I-F-Stop okanye i-Focal Ratiyo: Yintoni kwaye kutheni ibalulekile

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 28, 2022

F-yeka or umlinganiselo wojoliso (ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa yi-f-ratio okanye isihlobo ukuthambisa) ligama elisetyenziswa ekufotweni kwaye libhekisa kumlinganiselo phakathi kobude obugxininise belensi kunye nobubanzi bomfundi wokungena.

Le parameter kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele xa ukudubula nge ikhamera, njengoko ichaphazela ubungakanani bokukhanya obudlula kwi-lens. Ukuba likhulu inani le-F-Stop, lincinci ukuvuleka kwendawo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukukhanya okuncinci okuvunyelweyo ukungena.

Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga umxholo we-F-Stop ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi kwaye uchaze kutheni kubalulekile ukuqonda xa ukudubula.

Yintoni i-F-Stop?

F-Misa (kwaziwa njenge umlinganiselo wojoliso) ngumba wokufota onxulumene nobungakanani bokukhanya i-lens enokuqokelela, okanye ukukwazi kwayo ukunciphisa ubungakanani bendawo yokuvula. Ilinganiswa njengomlinganiselo phakathi kwelensi yobukhulu bomfundi kunye nobude bojoliso, kwaye ichazwa ngenani elilandelwa yi f, njenge f / 2.8. Okukhona lincinci eli nani, kokukhona liba likhulu umfundi wokungena, okukhokelela ekukhanyeni okuninzi okukwazi ukungena. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba nenombolo enkulu ye-f-stop kuya kuthetha ukuba ukukhanya okuncinci kukwazi ukungena nge-lens yakho kunye ne-aperture.

I-F-Stop ikwasebenza ngesandla-in-hand ezisisivalo isantya xa usazi inkalo enye ungabala ngokulula enye. Kukwaluncedo ekujongeni into ekufutshane njengemizobo ngokwandisa inombolo yakho ye-f-stop kunye nokuvumela ugxininiso olungcono lolawulo kwiishoti zakho; Oku kubandakanya zonke iintlobo zokufota ukusuka kwizilwanyana zasendle ukuya kwifoto yendalo, kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi ekufotweni komzobo apho imvelaphi kufuneka ibe mfiliba ukuze kugxilwe kumxholo wakho kuphela. Inani elikhulu le-f-stop livumela ukufiphala okungasemva ngakumbi kunye nolawulo olungcono logqaliselo kwimigama ekufutshane okanye ubunzulu obungekho nzulu bokudubula ebaleni.

bonke iilensi baneempawu ezahlukileyo ezichaphazela izakhono zabo zef/manani; ngenxa yoku unokufuna iilensi ezininzi ezifumanekayo ukulungiselela iimfuno zakho xa ufota iifoto okanye iividiyo. Umlinganiselo wojoliso nawo usebenza ngokwahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani boluvo; Iikhamera zesakhelo esigcweleyo ziqhele ukuba nobunzulu obunzulu bebala kuneekhamera ezisikiweyo ngenxa yobukhulu boluvo lwazo-othetha umgama omninzi phakathi kwezinto ukuze ezi zinto zihlale zigxininise ngexesha elinye ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sakho. Ukuqonda ukuba njani Imilinganiselo yeNgqaliselo inokuba nefuthe kubuchule bekhamera yakho inokukunceda wenze izigqibo malunga nokuba zeziphi iilensi ezifaneleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nendlela ezinokuchaphazela ngayo umgangatho xa usebenza ngeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko zokudubula.

Yintoni iFocal Ratio?

Umlinganiso oqwalaselweyo, esiqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yi f-stop, siseti yesantya se-shutter esichazwe ngokwenani lokumisa okanye ubungakanani bokuvulwa kwelensi eyenziwe yi-lens. Ukuba likhulu inani, incinci i-lens evulekayo kunye nokukhanya okuncinci okufikelela kwinzwa yekhamera yakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ukusuka f/1.4 ukuya f/32 kwiilensi ezininzi kodwa inokuya phezulu kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukubamba ukukhanya ukude.

Umlinganiso oqwalaselweyo ibalulekile kuba ilawula ukuba kungakanani na ukukhanya okufikela kwisivamvo sekhamera yakho, ikuvumela ukuba ubambe umfanekiso ovezwe kakuhle ngaphandle kokungaphezulu okanye ukuwuveza kancinci. Inani elisezantsi likunika ubunzulu bentsimi ngelixa elingaphezulu likunika ubunzulu obukhulu kunye nokugxila okubukhali kwizinto ezikude. Isantya esicothayo sesivalo sifuna ngakumbi i-f-stop ngelixa isantya esikhawulezayo sesivalo sifuna kancinci i-f-stop; ngoko ukudubula ngokukhanya okukhulu kufuna ngaphantsi kwe-f-stop ngelixa ukudubula ekukhanyeni okuphantsi kufuna okungaphezulu njenge- F8 okanye ngaphantsi ngoseto lwe-ISO olufanelekileyo. Ubukhali obuninzi xa uyeka (ukwehlisa i-F-Stop yakho) yongeza kububukhali bomfanekiso ngokubanzi.

