Ilensi yokusondeza: Iyini Futhi Kufanele Uyisebenzise Nini

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 28, 2022

Zoom ama-lens zingenye yezingcezu zemishini yokuthwebula izithombe, enikeza umthwebuli wezithombe inhlobonhlobo yezici nezinketho.

Ilensi yokusondeza ingasiza ekudaleni izithombe ezinhle ngemiphumela emihle ye-bokeh, noma ithwebule izihloko ezikude ngokucacile nangokunemba.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka kabanzi ukuthi iyini i-zoom lens, ukuthi yini engayenza, nokuthi uyisebenzisela nini amaphrojekthi akho wokuthatha izithombe.

Incazelo Yelensi Yokusondeza

Ezithombeni, i-zoom lens iwuhlobo lwelensi enobude bokugxila obuguquguqukayo. Amandla okushintsha ubude befocal aziwa ngokuthi ukusondeza. Ngelensi yokusondeza, abathwebuli bezithombe bangakwazi ukujwayela ngokushesha futhi kalula ukubuka kwabo esihlokweni esithwetshulwayo ngokulungisa ubude bokugxila.

Amalensi okusondeza asebenzisa amalensi angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukuhamba ngokuhlobene ukuze afinyelele osayizi abahlukene besithombe ebangeni elihlukile ukusuka entweni. Uhlobo ngalunye lwelensi yokusondeza lubonakala ngobubanzi bayo — isibonelo, 18–55 mm noma 70–200 mm — okubonisa ubude bokugxila obufushane nobude kakhulu lens engasethwa kubo. Ngokujwayelekile uma uqhelelene nesihloko sakho (isb, ukuhamba uhlehla), isithombe sakho sizoba sikhulu; ngokuphambene, uma useduze, kuzoba kuncane (isb, ukuhamba phambili).

Ama-zoom amaningi anebanga lamalensi angama-35mm. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ahlinzeka ngokuguquguquka kobuciko njengoba efanele amabanga ahlukahlukene okudubula kanye namafomethi awenza abe nezinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu kunamalensi ayinhloko, afaka ubude obugxilile obungakwazi ukulungiswa ngaphandle kokushintsha amalensi noma ukunamathisela izisetshenziswa zangaphandle ezifana nama-teleconverter. Ama-Zooms aphinde anikeze ukucija okungcono kunezinguqulo eziyinhloko.

Izinhlobo Zoom Lens

Amalensi okusondeza eza ngezinhlobo nosayizi abaningi futhi akhonjwa ngebanga lobude obugxilile - ukusuka kokufushane ukuya kubude. Lapho inombolo iphansi, i-engeli yokubuka iba banzi; inani eliphakeme, liba mncane. Amalensi okusondeza angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezintathu ezihlukene: ukusondeza kwe-engeli ebanzi, ukusondeza okujwayelekile, nokusondeza kwe-telephoto.

Amalensi okusondeza ane-engeli ebanzi anikeza i-engeli yokubuka ebanzi kunalokho ongayithola ngelensi yobude obugxilile obugxilile noma ilensi yokusondeza evamile. Lokhu kuyinketho enhle uma ufuna ukuthwebula ama-panorama abanzi noma uvumelane nezigcawu ezinkulu zangaphandle ezithombeni zakho ngoba zicindezela izinto ezikude zehlisa ukuhlanekezela kokubuka futhi zikwenze ukwazi ukuthwebula yonke into ekuzimele wakho.

Amalensi okusondeza ajwayelekile anobubanzi obumaphakathi bokugxila obusuka ku-24 kuye ku-70mm kumamodeli amaningi. Anikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kunamalensi obude obugxilile obugxilile ngenxa yekhono lawo lokulungisa ngokushesha ukusuka kumashothi aphakathi nendawo kuye kokuvala eduze. Lezi zinhlobo zama-zoom lens zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngemisebenzi eminingi njengokuthatha izithombe zohambo, umsebenzi wamadokhumentari, imicimbi yasendlini, ukuthwebula izithombe ezibukwayo noma izifinyezo zansuku zonke.

Amalensi e-Telephoto zoom afaka ubude bokugxila obude obuqala cishe ku-70mm noma ngaphezulu futhi bunwebeka bufika kumamilimitha angamakhulu ambalwa (noma ngaphezulu kwalokho). Lezi zinhlobo zamalensi zihamba phambili ekwenzeni izifundo ezikude zibonakale ziseduze lapho kudutshulwa izindawo, ukuthwebula izithombe zezilwane zasendle kanye nemicimbi yezemidlalo ngaphandle kokudinga amanani eqile amagiya afana nama-tripods nama-monopod ngenxa yokuthi izinza lawo ezibonakalayo eziqinile ezinciphisa ukuzamazama kwekhamera.

