Ukuvula Izimfihlo Ze-Silhouette Animation: Isingeniso Sefomu Lobuciko

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 11, 2022

Ingabe ufuna ukwazi ngobuciko bopopayi be-silhouette? Uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani? 

I-Silhouette animation iyindlela yokuma yokunyakaza yokugqwayiza lapho abalingisi nezizinda zivezwa ngamasilhouette amnyama. Lokhu kwenziwa kakhulu ngokusikwa kwekhadibhodi, nakuba kukhona okunye okuhlukile.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizohlola izisekelo zokugqwayiza kwe-silhouette nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukudala okubonakalayo okumangalisayo. 

Yini i-silhouette animation?

I-Silhouette animation iyindlela yokugqwayiza yokuma-motion lapho izinhlamvu nezinto zenziwe opopayi njengamasilhouette amnyama ngokumelene nengemuva elikhanyayo.  

Ukugqwayiza kwe-silhouette yendabuko kuhlobene nokugqwayiza kwe-cutout, okuphinde kube wuhlobo lokugqwayiza komnyakazo wokuma. Kodwa-ke ku-animation ye-silhouette uhlamvu noma izinto zibonakala njengezithunzi kuphela, kuyilapho ukugqwayiza kwe-cutout kusebenzisa ukusika kwephepha futhi kukhanyiswa nge-engeli evamile. 

Kuwuhlobo lokugqwayiza oludalwa ngokusebenzisa umthombo owodwa wokukhanya ukuze udale isithunzi sento noma uhlamvu, bese sinyakaziswa uhlaka ngohlaka ukuze kudalwe ukunyakaza okufunayo. 

Lezi zibalo zivame ukwenziwa ngephepha noma amakhadibhodi. Amalunga aboshwa ndawonye kusetshenziswa intambo noma intambo bese ihanjiswa endaweni yokupopayi bese ithwetshulwa nge-engeli ephezulu eya phansi. 

Le nqubo idala isitayela esiyingqayizivele esibonakalayo ngokusebenzisa imigqa emnyama egqamile nokugqama okuqinile. 

Ikhamera evame ukusetshenziselwa le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ikhamera ye-Rostrum. Ikhamera ye-Rostrum empeleni iyitafula elikhulu elinekhamera ebekwe phezulu, ebekwe kuthrekhi eqondile engaphakanyiswa noma yehliswe. Lokhu kuvumela i-animator ukuthi iguqule kalula umbono wekhamera futhi ithwebule ukugqwayiza kuma-engeli ahlukene. 

Nakhu ukubuka konke okuvamile kokuthi opopayi be-silhouette benziwa kanjani:

Izinto:

• Iphepha elimnyama noma amakhadibhodi
• Iphepha elimhlophe noma ikhadibhodi lengemuva
• Ikhamera noma isofthiwe yokugqwayiza
• Imishini yokukhanyisa
• Ithebula le-animation

Techniques

• Idizayini kanye ne-Cutout: Isinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza izithombe ze-silhouette ukuklama izinhlamvu nezinto ezizogqwayiza. Imiklamo ibe isisikwa ephepheni elimnyama noma amakhadibhodi. Izintambo noma imicu isetshenziswa ukuxhuma zonke izitho zomzimba.
• Ukukhanyisa: Okulandelayo, umthombo wokukhanya okhanyayo uyasethwa ngemuva kwengemuva elimhlophe, elizosebenza njengengemuva lokugqwayiza.  
• I-animation: Ama-silhouette ahlelwa endaweni yokuma yezindiza eziningi noma etafuleni lokugqwayiza, abese enyakaziswa ngokudutshulwa. Ukugqwayiza kwenziwa endaweni yokugqwayiza futhi kuqoshwe phezulu-phansi. 
• Ngemuva Kokukhiqiza: Ngemuva kokuthi ukugqwayiza sekuqediwe, amafreyimu angawodwana ahlelwa ndawonye ekukhiqizeni ngemuva ukuze adale ukugqwayiza kokugcina. 

I-Silhouette animation iyindlela engasetshenziswa ukudala imiphumela ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene. Kuyindlela enhle yokudala ukubukeka okuhlukile nokunesitayela kwanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yopopayi.

Ngokuqhubekayo le ndatshana ividiyo mayelana noLotte Reiniger ekhombisa amasu namafilimu akhe.

Yini ekhetheke kangaka mayelana nokugqwayiza kwe-silhouette?

Namuhla abekho opopayi abaningi abachwepheshile abenza izithombe ze-silhouette. Ingasaphathwa eyokwenza amafilimu abalulekile. Nokho kukhona amasegimenti athile kumamuvi esimanje noma ukugqwayiza asasebenzisa uhlobo noma ukugqwayiza kwe-silhouette. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi ziyizivumelwano zangempela noma ezisuselwe kuhlobo lwayo lwangempela lwendabuko futhi lwenziwe ngedijithali, ubuciko nesitayela sokubukwayo sisekhona. 

