I-Ultra HD: Iyini Futhi Kungani Ungayisebenziseli?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 9, 2022

I-Ultra HD, eyaziwa nangokuthi 4K, iyindinganiso entsha yokulungiswa kwamathelevishini, amakhamera, nezinye izisetshenziswa.

Ngenani lamaphikseli aphindwe kane kunokulungiswa okujwayelekile kwe-HD, i-Ultra HD inikeza isithombe esibukhali kakhulu, esinombala othuthukisiwe nokugqama.

Lokhu kwenza i-Ultra HD isixazululo esifanelekile sokudlala imidlalo, ukubuka amamuvi, nokubuka izithombe namavidiyo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-Ultra HD, nokuthi ingakuthuthukisa kanjani ukubuka kwakho.

Incazelo ye-Ultra HD

I-Ultra High Definition, noma i-UHD ngamafuphi, intuthuko yakamuva ekulungisweni kwesithombe sikamabonakude nekhwalithi. I-UHD ithwebula kuze kube ngokuphindwe kane ukulungiswa kwe-HD ejwayelekile, okuholela ezithombeni ezicijile ezivela esikrinini ezinokucaca okukhulu nokuqina. I-UHD iphinde inikeze nge-gamut yombala ebanzi kunefomethi ye-HD evamile noma ye-Standard Definition (SD) kanye nezinga eliphezulu lozimele lokudlala ukunyakaza okushelelayo. Imininingwane eyengeziwe izoheha ababukeli ngezindlela ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili, idale umuzwa wokubuka omkhulu kunokuphila.

Ngokulungiswa kwayo okugcwele komdabu, i-UHD isebenzisa amaphikseli angu-3840 x 2160. Lokho kucishe kuphindeke kabili okuvundlile (amaphikiseli angu-1024) nokuma mpo (amaphikiseli angu-768) kwe-HD esebenzisa amaphikseli angu-1920 x 1080. Lokhu kubangela ukuthwebula kwe-4K njengoba kunamaphikseli aphelele acishe abe ngu-4x kunesithombe esijwayelekile se-HD. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HD, i-Ultra High Definition ngokusobala inokucebile kwesithombe nokucaca okuphakeme kanye nekhono elibanzi le-gamut lombala ukudala imibala ebukekayo yemvelo esikrinini ngaphandle kokwenziwa kwephikselikhi okuphawulekayo noma ukufiphala ngesikhathi sokunyakaza.

Ukulungiswa kwe-Ultra HD

I-Ultra HD (UHD) iwukulungiswa kwamaphikseli angu-3840 x 2160, ephakeme ngokuphindwe kane kunokulungiswa kwe-Full HD yamaphikiseli angu-1920 x 1080. Ama-TV e-UHD asedume kakhulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule, njengoba enikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe ebukhali kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-TV e-Full HD. Lesi sihloko sizofaka izinzuzo zokulungiswa kwe-Ultra HD futhi sibheke lokho okudingeka ukwazi lapho uthenga i-UHD TV.

Isixazululo se-4K

Ukulungiswa kwe-4K, okubuye kubizwe nge-UHD noma i-Ultra HD, kuyifomethi yevidiyo ehlinzeka ngokuphindwe kane kwemininingwane ye-1080p Full HD. Leli zinga lemininingwane livumela umbukeli ukuthi agxile emininingwaneni emincane ebonakalayo ngokucaca okukhulu kanye nokucijile.

Ukulungiswa kwe-Ultra HD kunikeza amaphikseli angu-3840 x 2160 esikrinini uma kuqhathaniswa no-1920 x 1080 ngesithombe se-Full HD. Ukucaca kwesithombe se-4K ngokuvamile kutholakala kuma-TV amakhulu nezibonisi kanye namafomethi emidiya yedijithali aphezulu njengamakhamera e-4K, ama-smartphone kanye nezinsizakalo zokusakaza ezifana ne-Netflix ne-YouTube. Ngokwamukelwa kwemidiya ye-4K kuya kusabalele kakhulu kuyo yomibili imigqa yomkhiqizo we-electronics abathengi kanye nabahlinzeki bokuqukethwe kwedijithali, le fomethi yokulungiswa ekhulayo idala umuzwa wokubuka ogxilile wabasebenzisi bayo ngezithombe ezihlanzekile nemibala egqamile.

