Misa kufamba animation: chii?

by kim Updated: June 20, 2022

Stop motion animation ichiri kutenderera, uye ungangove wakaiona mune zvekutengesa kana mamwe emafirimu ane mukurumbira, saTim Burton's. Chitunha (2015) kana firimu rake rine mukurumbira, The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).

Iwe unogona kunge uchinakidzwa neakamira anofamba mavara, saVictor naVictoria kubva Chitunha.

Vatambi “vakafa” vanouya kuhupenyu zvakanakisa mubhaisikopo, uye zviito zvavo ndezvechokwadi, ziso risina kudzidziswa haritomboziva kuti firimu rese nderekumira-kufamba animation.

Muchokwadi, vanhu vasina kujairana neanopopayi nzira vanowanzo furatira kumisa kufamba.

Padanho rekutanga, misa inofamba animation imhando ye3D animation apo manhamba, mhando dzevhu, kana zvidhori zvinoiswa munzvimbo inodiwa uye kutorwa mifananidzo kakawanda. Kana mifananidzo ichiridzwa nekukasira, inonyengedza ziso kuti rifunge kuti zvidhori zviri kufamba zvega.

The 80s uye 90s akaona akakurumbira akatevedzana akafanana Wallace naGromit kubudirira. Zviratidziro izvi matombo anokosha etsika anodiwa semapope esipo nemakomedhi epaTV.

Asi, chii chinoita kuti dzifadze kwazvo, uye dzinoitwa sei?

Ichi chinyorwa igwaro rekutanga rekumisa mafambiro animation, uye ini ndichakuudza maitirwo emhando iyi yeanimation, magadzirirwo evatambi, uye kurukurai zvimwe zvehunyanzvi.

Chii chinonzi stop motion animation?

Stop motion animation is a "Mapikicha ekugadzira firimu apo chinhu chinofambiswa pamberi pekamera uye kutorwa mifananidzo kakawanda."

Iyo inozivikanwawo seyekumira furemu, kumira kufamba inzira yekupopotera kuita kuti chinhu chinodzorwa nenyama chiite sechinofamba chega.

Asi, kune zvimwe zvakawanda kwairi nekuti ichokwadi chimiro chinoshandisa akawanda akasiyana mafomu eunyanzvi uye matekinoroji.

Iko chaiko hakuna muganhu maererano nekugadzira kwaunogona kuita seanimator. Iwe unogona kushandisa chero rudzi rwechinhu chidiki, matoyi, chidhori, kana ivhu chimiro kugadzira yako cast uye yekushongedza.

Saka, kupfupikisa, kumisa kufamba inzira yekupopotera umo zvinhu zvisina hupenyu kana mavara anodzorwa pakati pemafuremu oita kunge ari kufamba. Iyo 3D fomu yeanimation uko zvinhu zvinoita sezvinofamba-chaiyo-nguva, asi ingori mafoto anotambwa kumashure.

Chinhu chinofambiswa muzvikamu zvidiki pakati pemafuremu akatorwa mapikicha, zvichigadzira kunyepedzera kwekufamba kana nhevedzano yemafuremu ichiridzwa sekutevedzana kunoenderera.

Pfungwa yekufamba haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunyepedzera nekuti ingori nzira yekuburitsa mafirimu.

Zvidhori zvidiki uye zvidhori zvinofambiswa nevanhu, zvinotorwa mafoto, uye zvinoridzwa nekukurumidza.

Zvidhori zvine majoini anofambiswa kana zviumbwa zvevhu zvinowanzo shandiswa pakumira kuti zvive nyore kuisa patsva.

Stop motion animation uchishandisa plasticine inonzi clay animation kana "clay-mation".

Haisi yese kumira kufamba kunoda manhamba kana modhi; akawanda anomisa mafambiro emafirimu anogona kusanganisira kushandisa vanhu, midziyo yemumba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekusetsa.

Kumisa kufamba uchishandisa zvinhu dzimwe nguva kunonzi chinhu animation.

Dzimwe nguva kumisa kufamba kunonziwo kumira-frame animation nekuti chiitiko chega chega kana chiitiko chinotorwa kuburikidza nemifananidzo furemu imwe panguva.

