Aperture: Nws yog dab tsi hauv koob yees duab?
aperture yog qhov tseem ceeb lub koob yees duab feature uas cuam tshuam rau tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas ncav cuag lub koob yees duab lub sensor nyob rau hauv ib tug muab. Nws yog qhov qhib nyob rau hauv lub lens uas txiav txim siab npaum li cas lub teeb tso cai rau hla dhau thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau sharpness ntawm daim duab.
Aperture kuj cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw uas yog tsom. Rau ib qho kev nthuav tawm, qhov me me aperture yuav tsim thaj chaw loj dua hauv kev tsom xam thaum lub aperture loj dua yuav tsim thaj chaw me me hauv kev tsom.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tham txog dab tsi aperture yog thiab yuav siv nws li cas kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua:
Hauv kab ntawv no peb yuav npog:
Kev txhais ntawm Aperture
aperture yog qhov teeb tsa ntawm cov koob yees duab yees duab uas tswj qhov loj ntawm lub lens qhib, lossis iris. Nws txiav txim siab npaum li cas lub teeb yuav dhau mus kom ncav cuag cov duab sensor. Aperture loj yog feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv f- nres, thiab nws tuaj yeem nyob ntawm qhov qis tshaj (qhov qhib dav tshaj plaws) mus rau qhov muaj nuj nqis siab (qhov qhib me me).
Los ntawm kev hloov lub aperture, koj tuaj yeem tswj tsis tau tsuas yog koj qhov raug, tab sis kuj koj tob ntawm daim teb - Ntau npaum li cas ntawm koj daim duab yuav ua kom pom tseeb. Tus nqi aperture loj dua txhais tau tias tsawg dua ntawm koj cov duab yuav ua kom pom tseeb, ua kom pom qhov muag plooj thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li npau suav. Cov apertures me me tsim qhov tob dua ntawm qhov chaw, ua txhua yam hauv tsom - zoo tagnrho rau toj roob hauv pes thiab pab pawg txhaj tshuaj.
Aperture cuam tshuam li cas
aperture yog ib qho adjustable qhib nyob rau hauv ib lub lens uas tso cai rau lub teeb hla thiab mus txog lub koob yees duab cov duab sensor. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov qhib no tuaj yeem hloov pauv kom tswj tau lub teeb nkag mus rau lub lens. Qhov kev tswj no tso cai rau cov kws yees duab los kho cov raug, los yog brightness, ntawm lawv cov duab nyob rau hauv ntau yam teeb pom kev zoo.
Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub lens, nws dhau los ntawm qhov kho tau qhov aperture, uas muaj lub nplhaib nrog ntau cov hniav uas tsim qhov qhib. Cov hniav tuaj yeem qhib lossis kaw nyob ntawm seb lub teeb xav tau ntau npaum li cas rau qhov raug raug. Qhov no feem ntau hu ua aperture loj thiab ntsuas hauv f- nres - tus nqi tus lej uas feem ntau nyob nruab nrab ntawm f/1.4 thiab f/22 rau feem ntau lo ntsiab muag. Lub aperture loj dua txhais tau tias ntau lub teeb yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab, ua rau muaj duab ci dua; conversely, nrog ib tug me me aperture, tsawg lub teeb yuav nkag mus rau koj lub koob yees duab uas ua rau ib tug maub yees duab.
Kev siv cov f-nres sib txawv kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov ntawm cov duab zoo li. Lub aperture loj dua (qis dua f-nres) tuaj yeem tsim qhov tob tob-ntawm-teb ntxiv nrog rau qhov ua kom pom qhov muag tsis pom tseeb thiab bokeh zoo; thaum siv qhov me me aperture (ntau dua f-stop) yuav ua rau kom qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw thaum txo qis tom qab qhov muag plooj thiab bokeh zoo hauv cov duab.
Aperture nqis muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov koob yees duab digital niaj hnub no, ob qho tib si taw tes thiab tua qauv nrog rau ntau lub koob yees duab DSLR sophisticated nrog interchangeable lo ntsiab muag. Paub txog yuav ua li cas kho nws qhov chaw kom zoo kom pom qhov pom tau zoo rau ntau hom duab!