Izinzuzo

Amalensi okusondeza anikeza ukuhlukahluka kubathwebuli bezithombe, njengoba enikeza i-engeli ebanzi yokubuka kanye nekhono lokusondeza nokuthwebula imininingwane eyengeziwe. Amalensi e-Zoom alungele ukuthwebula indawo kanye nokuthwebula izilwane zasendle ezidinga ukusondezwa ukuze kugxilwe kuzo okunembayo kusuka kude. Kukhona ezinye izinzuzo zokusondeza amalensi esizozibheka manje.

yizinhlobonhlobo

Amalensi okusondeza anikeza ukuguquguquka okuthuthukile kubathwebuli bezithombe bazo zonke izinhlobo, noma ngabe bangochwepheshe abanolwazi noma bavele bakhululeke ngemishini ethuthuke kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amalensi okusondeza angashintsha ubude bokugxila belensi - akuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ukubuka i-engeli ebanzi, noma i-telephoto kuye ngokuthi yini evumelana nendawo yesehlakalo. Leli khono lokushintsha phakathi kwebanga lobude obuhambisanayo bokugxila lizenza zibe zinhle kubo bobabili abaqalayo, abangakwazi ukufunda ukuqamba kahle izithombe zabo, kanye nochwepheshe abafuna ukudala izithombe ezinhle kakhulu.

Amalensi okusondeza nawo avula amathuba obuhlakani - ikakhulukazi ngezithombe ezima ngobude. Abakwazi nje kuphela ukuthwebula amashothi asondelene namashothi aqinile okungenzeka kube nzima uma ubusebenzisa ilensi eyinhloko (ilensi yobude obugxilile obugxilile), kodwa futhi ungashintsha phakathi kobubanzi obuhlukahlukene kanye nemibono ngesikhathi sokuthwebula. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ezimbalwa zalezi zinhlobo zamalensi zifakwe izici zokuqinisa isithombe, uzoba nesikhathi esilula sokuthola izithombe ezicijile ezimeni eziphansi zokukhanya ngaphandle kokuthi uthembele kuzivinini zokuvala izinto ezinde noma isivinini sefilimu esisheshayo.

Lezi zici zihlangene zenza ama-zoom lens afiseleke ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezimo - kusukela ekuthathweni kwezithombe ze-landscape lapho kungase kube usizo ukusondeza endaweni engayodwa ukuze ubhekisise ngaphandle kokuzalula ngokomzimba; izithombe zezemidlalo lapho izifundo zingahamba ngokushesha futhi zidinga ukunemba okuqondile; izithombe zezilwane zasendle ukusuka ebangeni eliphephile; izithombe ezinkulu lapho izilungiselelo zembobo emincane zilungile; nokunye okuningi! Ekugcineni ama-zoom lens anikeza ukuguquguquka amalensi ayinhloko angeke akwazi ukukunikeza - ngakho ukuba nomqondo ovulekile kuzinketho ezahlukene kungase kuholele ikhono lakho ukuthi libekwe ezindaweni ezintsha!

Ikhwalithi yesithombe

Uma usebenzisa i-zoom lens, ikhwalithi yesithombe etholiwe iboshelwa ngokuqondile nezici zelensi ethile esetshenziswayo. Ezingeni lentengo eliphansi, amalensi amaningi okusondeza awalethi isithombe esicijile njengelensi eyinhloko — enezici zangaphakathi eziningi ezisiza ebukhalini besithombe. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yanamuhla ekukhiqizweni kwamalensi idlula kuleyo migoqo futhi kunezinketho eziningi zamalensi okusondeza ikhwalithi anokulungiswa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqhathanisa ngobude obuhlukahlukene bokugxila.

Amalensi okusondeza anganikeza nokuguquguquka okukhulu uma kuziwa ezimeni zokudubula kanye nemibono, anikeze abathwebuli bezithombe ukulawula okuhlakaniphile kwezithombe zabo. Ngokushintsha ubude bokugxilile, bangakwazi ukulungisa kalula inkambu yabo yokubuka kuyilapho begcina ikhamera isendaweni egxilile ngokuhlobene nesihloko sabo. Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi uma uthwebula ezindaweni ezimpintshana noma ezindaweni ezibambekile ezingakhawulela ikhono lomthwebuli wezithombe lokuqamba isithombe sakhe ngokwanele nganoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lwamalensi. Enye inzuzo eyinhloko lapha ukuthi akusadingeki uzungeze amalensi ayinhloko amaningi uma ungafuni - esikhundleni salokho ungasebenzisa ilensi yokusondeza eguquguqukayo eyodwa ehlanganisa bonke ubude bokugxila obufisayo ngokulungiswa okuhle nokugqamayo.