Matoyi, anova vatambi, anofambiswa panyama pakati pemafuremu kugadzira manyepo ekufamba.

Vamwe vanhu vanodana iyi animation style stop-frame animation, asi inoreva nzira imwe chete.

Vatambi vematoyi

The mavara ari kumira matoyi, kwete vanhu. Anowanzo kugadzirwa nevhu, kana ane skeleton yezvombo yakavharwa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvinochinjika.

Ehe, iwe zvakare une zvakakurumbira zvidhori zvematoyi.

Saka, ndiwo hunhu hukuru hwekumira kufamba: vatambi nevatambi havasi vanhu asi zvinhu zvisina hupenyu.

Kusiyana nemafirimu echiito, une “vatambi” vasina upenyu, kwete vanhu, uye vanogona chaizvo kutora chero chimiro kana chimiro.

Matoyi anoshandiswa mumabhaisikopo ekumira akaoma "kutungamirira." Seye animator, unofanirwa kuita kuti vafambe, saka chiitiko chinopedza nguva.

Fungidzira kuti iwe unofanirwa kuita chiratidziro chega chega uye kuumba chifananidzo mushure mefuremu yega yega.

Rarama-chiito chinomira kufamba chine vatambi vevanhu chiripo, zvakare, asi chinodanwa pixilation. Handizvo zvandiri kutaura nezvazvo nhasi.

Mhando dzekumisa kufamba

Zvakadaro, rega ndigovane mhando dzakasiyana dzekumisa kufamba animation kuti iwe uvazive vese.

• Claymation: zviumbwa zvevhu zvinofambiswa kose uye zvinorarama, uye iyi art fomu inonzi ivhu animation kana ivhu.
• Chinhu-kufamba: mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvisina hupenyu zvine hupenyu.
• Cutout kufamba: kana kucheka kwemavara kana kuchekwa kwemavara kuchiitwa animated.
• Puppet animation: zvidhori zvakavakirwa pa armature zvinofambiswa uye zvinorarama.
• Silhouette animation: izvi zvinoreva backlighting cutouts.
• Kugadziriswa: stop motion animation ine vanhu.

Nhoroondo yekumira kufamba

Yekutanga kumira inofamba animation yaive yehupenyu mukati mesekisi yetoyi. Animation yakanzi Iyo Humpty Dumpty Circus, uye yakaitwa naJ. Stuart Blackton naAlbert E. Smith muna 1898.

Unogona kufungidzira kufara kwakaita vanhu kuona zvinhu zvematoyi "kufamba" pachiratidziri.

Zvino gare gare, muna 1907, J. Stuart Blackton akagadzira rimwe bhaisikopo rinomira richishandisa nzira imwe cheteyo yeanimation inonzi. Iyo Haunted Hotera.

Asi zvose izvi zvakangokwanisika chete nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwemakamera uye unyanzvi hwekutora mifananidzo. Makamera ari nani akabvumira vagadziri vemafirimu kuti vachinje furemu, uye zvakaita kuti basa rifambe nekukurumidza.

Mumwe wemapiyona ane mukurumbira wekumisa kufamba aive Wladyslaw Starewicz.

Munguva yebasa rake, akaratidzira mafirimu akawanda, asi basa rake rakasiyana-siyana rainzi Lucas Cervus (1910), uye panzvimbo pezvidhori zvakagadzirwa nemaoko, akashandisa zvipembenene.

Mushure mekugadzira nzira, masitudiyo emakapopayi akatanga kugadzira akawanda uye akawanda ekumisa-furemu mafirimu, akaenderera mberi nekubudirira kukuru.

Saka, kushandisa kumira kufamba kwakava nzira yakanakisa yekugadzira mafirimu ane animated kusvika pakatanga nguva yeDisney.

Tarisa uone iyi inotonhorera Vox vhidhiyo kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve nhoroondo yekumira animation:

mambo kong (1933)

Mugore re 1933, King Kong yakanga iri animation yakakurumbira zvikuru pasi rose.