Nkag siab Aperture Values
Lub aperture ntawm lub koob yees duab yog qhov qhib rau hauv lub lens uas tso cai rau lub teeb hla thiab ncav cuag cov duab sensor. Aperture yog ntsuas hauv f- num, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov focal ntev thiab qhov loj ntawm lub lens qhib.
Pib nrog koj tus kheej nres cov lus tsa suab storyboards
Sau npe yuav mus rau peb tsab ntawv xov xwm thiab tau txais koj dawb download nrog peb storyboards. Pib nrog coj koj cov dab neeg ciaj sia!
Peb tsuas yog siv koj li email chaw nyob rau peb tsab ntawv xov xwm thiab hwm koj tus kheej
Paub txog yuav ua li cas kho tus nqi aperture yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ntes cov duab zoo kawg nkaus, yog li cia peb saib zoo dua. aperture nqi thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas.
F-Stops thiab T-Stops
Ib qho kev ntsuas feem ntau rau kev ntsuas tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas lub lens cia los ntawm lub npe hu ua f nres or f- num. F nres yog nyob ntawm a piv, uas piav qhia ntau npaum li cas lub teeb kis tau los ntawm lub lens. Apertures nrog ntau dua f nres tus lej sib raug rau cov lo ntsiab muag nrog cov lo ntsiab muag me, uas tso cai rau lub teeb tsawg. Piv txwv li, aperture ntawm F / 2.8 cia rau hauv ob npaug ntau npaum li lub teeb raws li ib tug aperture ntawm F / 4.
Tib lub mis yog siv los xam t- nres, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv thiab f-stops uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum tua nrog cov koob yees duab tshaj lij. Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig tau hais tawm yuav zoo ib yam (piv txwv li, F / 2 thiab T2), t-nres ntsuas qhov kis tau tus mob tiag tiag thaum lub f-stop ntsuas lub teeb txheeb ze rau qhov loj ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag.
Hauv lwm lo lus, tag nrho lwm yam sib npaug, lub lens nres mus f / 2 yuav cia nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ntawm t/ 2 vim qee qhov poob ntawm lub sensor thiab qhov chaw koj txiav txim siab qhov raug tus nqi - feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag ntawm koj lub lo ntsiab muag. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj tsom ib lub lens tshwj xeeb rau infinity ntawm ob qho tib si t thiab f-stop chaw koj yuav pom txog 1/3 EV sib txawv (1 nres) nruab nrab ntawm lawv vim yog qhov poob los ntawm kev xav sab hauv hauv feem ntau lub kaum sab xis zoom thaum nres los ntawm qhov qhib dav - yog li tsis yog txhua lub lo ntsiab muag yuav coj zoo ib yam ntawm no ib yam!
Aperture Khwv Nyiaj
aperture yog qhov chaw kho tau hauv cov koob yees duab digital uas tswj qhov loj ntawm qhov qhib ntawm lub lens lub diaphragm. Nws feem ntau hu ua "f-nres"los yog focal ratio, thiab nws yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug series ntawm f-number xws li f/2.8, f/5.6 thiab lwm yam. Cov kab no, tseem hu ua ib aperture ntau, yog hais txog qhov me me thiab loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub lens qhib muaj nyob rau ntawm lub koob yees duab tshwj xeeb.
