucwenga imigqa ethile ukuze kube nomthelela omkhulu - njalo kucatshangelwa ukuthi ushintsho ngalunye luyithinta kanjani indaba exoxwayo ngobubanzi.

Okokugcina, umculo nemiphumela yomsindo kufanele kwengezwe lapho kudingeka ukuze kwakhiwe umoya noma kudonsele ukunaka ezikhathini ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwezigcawu; umculo ungase futhi ushintshe isimo sengqondo uma kudingeka kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli lapha ngokugcwalisa ngokweqile izingoma zomculo ezeqa imisindo ephansi ecashile ekhona kuso sonke isigcawu.

Ngokulandela lezi zindlela umhleli uzokhiqiza imibhalo yefilimu ehlelwe ngokuhlanzekile ngenkathi ikhiqiza amandla amakhulu uma zivela kusikrini; ngethemba okuphumela kokuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisa ngempela!

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, scripting iyingxenye ebalulekile yokudala amamuvi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthi kuqoshwe. Imibhalo ithuthukiswa ngokubambisana phakathi komqondisi, abalingisi namanye amalungu eqembu lobuciko. Kubalulekile ukuchitha isikhathi esidingekayo scripting ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi isigcawu ngasinye nezici zaso zigeleza ngokukhululekile ziye kwesilandelayo.

Ekugcineni, ukubhala kuzosiza abenzi befilimu ukuthi bakhe i-movie engcono enezici ezihlangene ababukeli abangaxhuma nazo kalula. Kuzophinde kunciphise isikhathi esichithwa ekulungiseni ngemva kokukhiqiza futhi kugweme ukuthwebula kabusha okubizayo. Ekugcineni, ukubhala kwesikrini ivumela abenzi bamafilimu ukuthi balethe umbono wabo usuka emqondweni uye eqinisweni ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.