Ichionekwa sechishamiso chenguva yaro, iyo dhizaini ine zvimiro zvidiki zvinogoneka zvakagadzirirwa kufanana nemagorila chaiwo.

Willis O'Brien ndiye aiona nezve kugadzirwa kwebhaisikopo, uye ndiye piyona chaiye wekumira kufamba.

Iyi firimu yakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwemhando ina dzakagadzirwa nealuminium, furo, uye mvere dzetsuro kuti dzifanane nemhuka chaiyo.

Zvino, paive neimwe yakapfava lead uye fur armature iyo yakaparadzwa zvakanyanya panguva yekudhirowa iyo chiitiko cheKing Kong ichidonha kubva kuEmpire State Building, inova imwe yemifananidzo inotonhorera, ndinofanira kubvuma:

Kumira kunoitwa sei

Kana iwe uchijairana ne2D-inodhonzwa nemaoko animation seyekutanga Disney animations, iwe unorangarira yekutanga. Mickey Mouse makatuni.

Mufananidzo wacho, wakadhirowewa papepa, “wakava mupenyu” uye wakafamba. A stop motion animation bhaisikopo rakafanana.

Iwe unenge uchinetseka: Ko kumisa kufamba kunoshanda sei?

Zvakanaka, panzvimbo pezviya zvekudhirowa nemifananidzo yedhijitari, vatambi vemazuva ano vanoshandisa zviumbwa zvevhu, matoyi, kana zvimwe zvidhori. Uchishandisa nzira dzekumisa kufamba, maanimator anogona kuunza zvinhu zvisina hupenyu ku "hupenyu" pachiratidziri.

Saka, inogadzirwa sei? Zvidhori zvinofambiswa neimwe nzira here?

Chekutanga, animator inoda kamera kutora mifananidzo yefuremu yega yega. Zviuru zvemifananidzo zvinotorwa zvakazara. Zvadaro, kutora mifananidzo kunotambwa kumashure, saka zvinoita sekunge mavara ari kufamba.

Chaizvoizvo, zvidhori, mienzaniso yevhu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvisina upenyu ndizvo kufambisa muviri pakati pemafuremu uye kutorwa mifananidzo nemaanimator.

Nekudaro, iwo manhamba anofanirwa kudzorwa uye kuumbwa munzvimbo yakakwana kune imwe neimwe furemu.

Iyo animator inotora zviuru zvemifananidzo papfuti yega yega kana chiitiko. Haisi vhidhiyo refu, sekufunga kunoita vanhu vazhinji.

Bhaisikopo rekumira rinopfurwa nekamera nekutora mifananidzo.

Zvadaro, mifananidzo ichiri kuridzwa kumashure nekumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana uye furemu mareti kugadzira manyepo ekufamba. Kazhinji, mapikicha anotambwa kumashure nekukurumidza kuti agadzire iyi fungidziro yekuenderera mberi kwekufamba.

Saka, chaizvo, furemu yega yega inotorwa imwe panguva yobva yaridzwa nekukasira kugadzira fungidziro yekuti mavara ari kufamba.

Kiyi yekubudirira kutora mafambiro pane kamera kufambisa manhamba ako mudiki diki.

Iwe hausi kuda kushandura zvachose chinzvimbo, kana zvisina kudaro vhidhiyo haizove yakanyungudika, uye mafambiro achaita seakasikwa.

Hazvifanirwe kuve pachena kuti zvinhu zvako zviri kugadzirwa nemaoko pakati pemafuremu.

Kubata kumira kufamba

Mumazuva ekutanga, makamera emafirimu aishandiswa kutora mafuremu ekumisa mafambiro emifananidzo.

Dambudziko raive rekuti animator aingoona basa kana firimu ragadziriswa, uye kana chimwe chinhu chisina kutaridzika zvakanaka, animator yaifanira kutanga zvakare.

Unogona here kufungidzira kuti ingani basa rakapinda mukugadzira yekumira-frame animation kumashure muzuva?

Mazuva ano, maitiro acho anowedzera mvura uye ari nyore.

Muna 2005, Tim Burton akasarudza kupfura firimu rake rekumira Chitunha ine DSLR kamera.