Kuqiza kahle

I-zoom lens ingaba indlela engabizi kakhulu yokubeka i-DSLR yakho ngokuhamba kwayo. Amalensi okusondeza ayabiza kancane kunamalensi ayinhloko, anobude obugxilile obugxilile. Amalensi okusondeza nawo alula futhi aminyene kakhudlwana, okuwusizo ekuhambeni nezindawo, kanye nokuthwebula izithombe zasemgwaqeni noma zedokhumentari. Ukwengeza, ukuba nekhono lokushintsha ubude obugxilile ukusuka ku-engeli ebanzi ukuya ku-telephoto kusho ukuthi awudingi amalensi amaningana ayinhloko anobude obuhlukile bokugxila ukuze uhlanganise zonke izidingo zakho - ukonga imali egiyeni.

Okokugcina, uma uthenga ilensi yokusondeza enesithombe esizinzile (IS) eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, uzokwazi ukuthwebula izithombe ezipholile ngisho noma ubambe ngesandla ngesivinini sokuvala obekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwe-IS. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthwebule ngaphandle kokuzungeza i-tripod enkulu noma ezinye izikhwezi ukuze uthole ukuzinza okwengeziwe okuyenza ingabizi kakhulu ngokwesikhathi namandla asetshenziswe ekusethweni nasekuhlukaniseni izisetshenziswa.

Isetshenziswa nini i-Zoom Lens

Ukukhetha kahle ilensi uma ushutha kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yezithombe namavidiyo akho. Lapho ukhetha ilensi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi usetshenziswa nini ilensi yokusondeza nokuthi ungayifuna nini ilensi yobude obugxilile obugxilile. Amalensi okusondeza angaba wusizo ngendlela emangalisayo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokudubula. Ake sibheke ukuthi kufanele usebenzise nini i-zoom lens nokuthi ingakuzuzisa kanjani ukuthwebula kwakho.

Ukuthwebula Kwezwe

Uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni i-Zoom Lens yezithombe zokuma kwezwe, kufanele wazi ukuthi amalensi amaningi okusondeza ngeke agcine ukucija okukhulu ngobude bawo bokugxila obude uma eqhathaniswa namalensi aphambili. Kodwa-ke, njengoba sekushiwo, izici ezimbalwa ezihlanganiswe nokukwazi ukulungisa kalula ukwakheka kwakho ngaphandle kokuhamba noma ukushintsha indawo yekhamera yakho kusengakufanelekela ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-zoom lens.

Amalensi e-engeli abanzi (14 – 24mm) alungele ukuthwebula indawo enwetshiwe nezigcawu ezinkulu, kuyilapho u-24 – 70mm noma 24 – 105mm ngokuvamile evame ukuba yibanga eliphakanyisiwe lapho ufuna ilensi yenhloso yonke. Ukuze uthole ezinye izindawo ezihlukile, njengeziqongo zezintaba ezimangalisayo, izilwane zasendle ezindaweni / iziqiwi zezilwane zasendle kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ze-astro, 70 – 300mm nangaphezulu ziguquguquka kakhulu ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezibanzi ngokufinyelela kwe-telephoto ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo.

Noma ngabe yiluphi uhlobo lwesithombe sokwakheka kwezwe olukukhanga kakhulu, cishe kukhona ilensi yokusondeza ezosiza ukuthwebula izithombe ezinhle. Okubalulekile ukukhetha leyo ehambisana nesabelomali sakho nezidingo zokudala.

Photrait Photography

Ukuthwebula izithombe ngobude kuvame ukufinyelelwa kangcono kusetshenziswa i-zoom lens. Ikhono lokusondeza ilensi yakho likuvumela ukuthi udale izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zabantu ngaphandle kokuthi uzinyakaze futhi uzibeke kabusha ukuze uthole uzimele nokuqanjwa okufanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukwazi ukusebenzisa ilensi eyinhloko, izokunikeza ukubukeka okuhlukile njengoba ikunikeza indawo yokubuka emincane—ngamanye amazwi ongakubona ngesitholi sokubuka kukhawulelwe ukuze ube negumbi elincane lokunyakazisa lapho uqamba isithombe. Kanjalo, abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi abangochwepheshe bakhetha i-telephoto noma amalensi e-telephoto amaphakathi ezithombeni zabo ngenxa yokunwebeka okungeziwe kokukwazi ukusondeza ngaphandle nangaphakathi kuye ngezidingo zesihloko sabo (noma hlobo luni lomphumela wokudala abangathanda ukuwufinyelela. ). Amalensi e-Telephoto avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthwebula izithombe kwezemidlalo ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuthwebula izinto ezikude. Ukufinyelela okude futhi kunikeza abathwebuli bezithombe izinketho ezengeziwe lapho bethwebula ngokukhanya kwemvelo, njengoba bengakwazi ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa ibanga phakathi kwabo nesihloko sabo kuyilapho begcina izinto ngaphakathi kohlaka.