Feem ntau hais lus, tus lej aperture qis dua yuav ua rau lub lens loj dua, uas tso cai rau lub teeb ntau dua los ntawm lub sensor nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
- Cov duab ci dua nrog lub suab qis dua
- Shallower qhov tob ntawm daim teb uas yuav pab kos xim rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Feem ntau siv cov nqi qis aperture suav nrog f/1.4 thiab f/2.8 rau lub lens ci dua uas xav tau lub teeb tsawg dua rau kev ua haujlwm zoo. Ntau tus lej muaj nuj nqis xws li f/11 los yog f/16 feem ntau yog ua haujlwm nrog cov lo ntsiab muag qeeb uas xav tau lub teeb ntau dua ntawm lub sijhawm twg los txhawm rau txhawm rau ntes cov duab huv si yam tsis muaj suab nrov dhau los yog grainy zoo ntawm qhov chaw siab dua ISO.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev nkag siab Aperture Khwv Nyiaj suav nrog kev lees paub nws txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm ISO rhiab heev teeb tsa thiab qib ci ci - qis aperture qhov tseem ceeb tsim cov duab ci dua qhov uas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig aperture ntau dua tuaj yeem pab khaws tag nrho cov duab hauv kev tsom mus rau qhov muag tsis pom cov ntsiab lus tom qab thaum xav tau kev txhaj tshuaj tob-ntawm-qhov xav tau.
Aperture thiab qhov tob ntawm teb
aperture yog qhov teeb tsa ntawm koj lub koob yees duab lens uas cuam tshuam rau qhov pom ntawm koj daim duab. Nws tseem yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog kom tau txais cov duab kos uas koj xav tau. Los ntawm kev hloov lub aperture, koj tuaj yeem tswj tus nqi ntawm lub teeb nkag mus rau lub lens, nrog rau tob ntawm daim teb.
Kab lus no yuav tshawb txog qhov cov txiaj ntsig ntawm aperture thiab yuav ua li cas nws cuam tshuam qhov tob ntawm daim teb.
Qhov tob tob ntawm teb
Qhov tob tob ntawm daim teb yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm a loj aperture teeb. Los ntawm kev nce qhov loj ntawm koj qhov aperture (tsawg f-tus lej), tsawg dua ntawm koj daim duab yuav ua kom pom tseeb, ua rau qhov tob tob ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov tob tob ntawm thaj teb feem ntau yog qhov xav tau rau cov duab portraits, macro photography thiab cov duab toj roob hauv pes uas koj xav cais koj cov ntsiab lus ntawm lawv keeb kwm yav dhau los lossis pem hauv ntej. Nws ntxiv ua yeeb yam rau cov duab thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov duab zoo nkauj yog tias siv kom raug.
Los ntawm qhib koj lub aperture (me me f-number) thiab siv a dav lub lens Nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov kev kawm, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tiag tiag nrog cov teeb pom kev qis xws li hnub poob lossis sab hauv tsev yam tsis tas yuav siv ntau dua ISO. Koj yuav tsum tau siv ib lossis ob lub flashes sab nraud lossis cov cuab yeej teeb pom kev zoo rau kev ua kom pom tseeb thiab tau txais cov kws tshaj lij zoo saib rau koj cov duab. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm loj apertures (f / 2.8 - f / 4) nrog luv focal lengths (14mm - 50mm) thaum thaij duab hauv qhov chaw teeb pom kev tsawg feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo!
Qhov tob tob ntawm teb
Qhov tob tob ntawm qhov chaw tshwm sim thaum muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv tsom hauv daim duab. Thaum tua nrog qhov tob tob ntawm thaj teb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv qhov chaw aperture loj thiab nqaim koj qhov kev tsom mus rau keeb kwm yav dhau thiab foreground ntawm daim duab. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa koj lub koob yees duab aperture rau nws qhov chaw tsawg tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev ua qhov no, lub teeb nkag mus rau lub lens tuaj yeem raug txwv ntxiv, ua rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw.
Qhov tob ntawm thaj teb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke xws li shutter ceev thiab lub lens focal ntev - ob qho tib si ntawm kev sib tshuam. Thaum tua nrog lub lens wide-angle (qhov twg lub teeb nkag tau yooj yim dua thiab ua kom qhov tob tob), siv lub kaw lus qeeb qeeb thaum zooming tawm thiab tsom mus rau cov khoom nyob deb yuav ua rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw raug ntes. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum tua nrog lub lens telephoto (qhov twg tsuas yog me me ntawm lub teeb nkag) ntawm qhov ceev shutter ceev yuav ua rau kom pom tseeb rau cov khoom nyob ze uas ua rau qhov tob tob raug ntes thiab.