Mazuva ano anenge ese makamera eDSLR ane mhenyu yekuona ficha zvinoreva kuti animator inogona kuona tarisiro yezvavari kupfura kuburikidza nelens uye inogona kupfura zvakare sezvinodiwa.

Kumira kufamba kwakafanana here neanimation?

Nepo kumira kufamba kwakafanana nezvatinoziva semapopoma echinyakare, hazvina kunyatsofanana. Mafirimu akasiyana chaizvo.

Muchena Wechando (1937) muenzaniso we2D animation, nepo mafirimu achida paranorman (2012) uye Coraline (2009) ndiwo anozivikanwa anomira kufamba mafirimu.

Traditional animation ndeye 2D, kumira kufamba ndeye 3D.

Stop motion inopfurwawo furemu nefuremu senge 2D classic animation. Mafuremu anoiswa munhevedzano obva atambidzwa kumashure kugadzira kumira kufamba.

Asi, kusiyana neiyo 2D animation, mavara haana kudhonzwa nemaoko kana kufananidzirwa nedigital, asi kuti akatorwa mifananidzo uye akashandurwa kuita vakanaka 3D vanoita senge hupenyu.

Mumwe mutsauko ndewekuti furemu yega yega yeanimation inogadzirwa yakaparadzana yozotambwa zvakare pachiyero chegumi nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana pasekondi.

Animation mazuva ano inogadzirwa digitaalinen uye kazhinji inoiswa pane iripo firimu reel uko yakakosha magadzirirwo anogadzirwa.

Magadzirirwo anoitwa manhamba ekumira

Nekuda kwechinyorwa chino, ndiri kutarisa nezve kugadzira nekushandisa vatambi vasina hupenyu uye matoyi ehupenyu. Unogona kuverenga nezvezvinhu muchikamu chinotevera.

Kana iwe wakaona mafirimu akadai Anonakidza Mr. Fox, iwe unoziva kuti mavara e3D anoyeukwa uye akasiyana. Saka zvinogadzirwa sei?

Heino mhedziso yemaitiro ekumira ekufamba mavara anogadzirwa.

Materials

• ivhu kana plasticine
• polyurethane
• Metallic armature skeleton
• chikweshe
• zvidhori zvewachi
• 3D kudhindwa
• Huni
• matoyi senge lego, zvidhori, plush, nezvimwe.

Pane nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekuita manhamba ekumira. Zvinenge zvese zvezvinhu zvaunoda zvinowanikwa muzvitoro zvemhizha kana online.

Mamwe maturusi ekutanga emaoko anodiwa, asi kune vanotanga, unogona kushandisa zvidiki zvinhu uye maturusi.

Dongo kana plastiki inomisa mavara ekufamba

Mhando yekutanga yemuenzaniso inogadzirwa ne ivhu kana plasticine. Semuyenzaniso, Chicken Run mavara anogadzirwa nevhu.

Unoda ivhu rekuenzanisira rine mavara. Iwe unogona kuumba zvidhori kuita chero chimiro chaunoda.

Aardman Animations inonyatso kuzivikanwa nezve claymation-maitiro emhando mafirimu.

Yavo yekusika yevhu mienzaniso yakafanana Shaun Makwai akafanana nemhuka chaidzo asi dzakagadzirwa zvachose nevhu repurasitiki.

Anofungisisa sei kugadzira claymation kungaita sekutyisa?

Armature character

Rudzi rwechipiri ndirwo armature model. Ichi chimiro chemufananidzo chinogadzirwa ine metallic waya armature skeleton sehwaro.

Zvadaro, yakafukidzwa nezvinhu zvakatetepa furo, izvo zvinoita semhasuru yechidhori chako.

Iyo wire armature puppet inofarira indasitiri nekuti iyo animator inofambisa makumbo uye inogadzira inodiwa inomira zviri nyore.

Pakupedzisira, iwe unogona kuifukidza nemuenzaniso wevhu uye zvipfeko. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvipfeko zvemadhori kana kuzviitira kubva mumucheka.

Zvichekwa zvakagadzirwa nepepa zvakare zvakakurumbira uye zvakanakira kugadzira kumashure uye zvimedu zvekushongedza.