Izithombe Zezemidlalo Nezilwane Zasendle

Ezemidlalo nezithombe zezilwane zasendle ngokuvamile zidinga isivinini esisheshayo futhi zingadinga ukuthwebula isihloko esisodwa esisuka kude. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-telephoto noma i-zoom lens ingasiza ukufeza isibhamu oyifunayo. Amalensi e-Telephoto eza ngosayizi nobude obuhlukahlukene, kanti u-70mm uyindawo enhle yokuqala uma usaqala.

Lawa ma-lens akuvumela ukuthi usondeze esihlokweni sakho kuyilapho futhi ekunikeza indawo yokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni njengoba kudingeka. Isivinini se-shutter esisheshayo sisiza ukumisa isenzo futhi sigcine yonke into ibukhali, ngakho ukuba nelensi esheshayo kubalulekile kwezemidlalo nezithombe zezilwane zasendle. Ukushesha kokuvula kanye nobubanzi obugxilile belensi, yilapho uzoba nokuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekuthwebuleni kwakho.

Amalensi e-Telephoto afaneleka ngokukhethekile imisebenzi enokunyakaza okulinganiselwe kanye nezemidlalo ezibandakanya izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile njengemicimbi yethrekhi nenkundla kanye nemijaho yezimoto. Ezemidlalo lapho abadlali bahlukaniswa khona amabanga amakhudlwana njengegalofu, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi noma ukuntweza emanzini kungathathwa kalula kusetshenziswa ilensi ye-telephoto, ngoba ithwebula imininingwane ikude kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamalensi ezingafinyelelwa.

Ngakho-ke uma unentshisekelo yokudubula izilwane zasendle noma izithombe zezemidlalo njalo, ukutshala imali kwilensi yocingo yekhwalithi engu-70-300mm cishe kuzokunikeza imbuyiselo enhle mayelana nezithombe ezithuthukisiwe. Amandla wokusondeza akuvumela ukuthi uthwebule kalula inani lemininingwane emangalisayo enikezwa yilezi zihloko ezimangalisayo kuyilapho uvumela imibono yokubuka eduze engafinyeleleki ngamalensi endabuko “ekhithi” afana nokusondeza okungu-18-55mm okuvamise ukuza kuhlanganiswe nama-SLR edijithali uma kuthengwa amasha.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ama-zoom lens ahlinzeka abathwebuli bezithombe ithuluzi lokudala eliguquguqukayo neliguquguqukayo. Zikuvumela ukuthi usuke ngokushesha ku-engeli ebanzi uye ekubukeni kwe-telephoto ngaphandle kokuthi ushintshe amalensi. Ukwazi ukuthi uyisebenzise nini i-zoom lens kungakusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ezithombeni zakho. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe uthwebula indawo, izithombe, izithombe zokuhamba, nanoma yini enye, i-zoom lens ingaba yinketho enhle.

Isifinyezo

Kafushane, i-zoom lens iwuhlobo lwelensi yekhamera ekuvumela ukuthi ugxile ezintweni ezikude. Inekhono "lokusondeza" kanye "nokuhlehlisa" ukushintsha indawo yokubuka esithombeni njengoba kudingeka. Amalensi okusondeza aguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo, awenza alungele izinjongo ezahlukahlukene zezithombe ezifana nezindawo, izithombe, izithombe zezemidlalo, izithombe zezilwane zasendle, nokuningi.

Lapho unquma ukuthi iyiphi ilensi yokusondeza ongayengeza eqoqweni lakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezifana nobubanzi obugxilile (i-engeli ebanzi noma i-telephoto), usayizi wokuvula umkhawulo, ikhwalithi yokwakha (insimbi uma iqhathaniswa nepulasitiki), isisindo nosayizi welensi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi i-zoom lens oyikhethayo, qiniseka ukuthi izokunikeza ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kwezidingo zakho zokuthwebula izithombe.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.