Aperture thiab Motion Blur
aperture yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub koob yees duab. Nws yog ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub lens uas tswj cov npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb lub lens cia nyob rau hauv. Aperture kuj muaj ib tug ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub tob ntawm daim teb, uas yog thaj tsam ntawm ib daim duab uas yog tsom. Tsis tas li ntawd, aperture kuj plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus nqi cov lus tsa suab plooj tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib daim duab.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav saib ze rau ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm aperture thiab motion plooj.
Fast Aperture
A ceev aperture yog lub lens nrog qhov qhib dav uas tso cai rau ntau lub teeb nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab sensor thaum ntes cov duab lossis yees duab. Qhov dav ntawm qhov aperture, qhov nrawm nrawm tuaj yeem siv tau, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev ntes cov khoom txav. Nws kuj txo qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv qee qhov xwm txheej. Hauv lwm lo lus, lub lens aperture ceev yuav tso cai rau koj thaij duab hauv lub teeb qis dua yam tsis muaj qhov muag plooj lossis lub suab nrov vim qeeb shutter speeds lossis siab ISO.
Fast apertures feem ntau hu ua loj apertures or qis f-tus lej (feem ntau f/2.8 los yog tsawg dua). Lub aperture loj muab qhov tob tob ntawm qhov chaw, uas tso cai rau koj kom pom cov keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab tsim cov duab zoo nkauj. Thaum tua toj roob hauv pes thiab architecture, muaj lub kaum sab xis dav nrog me me f-tus lej ua qhov tseem ceeb dua vim lawv tuaj yeem tso rau hauv lub teeb ntau dua thaum khaws cia thaj tsam ntawm koj qhov kev sib xyaw ntse.
Qhov loj dua qhov aperture, qhov luv luv koj lub sij hawm raug tuaj yeem yog thaum thaij duab txav khoom (piv txwv li, tsheb) lossis zam lub koob yees duab co (piv txwv li, handheld nightshots). Nrog lub lens ultra-ceev ceev zoo li ib f/1.4 tsi, cov kws yees duab tuaj yeem tso siab rau qhov dav dav ntawm kev tswj hwm thaj chaw nrog rau lub teeb pom kev zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj muaj tswv yim yam tsis muaj suab nrov plooj ruining lawv cov ntsiab lus-zoo meej rau kev yees duab hmo ntuj thiab hauv nroog scenes!
Slow Aperture
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub aperture qeeb yog motionblur. Los ntawm kev txo qhov aperture loj, ntau lub sij hawm muab rau lub teeb kom dhau los ntawm lub lens, yog li ua kom nws yooj yim rau kev ntes cov lus tsa suab thiab ua kom nws zoo li qhov pom kev zoo nkauj. Thaum tua cov ntsiab lus txav nrawm dua, teeb tsa lub aperture ob peb nres qeeb yuav qhia meej meej nws cov kev txav hauv ntau cov duab dhau sijhawm thiab ua rau cov lus tsa suab plooj.
Txawm hais tias qeeb qeeb qeeb qeeb qeeb tuaj yeem ua kom khov, siv lub aperture qeeb pab tsim lub sijhawm ntev dua yam tsis tas yuav nce ISO lossis txo qhov nrawm. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem qis uas yuav xav tau ib lossis ob qho ntawm cov kev hloov kho.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txo qhov aperture loj muab ntau dua qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw (tseem hu ua keeb kwm yav dhau), tso cai rau koj cais koj cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws ib puag ncig thiab tsom mus rau qhov koj xav qhia hauv koj daim duab. Cov nyhuv no tau siv rau kaum xyoo tom qab kaum xyoo hauv kev yees duab; Piv txwv li, qhov muag plooj tawm lwm cov ntsiab lus lossis cov neeg uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm koj lub tswv yim qub los ntawm kev tso lawv tsis meej hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav pab rov qab saib xyuas koj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab txhim kho nws qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg saib.