Isixazululo se-8K

Ukulungiswa kwe-Ultra HD (UHD), okwaziwa nangokuthi ukulungiswa kwe-8K, kunikeza amaphikseli aphindwe kane kunokulungiswa kwe-4K UHD. Ukulungiswa kwe-8K kunamaphikseli aphindwe izikhathi eziyi-16 kunokulungiswa kwe-Full HD, okuholela ekubukhalini okungenakuqhathaniswa nokucaca kwezithombe. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-8K kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokubuka ngokunikeza imininingwane engenakuqhathaniswa nokucaca kwezithombe. Ngokulungiswa kwe-8K, izibukeli zingajabulela isithombe esicace kakhudlwana nesicace kakhudlwana kumasayizi wesikrini amakhulu ngokujula okukhulu nokuthungwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezikrini ezingu-4K noma ze-Full HD.

Ukuze uthole ileveli ephezulu kakhulu yekhwalithi yesithombe yesithombe se-Ultra HD, izibukeli zizodinga isibonisi esinokulungiswa okungu-8K nezinga lokuvuselela njenge-LG OLED 65” Ikilasi E7 Series 4K HDR Smart TV – OLED65E7P noma i-Sony BRAVIA XBR75X850D 75″ ikilasi (74.5) ″ idayisi). Lezi zibonisi zinenkumbulo eyanele ukukhombisa amaphikseli ayizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili endaweni yawo yonke kuze kufike ku-fps angamashumi ayisithupha (ozimele ngomzuzwana). Kubathandi bemidlalo abafisa ukujabulela izihloko zabo eziyintandokazi ezikrinini ezinkulu ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza nokubonwayo, i-8K iyindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo!

Ubuchwepheshe be-Ultra HD

I-Ultra HD, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-UHD noma i-4K, iyindinganiso entsha yokulungiswa kwevidiyo enamaphikseli aphindwe kabili njengokulungiswa okujwayelekile okungu-1080p HD. I-Ultra HD ifomethi yevidiyo yedijithali enokulungiswa kwamaphikseli angu-3840 ngo-2160, futhi inikeza umuzwa wokubuka obukhali ngenxa yenani elikhulu lamaphikseli. Lesi sihloko sizojula kubuchwepheshe obungemuva kwe-Ultra HD kanye nezinzuzo zokubuka okuqukethwe kulesi sinqumo.

Ibanga Eliphakeme Le-Dynamic (HDR)

I-High Dynamic Range (i-HDR) ubuchwepheshe obutholakala komabonakude be-Ultra HD obunikeza ububanzi obubanzi bokuqhathanisa namazinga ombala kunokusakazwa okuvamile kwe-UHD, okuholela ezithombeni eziningi ezifana nempilo ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe. I-HDR ivumela ama-TV ukuthi akhiqize okumhlophe okugqamile, kanye namazinga amnyama ajulile, okudala ukubukeka kwemvelo okwengeziwe. Ukukhanya okunyukile kusho nokuthi imibala ibonakala icace kakhudlwana, ithuthukisa noma yisiphi isithombe noma ividiyo ekhiqizwa esibukweni.

I-HDR yenziwa yenzeka ngokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezimbili—i-TV ngokwayo kanye nokuqukethwe okubukwayo. Ama-TV anikwe amandla i-HDR kufanele akwazi ukwamukela nokucubungula idatha evela kusiginali yevidiyo ye-HDR ngaphambi kokuthi iboniswe kahle esikrinini. Ngaphezu kokuba nesethi ehambisana ne-HDR, izibukeli kufanele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ziyafinyelela okuqukethwe kwe-UHD okusekela i-High Dynamic Range (HDR). Lokhu kungaba izinsiza zokusakaza ezifana ne-Netflix noma i-Amazon Prime Video; imidiya ebonakalayo efana ne-UHD Blu-ray noma ama-DVD; noma ukusakaza okuqukethwe okuvela kubahlinzeki be-TV njengekhebula noma amashaneli asethelayithi.