Xa utshintsha i-F-Stop yakho, khumbula ukuba ukonyuswa ngakunye phezulu okanye ezantsi kuhambelana notshintsho ekutyhilekeni ngesitophu esinye (okulingana nokuphinda kabini okanye ukuthoba isixa sokukhanya). Ngolu kuqonda, umntu unokuhlengahlengisa umlinganiselo wabo wokujolisa ngokusekwe kumanqanaba okuvezwa afunwayo kunye nobunzulu obunqwenelekayo besiphumo sentsimi kwiiprojekthi zabo zokufota.

Ukuqonda i-F-Stop

F-yeka, kwaziwa njenge umlinganiselo wojoliso, ingcamango ebalulekileyo kwimifanekiso kunye nevidiyo, edlala indima enkulu kwindlela imifanekiso yakho ephuma ngayo. I-F-stop ngumlinganiselo phakathi kwelensi ubude bojoliso kunye nobubanzi bomfundi wokungena. Ibonakaliswa njengenani, kwaye inokususela kwinani eliphantsi f/1.4 yonke indlela ukuya kuthi ga kuf/32 okanye ngaphezulu. Ukuqonda i-F-stop kubalulekile kuye nabani na ojonge ukufumana imifanekiso engcono.

I-F-Stop iluchaphazela njani utyhileko?

Xa umfoti elungisa indawo yokufota (F-Misa) yelensi, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okungeniswayo kwilensi nakwinzwa. I-F-Stop esezantsi ivumela ukukhanya okuninzi ngelixa inani eliphezulu lika-F liyithintela. Ngokuvula i-aperture ene-F-Stop esezantsi, udala indawo ebanzi yokugxila evumela ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuba kungene kwaye incede ukudala ubunzulu obunzulu bentsimi obuboleka kakuhle kwi-portraiture okanye nawuphi na umfanekiso ofuna iileya ezinzulu kunye nokwahlula. Ukongeza, oku kunokuba luncedo kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi apho kungekho kukhanya okwaneleyo ukubonisa ngokufanelekileyo isakhelo.

Udayalo kwi-F-Stop efanelekileyo yesiganeko kwakhona kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokuvezwa, elinokulungelelaniswa ngesantya sokuvala kwiikhamera ezininzi xa isetelwe kwimo yeManuwali. Ukugcina imvelaphi ocetyiweyo okanye isifundo sigxile kabukhali, yehlisa isantya sokuvala kwaye uhlengahlengise indawo yakho yokuvula ngokufanelekileyo ukuze umfanekiso wakho ubonakale ngokuchanekileyo kangangexesha elifanelekileyo-kwaye ungalibali ISO uhlengahlengiso njengokuba!

Ingqikelelo ebanzi emva kwe-f/stop yileyo i-balance aperture kunye nesantya sokuvala zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokufota ngempumelelo; zombini zichaphazela ixesha elingakanani inzwa yekhamera ibonakaliswe ekukhanyeni okungenayo. Xa udubula kwiManuwali, kufuneka uqwalasele yonke imiba emithathu xa uzama ukufumana imifanekiso evezwe ngokugqibeleleyo:

• Iisetingi ze-ISO (okanye ubuntununtunu befilimu)
• isantya se-shutter
• f/stop/aperture kuqulunqo oluguquguqukayo olufana nobunzulu bolawulo lwebala okanye umfanekiso wophawu loyelelwano olumfiliba.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-F-Stop kunye ne-Focal Ratio?

F-Misa yireyishini yobude be-lens yojoliso kwidayamitha yayo. Iphezulu i-F-Stop, incinci indawo yokuvula kunye nobunzulu bentsimi kumfanekiso onikiweyo. I-F-Stop isetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba kungakanani na ukukhanya okufikelela kwinzwa yekhamera kunye nokuba banzi okanye bacuthe kangakanani na indawo evulekileyo kwilensi ethile.