Aperture thiab Low Light
aperture muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau koj cov duab thaij hauv qhov chaw qis qis. Hauv kev yees duab, qhov no yog hais txog qhov loj ntawm lub qhov ntawm lub lens uas tswj tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab sensor. A loj aperture cia ntau lub teeb nyob rau hauv, ua rau ib tug brighter yees duab. A me aperture cia lub teeb tsawg dua, thiab xav tau sijhawm ntxiv los tsim cov duab ci dua. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau tshwj xeeb hauv low-light scenarios.
Tsawg Lub Teeb Duab
Thaum yees duab nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem uas tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo, nkag siab lub khob hliav qab thiab aperture nqis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Aperture yog qhov loj ntawm qhov qhib hauv lub koob yees duab lens lub diaphragm thiab yog li tus nqi ntawm lub teeb ntes. Apertures muaj los ntawm F2 txog F16 thiab ib qho kev hloov kho feem ntau nyob nruab nrab ntawm, nyob ntawm lub koob yees duab qauv.
Yog tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev yees duab xav tau kev nthuav dav ntxiv lossis qhov sib txawv, ces xaiv qhov aperture me dua –– kaw los yog shrinking lub lens qhib –– yog tsim nyog. Qhov me me aperture tswj cov teeb pom kev zoo dua kom ncav cuag lub koob yees duab sensor ua rau cov duab zoo dua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo.
Ntau cov kws yees duab muaj caij nyoog xav kom nco qab qhov chaw aperture loj dua, xws li F2, cia nyob rau hauv ntau lub teeb whereas me me aperture ntau thiab tsawg xws li F4 yuav txo cov teeb pom kev zoo, ua rau nws nyuaj me ntsis thaum tua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qis qis. Thaum ntsib qhov tsaus ntuj lossis teeb pom kev zoo tsis zoo ib txwm ua rau koj lub shutter ceev thiab ISO es tsis txhob hloov koj lub koob yees duab cov teeb tsa teeb pom kev zoo; qhov no tuav ruaj khov pixilation ntawm cov duab thaum muab cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav thaum luam tawm ntawm qhov loj me -– zoo dua rau cov ntawv xov xwm glossy thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm!
Wide Aperture Settings
rau Kev yees duab qis, wide aperture settings (qis f/number) tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tso lub teeb ntau dhau los ntawm lub lens mus rau lub koob yees duab sensor. Lub aperture dav kuj pab txo lub koob yees duab co vim lub sij hawm ntev raug xav tau nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj. Txhawm rau kom ua tiav qhov tob tob ntawm cov teebmeem hauv cheeb tsam lossis kev xaiv ua kom pom tseeb, qhov dav dua apertures lossis qis f / tus lej nqis tau pom zoo.
Thaum koj nce koj qhov aperture loj, qhov loj ntawm txhua qhov "nres" ntawm cov nplais me me thiab yog li tus nqi ntawm lub teeb uas cia nyob rau hauv nce exponentially. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog tias koj muab ob npaug rau koj qhov aperture loj ntawm ib qho f-stop mus rau lwm qhov, koj cia ob npaug ntau npaum li lub teeb hauv nrog txhua kauj ruam nce thiab thaum mus los ntawm ib qho chaw nres tsheb koj yog halving nws.
Thaum tua nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsis tshua muaj teeb meem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub ntau npaum li cas txhua qhov nres cuam tshuam rau qhov raug thiab lub suab nrov npaum li cas los ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv. Feem ntau hais lus, txhua qhov nres tag nrho koj nce muaj kwv yees li ob zaug nrov nrov txuam nrog nws vim muaj ntau photons ntaus lub sensor ntawm ib lub sij hawm thiab yog li qhia ntau variance ntawm lawv.
Nyob zoo, Kuv yog Kim, niam thiab ib tus neeg nyiam nres nrog keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv kev tshaj tawm thiab kev txhim kho lub vev xaib. Kuv muaj kev mob siab rau kev kos duab thiab kev ua yeeb yam, thiab tam sim no kuv tab tom dhia taub hau ua ntej mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nres. Nrog rau kuv qhov blog, Kuv tabtom qhia kuv cov kev kawm nrog koj.