Buda magadzirirwo emavara anomira kufamba uye edza.

Matoyi ekumisa kufamba animation

Kune vanotanga kana vana, kuita kumira kufamba kunogona kuve kwakapusa sekushandisa matoyi.

Matoyi akafanana LEGO manhamba, nhamba dzekuita, zvidhori, zvidhori, uye matoyi akaiswa zvinhu zvakanakira kune basic stop motion animation. Kana iwe uri mudiki kugadzira uye uchigona kufunga kunze kwebhokisi, unogona kushandisa chero mhando yechitoyi yefirimu rako.

Vanhu vanofarira kushandisa LEGO nekuti unogona kuvaka chero chimiro kana fomu, uye ngatitarisei, kuisa mabhuroko pamwe chete kunonakidza.

Imwe yematoyi akanakisa evana uye vanotanga ndeye Stikbot Zanimation Studio matoyi anouya sekiti, akazara nemifananidzo uye kumashure.

(ona mimwe mifananidzo)

Kana iwe uri kushandisa matoyi, zvingave zvakati omei kuti zvitarisiko zvechiso zvive zvakakwana, asi kana ukanamatira kuvhu, unogona kupa mavara ako chimiro chechiso chaunoda.

Wire armature puppets inogara iri sarudzo yakanaka nekuti iri nyore kufamba. Iwe unogona kuumba mitezo zviri nyore uye zvidhori zvinoshanduka.

Iwe unogona kushandisa candy ine mavara kugadzira mapfupi anomira ekufambisa mavhidhiyo kana mafirimu. Tarisa uone chidzidzo ichi uye uone kuti zviri nyore sei:

Misa FAQs inofamba

Pane zvakawanda zvekudzidza nezve stop motion animation. Heano mamwe anozivikanwa Q uye A ekupindura iwo mibvunzo iyo munhu wese ari kunetseka nezvayo.

Chii chinonzi cutout animation?

Vanhu vanowanzo funga kuti cutout animation haisi kumira kufamba, asi ndizvo chaizvo.

Stop motion animation ndiyo mhando yese uye cutout animation ifomu reanimation kubva kurudzi urwu.

Panzvimbo pekushandisa 3D armature modhi, mavara akatsetseka akagadzirwa nebepa, machira, mafoto, kana makadhi anoshandiswa sevatambi. Mabviro uye mavara ese anochekwa kubva muzvinhu izvi uye ozoshandiswa sevatambi.

Aya marudzi emapupeti akafuratira anogona kuonekwa mune inomira inofamba bhaisikopo Kaviri Pane imwe nguva (1983).

Asi mazuva ano, mira kufamba animation uchishandisa cutouts haichanyanyozivikanwa.

Cutout animations inogona kutora nguva yakareba kugadzira, kunyangwe ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa inomira inofamba inoratidzira mafirimu.

Chii chaunoda kuti umise kufamba animation?

Kugadzira yako yekumisa inofamba vhidhiyo kana animation, haudi chaizvo midziyo yakawandisa.

Kutanga, unofanira zvigadzirwa zvako izvo zvinosanganisira mhando dzako. Kana iwe uchida kugadzira animation yevhu, ita mavara ako kubva muvhu rekuenzanisira. Asi, unogona kushandisa matoyi, LEGO, zvidhori, nezvimwe.

Zvadaro, unofanira a laptop (heino ongororo yedu yepamusoro) kana piritsi. Zviri nani iwe uchashandisa yekumira-kufamba app zvakare nekuti inoita kuti maitiro ese ave nyore.

For kumashure, unogona kushandisa jira rakasviba kana jira rakasviba. Uyezve, unoda zvimwe chiedza chakajeka (angangoita maviri).

Zvadaro, unofanira katatu kuitira kugadzikana uye kamera, iyo inonyanya kukosha.

Inodhura zvakadii stop motion animation?

Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzekugadzira mafirimu, kumisa mafambiro ekufambisa kunodhura zvishoma. Kana iwe uine kamera unogona kugadzira yako seti yemadhora makumi mashanu kana iwe ukachengeta zvinhu zvakanyanya.