Ezinye izibonelo zopopayi besimanje besilhouette zingabonwa kugeyimu yevidiyo i-Limbo (2010). Igeyimu ye-indie edumile ye-Xbox 360. Futhi nakuba kungesona isitayela sokugqwayiza ngendlela yaso emsulwa yendabuko, isitayela esibonakalayo nesimo sezulu kulapho ngokusobala. 

Esinye isibonelo esikweni elidumile siku-Harry Potter kanye ne-Deathly Hallows - Ingxenye 1 (2010). 

U-Animator Ben Hibon usebenzise isitayela sikaReiniger sokugqwayiza efilimini emfushane enesihloko esithi “The Tale of the Three Brothers”.

Tales of the Night (Les Contes de la nuit, 2011) nguMichel Ocelot. Ifilimu yenziwe ngezindaba ezimfushane ezimbalwa, ngayinye inesilungiselelo sayo esimnandi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kopopayi be-silhouette kusiza ukugcizelela ikhwalithi efana nephupho, yasemhlabeni wefilimu. 

Kufanele ngisho ukuthi leli fomu lobuciko livumela izithombe eziyingqayizivele nezibukeka kahle. Ukuntuleka kombala kwenza okubonakalayo okuhle futhi okungaqondakali. Ngakho uma ufuna ukwenza iphrojekthi ngokwakho. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yinketho ekahle yokudala ubuciko obungathokozelwa yinqwaba yababukeli.

Umlando we-silhouette animation

Imvelaphi yokugqwayiza kwe-silhouette ingalandelelwa emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho amasu opopayi athuthukiswa ama-animation ambalwa ngokuzimela. 

Lolu hlobo lokugqwayiza lugqugquzelwe ukudlala kwethunzi noma i-puppetry yesithunzi, engalandelelwa emuva ngendlela evamile yokuxoxa indaba e-Southeast Asia.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukugqwayiza kwe-cel okuvamile kwakuyindlela ehamba phambili yokugqwayiza, kodwa abapopayi babezama amasu amasha, njengokugqwayiza okusikiwe.

Kodwa uma ubhala indatshana mayelana nezithombe ze-silhouette, kufanele ukhulume ngoLotte Reiniger.

Ngicabanga ukuthi kuphephile ukusho ukuthi yena yedwa wadala futhi wafeza lolu hlobo lobuciko, njengoba lwaziwa namuhla. Wayeyiphayona langempela kwezopopayi. 

Nansi ividiyo ekhombisa amasu awasebenzisile, kanye nezingcezwana zamamuvi akhe.

UCharlotte “Lotte” Reiniger (2 Juni 1899 - 19 Juni 1981) wayengumlingisi wopopayi waseJalimane futhi eyiphayona eliphambili le-silhouette animation. 

Waziwa kakhulu nge-“The Adventures of Prince Achmed” (1926), eyadalwa kusetshenziswa ukusika kwephepha futhi ithathwa njengefilimu yokuqala yobude besici egqwayizayo. 

Futhi kwakunguLotte Reiniger owasungula ikhamera yokuqala yezindiza eziningi ngo-1923. Le nqubo yokuthwebula eyinqaba ihlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zamashidi ezingilazi ngaphansi kwekhamera. Lokhu kudala inkohliso yokujula. 

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ukugqwayiza kwe-silhouette kuye kwavela, kodwa inqubo eyisisekelo isalokhu ifana: ukuthwebula amafreyimu ngamanye ama-silhouette amnyama ngokumelene nengemuva elikhanyayo. Namuhla, ukugqwayiza kwe-silhouette kusaqhubeka nokuba yindlela ebukekayo nehlukile yokugqwayiza, futhi isetshenziswa kumafilimu ahlukahlukene nokugqwayiza, okuhlanganisa kokubili izinhlobo zendabuko nezedijithali zokugqwayiza.

I-Silhouette Animation vs Cutout Animation

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa kokubili zifana kakhulu. Kokubili ukugqwayiza kwe-cutout nokugqwayiza kwe-silhouette kuwuhlobo lokugqwayiza olusebenzisa ukunqanyulwa kwephepha noma ezinye izinto zokwakha ukudala isigameko noma uhlamvu. 

Futhi womabili amasu angathathwa njengendlela encane yokugqwayiza kokunyakaza kokumisa. 

Uma kukhulunywa ngomehluko phakathi kwabo, okusobala kakhulu yindlela okukhanyiswa ngayo. Lapho ukugqwayiza kwe-cutout kukhanyisiwe, ake sithi kusukela emthonjeni wokukhanya ngenhla, ukugqwayiza kwe-silhouette kukhanyiswa kusuka ngezansi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwakha isitayela sokubukwayo lapho kubonakala khona ama-silhouette kuphela. 

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, i-silhouette animation iwuhlobo oluhlukile nolunobuciko lokugqwayiza olungasetshenziswa ukuxoxa izindaba ngendlela ebukekayo. Kuyindlela enhle yokwenza indaba iphile futhi ingasetshenziswa ukudala imithelela eyahlukene eyahlukene. Uma ubheke ukwenza upopayi oyingqayizivele futhi obukekayo, upopayi we-silhouette kufanele ucatshangelwe. 

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.