I-Wide Color Gamut (WCG)

Ubuchwepheshe be-Ultra HD (okwaziwa nangokuthi i-4K noma i-UHD) bunikeza ileveli entsha yonke yekhwalithi yesithombe, ehlanganisa ukucaca okuthuthukisiwe kanye ne-spectrum yombala. Ikakhulukazi, i-Ultra HD inweba ububanzi bemibala engasetshenziswa esithombeni ngasinye ukuze kukhiqizwe umuzwa wokubuka wekhwalithi ephezulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ngobuchwepheshe olwaziwa nge-Wide Color Gamut (WCG).

I-WCG isebenzisa izibonisi zesimanje ezinamandla anwetshiwe ebanga lombala. Ivumela inhlobo ebanzi kakhulu yemibala ukuthi itholakalele amalungu ezithameli ukuze ayisebenzise endaweni yokubonisa yedijithali. I-gamut yombala esezingeni eliphansi esetshenziswa kuma-TV e-Standard Definition kanye ne-High Definition inqunyelwe ukumbozwa kwebhendi yawo emincane kakhulu yemibala ebomvu, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (RGB). Ngosizo lwe-WCG, i-Ultra HD iyakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlanganisela ezingaphezu kwesigidi ngevelu ngayinye eyisisekelo ye-RGB futhi iyakwazi ukukhiqiza imibala ekhanya kakhulu kunangaphambili.

Ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kombala sekukonke, izinhlelo zokusakaza zizobukeka ziqhakazile futhi zigxile kakhulu ku-Ultra HD TV kunakuma-TV anencazelo evamile noma ama-TV anencazelo ephezulu uma okungenani asekela lobu buchwepheshe — ama-UHD TV asezingeni eliphezulu azokufaka ngokuzenzakalelayo kuma-TV awo. uhlu lokucaciswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukene zokuqukethwe ezifana nemidlalo yevidiyo namamuvi zizovela zinhle kakhulu futhi ziheha ngenxa nje yobuningi bazo obusha bemibala etholakalayo noma nini lapho i-Wide Color Gamut itholakala esikrinini.

Izinga Lozimele Eliphezulu (HFR)

I-High Frame Rate (i-HFR) iyingxenye ebalulekile yolwazi lokubuka lwe-Ultra HDTV. I-HFR ivumela izithombe ezibushelelezi ezinciphisa ukufiphala kokunyakaza futhi zilethe izithombe ezicacile. Uma kuhlanganiswe nokulungiswa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bemibala obuthuthukisiwe, lokhu kunikeza ukuzizwisa kokubuka okungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili.

Amazinga e-HFR ngokuvamile asukela ku-30 ​​kuya ku-120 wozimele ngomzuzwana (fps). Lokhu kungaholela ekugqwayizeni okushelelayo kanye nesithombe sokusakazwa kwezemidlalo esifana nempilo uma kuqhathaniswa nokusakaza okujwayelekile kwe-30 fps TV. Ama-TV anesilinganiso esiphezulu sozimele ahlinzeka ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, ukubambezeleka kokunyakaza okunciphile, kanye nokufiphala okuncane kokunyakaza okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yokubukwayo iyonke. Uma ubuka okuqukethwe kwe-Ultra HD ngedivayisi ehambisanayo njengesidlali se-Blu-ray noma isevisi yokusakaza-bukhoma, i-HFR isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kusikrini sakho se-Ultra HDTV.

Izinzuzo ze-Ultra HD

I-Ultra HD, noma i-4K, isiba yizinga kuvidiyo enencazelo ephezulu. Inikeza isithombe esibukhali, esinemininingwane eminingi kune-HD evamile futhi isici okufanele sibe naso kubadali bokuqukethwe abazimisele. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene ze-Ultra HD, njengokunemba okuthuthukisiwe kombala, ukulungiswa okuthuthukisiwe, nokugqama okuthuthukisiwe. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinzuzo ze-Ultra HD.