Kuita firimu rekumira pamba rakachipa zvakanyanya pane kugadzirwa kwe studio. Asi nyanzvi yekumisa inofamba firimu inogona kudhura zvakanyanya kugadzira.

Paunenge uchiverenga kuti imarii kuita yekumisa kufamba animation, studio yekugadzira inotarisa mutengo paminiti yevhidhiyo yapera.

Mari inotangira pakati pe $1000-10.000 madhora kweminiti imwe chete yefirimu rakapera.

Ndeipi nzira iri nyore yekumisa kufamba kumba?

Ehe, kune zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi zvinhu zvaunoda kuziva asi kune yakanyanya kukosha vhidhiyo, haufanirwe kuita zvakawanda.

• Step 1+
• Step 2: gadzira kumashure kunze kwejira, jira, kana bepa. Iwe unogona kushandisa kunyange rima-ruvara rusvingo kana furo musimboti.
• Step 3: isa matoyi kana modhi muchiitiko chako mune yavo yekutanga positi.
• Step 4: gadzira kamera, piritsi, kana smartphone pane katatu mhiri kubva kumashure. Kuisa mudziyo wako wekutora mafirimu pa tripod (zvakanakisa sarudzo dzekumira kufamba pano) inonyanya kukosha nekuti inodzivirira shakiness.
• Step 5: shandisa stop motion animation app uye tanga kutora mafirimu. Kana iwe uchida kuedza nzira dzechikoro chekare, tanga kutora mazana emapikicha ega ega furemu.
• Step 6: tamba mifananidzo. Unozoda editing software futi, asi unogona kutenga izvozvo online.

Dzidza zvakawanda pa kuti ungatanga sei nekumira kufamba animation kumba

Ndeapi mapikicha anotora kuita 1 miniti yekumira kufamba?

Zvinoenderana nekuti ingani mafuremu aunopfura pasekondi.

Ngatiedzei semuenzaniso, kuti iwe unopfura 60-sekondi vhidhiyo pamafuremu gumi pasekondi, unozoda chaizvo mazana matanhatu mafoto.

Kune aya mazana matanhatu mafoto, iwe unofanirwa kuenzanisa iyo nguva inotora kumisa pfuti yega yega uye kufambisa chinhu chese mukati nekubuda mufuremu.

Pakazere, maitiro anotora nguva yakareba uye muchokwadi, unogona kuda akawanda anosvika zana mafoto kweminiti yevhidhiyo.

Tora woenda nazvo

Puppet animation ine nhoroondo yakatanga makore anopfuura 100, uye vanhu vazhinji vachiri kufarira iyi art fomu.

The Nightmare Before Christmas ichiri bhaisikopo rinodiwa remazera ese, kunyanya panguva yeKisimusi.

Nepo animation yevhu yadonha kubva mukuzivikanwa, mapikicha emifananidzo inofamba achiri kufarirwa uye anogona kukwikwidza nevhidhiyo.

Iine ese matsva ekumira ekufambisa software aripo, zvave nyore kugadzira mavhidhiyo ekumira kumba. Iyi nzira zvakare ichiri kufarirwa nevana.

Mumazuva ekutanga, zvese zvaiitwa nemaoko uye mafoto akatorwa nemakamera. Iye zvino, vanoshandisa software yemazuva ano yekugadzirisa kuti zvinhu zvive nyore.

Saka, kana iwe uchida kugadzira firimu rekumira pamba semutanga kana kudzidzisa vana maitirwo, unogona kushandisa matoyi kana mamodheru akareruka uye kamera yedhijitari. Nakidzwa!

Zvadaro: aya ndiwo akanakisa makamera ekushandisa kugadzira kumira kwekufamba animation

Mhoroi, ndini Kim, amai uye munhu anofarira zvekumira-famba ane ruzivo mukugadzira midhiya nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu. Ndine chido chikuru chekudhirowa uye mifananidzo, uye ikozvino ndiri kunyura nemusoro munyika yekumira-kufamba. Neblog rangu, ndiri kugovera zvandinodzidza nemi varume.