Ikhwalithi Yesithombe Ethuthukisiwe

I-Ultra HD, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-4K noma i-UHD, inikeza ukucaca kwesithombe okubukhali nokungcono kakhulu okutholakalayo namuhla. Inokulungiswa okuphindwe kane kwethelevishini ye-HD evamile, ehlinzeka ngemininingwane eyengeziwe kanye nezithombe zemvelo ezifana nempilo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amamuvi nezinhlelo ezithwetshulwa nge-Ultra HD zibukeka zicace kakhudlwana futhi zigqama kakhulu kumathelevishini e-Ultra HD uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqukethwe kwe-HD evamile. Ngohlu olubanzi lokulungiswa kombala kunama-TV amaningi avamile anemibala, omabonakude be-Ultra HD banikeza ukuhlukaniswa okungcono kwemibala enemibala enama-engeli okubuka abanzi—okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzizwisa ukubuka kwanoma yimuphi umdlalo we-TV noma imuvi. Impela, konke lokhu kuhumusha ukuzizwisa okungcono kokubuka ngemininingwane ebukhali kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe ethuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-TV.

Ukucwiliswa Okungeziwe

I-Ultra HD (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-UHD noma i-4K) iwukuthuthukiswa okungaphezu kwefomethi evamile yokucaca okuphezulu. Inikeza izinqumo eziphindwe kane ze-HD evamile, iletha amazinga amangalisayo emininingwane ekuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokucacile. Imibala egqamile, imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi, nokucaca okuthuthukisiwe ku-Ultra HD kungafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lamaqiniso futhi kwenze ukuzizwisa kwakho ukubuka kugxile kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Ultra HD busekela izinqumo ezingafika kumaphikseli angu-4096 x 2160, bunikeza ukulungiswa okungcono kakhulu kune-Full HD evamile kumaphikiseli angu-1920 x 1080. Ngohlu olubanzi lwemibala engenzeka, ihlinzeka ngohlelo lombala lwemvelo oluhlaba umxhwele ngokwanele ukubizwa ngokuthi "umbala weqiniso". Ngenxa yokuthi umabonakude ungabonisa ezinye izithombe eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-UHD ikunikeza isithombe esibonakala siseduze kakhulu neqiniso - ikakhulukazi lapho kukhulunywa khona amafilimu ezemidlalo namafilimu.

Ngaphandle kokulungiswa okukhulu, i-Ultra High Definition TV iphinde inikeze amanani okuvuselela afika ku-120 Hz uma kuqhathaniswa ne-60 Hz evamile esiza lapho ubuka amafilimu anezithombe ezinyakazayo njengoba kunoguquko olushelelayo phakathi kwamafreyimu anciphisa ukufiphala okucatshangelwayo namaphethelo amangelengele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-TV ane-Ultra HD anikeza ama-engeli okubuka abanzi ezibukelini eziningi ukuze wonke umuntu akwazi ukujabulela isithombe esicacile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlezi kuphi maqondana nesethi yethelevishini ngokwayo.

Ikhwalithi Engcono Yomsindo

I-Ultra HD inikeza ukusebenza komsindo okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HD evamile. Isebenza ngokusabalalisa umsindo ngenani elikhulu lamashaneli, ihlinzeka ngomsindo ocacile ogxile kakhulu futhi onemininingwane. Lesi phrezentheshini esikhulayo somsindo sivumela imininingwane eyengeziwe kokubili emculweni nasezingxoxweni, okuhlinzeka ngomuzwa ongcono kakhulu. I-Ultra HD futhi yenza kube lula ukubeka izinto nezinhlamvu ezindaweni ezithile ku-soundscape, futhi inikeze ukunemba okungcono kokudlala iziteshi eziningi. Zonke lezi zici zifaka isandla ekuzijabuliseni okugxile kakhulu lapho ubuka amamuvi noma udlala imidlalo yevidiyo.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, i-Ultra HD iyisibonisi esithuthuka ngokushesha kanye nobuchwepheshe bomthengi obusethelwe ukuletha izinqumo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezithombe namavidiyo abonakala efana nempilo. Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-UHD emakethe, zonke zinikeza ukuthuthukiswa kozakwabo abanokulungiswa okuphansi, okuvumela abathengi ukuthi bathole ukulungiswa okuphezulu okufana kakhulu nalokho okubonwa amehlo ethu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuthuthukisa umabonakude wakho noma ukuqapha, noma ucabangela amadivayisi okusakaza okuqukethwe kwedijithali afana nalawo ahlinzekwe yi-Netflix, idivayisi ye-Ultra HD ingakunikeza ukuzizwisa okujulile.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.