Umlinganiselo ogxininisiweyo, okanye f / yeka ngokufutshane, kunokucingwa njengesiqingatha soluhlu olukuxelela malunga nekhamera yakho kunye nendibaniselwano yelensi. Xa kubhekiswa kwi-f-stop ekufotweni, ibhekiselele ikakhulu kwisetingi zokuvula indawo. Njengesantya sokuvala, iisetingi zokuvula ziyakwazi ukunyenyisa isixa sokukhanya esidlula kwiilensi zakho kwaye senze indlela yakho kwinzwa yomfanekiso wakho (okanye ifilimu). Izikhululo ezineenombolo ezisezantsi zika-f ziyakudala ukukhanya ngakumbi ngelixa iindawo zokumisa amanani aphezulu zinciphisa ukukhanya okudlulayo. Ke ngoko, iindawo zokumisa amanani asezantsi ziya kudala imifanekiso eqaqambileyo enobunzulu obunzulu bentsimi ngelixa iindawo zokumisa amanani aphezulu zikhokelela kwimifanekiso emnyama enoluhlu olwandisiweyo okanye ubunzulu bentsimi (ezinxulumene: Yintoni ubunzulu beNdawo?).

Elinye icandelo kolu luhlu libizwa ngokuba “ubude obujolise kuko” elithetha ngokulula “umgama.” Oku kuyalela ukuba ukufutshane kangakanani okanye ukude kangakanani na onokugxila kuso nasiphi na isifundo - njengalezi zisayizi zekhamera ezichazwe kweli nqaku (ezinxulumene: Ukuqonda iiLensi zeKhamera ubukhulu). Iilensi ezininzi kwezi ntsuku ziilensi zokusondeza okuthetha ukuba zinobude obulungelelanisiweyo ukuze usondele okanye ube kude kwisifundo sakho ngaphandle kokuba ujikeleze ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ngoko kwenzeka ntoni kanye xa ulungisa yakho F-yeka? Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha inxulumene nokuba kungakanani ukukhanya okudlula kwilensi yakho xa uyilungelelanisa into oyenzayo kukwenza uhlengahlengiso phakathi kokuvezwa okuphezulu kunye nobunzulu bebala obufumanekayo kukudubula okunikiweyo. Ngamanani asezantsi avumela ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuze kukhanye ngakumbi kodwa kufowunelwa luzizi kunye namanani aphezulu anika amnyama kodwa abukhali. Yiyo loo nto ukudlala malunga noseto olunjalo ekufotweni kunokuchaphazela kakhulu amanqanaba okuvezwa kunye noluhlu logqaliselo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lokuqamba - yiyo loo nto ukwazi malunga ne-F-Stop kunye nereyishini ekugxilwe kuyo kufuneka kuhlale kuthathelwa ingqalelo phambi kokufota umfanekiso!

Ukuqonda iRatiyo ekugxilwe kuyo

F-Misa, eyaziwa nangokuthi umlinganiselo wojoliso, ngumbono obalulekileyo ekufotweni okubhekiselele kubukhulu bendawo yokungena kwilensi yekhamera. Liqhezu elidla ngokubhalwa njengenani, njenge f/2.8 okanye f/5.6.

Ukuqonda ingqiqo ye F-Misa ibalulekile kubafoti kuba ibanceda bazi ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya abakufunayo ukuze baveze umfanekiso ngokuchanekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ikwachaphazela i ubunzulu bendimi, eluluhlu lomfanekiso ekugxilwe kuwo. Masingene nzulu ngakumbi kwaye sifunde ngakumbi malunga F-Misa nokubaluleka kwayo.

Buyintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kweFocal Ratio kunye nenkalo yokujonga?

Xa ufota ifoto, i umlinganiselo wojoliso -eyaziwa ngokuba yi f-stop – yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ubungakanani bomfanekiso icandelo lokujonga, okanye ungakanani umboniso onokuthi uwubambe ngokudubula. Inani eliphezulu le-f-stop liyakuvelisa umfanekiso obanzi, ngelixa inani eliphantsi liza kuvelisa umfanekiso nge ubunzulu obulinganiselweyo bentsimi.

Umlinganiselo wojoliso nawo uchaphazela i ubunzulu bendimi kwifoto okanye ividiyo yakho xa isetyenziswa ngeelensi ezahlukeneyo. Xa idubula kwindawo ebanzi (i-f-stop ephantsi), ivelisa ubunzulu bomhlaba obumxinwa kakhulu. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukusebenzisa i-f-stops kuya kudala ubunzulu obungakumbi kodwa kunokubangela ukufiphala okuthile ngasemva kunye neendawo ezingaphambili ngenxa yokwahluka okwenzekayo kwiindawo ezincinci zesakhelo sakho.

Ubudlelwane phakathi komlinganiselo wengqwalasela kunye nenkalo yembono icacile; yinto yokuba izitophu eziphezulu ze-f zenza imifanekiso emxinwa kwaye ngokuphendululekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa udubula imbonakalo-mhlaba okanye eminye imiboniso emikhulu enezifundo ezikude, uya kudinga i-lens ebanzi ngokugqithisileyo (ene-f-stop esezantsi ngokufanelekileyo) okanye ungasebenzisa iilensi ezininzi kwiireyishini zojoliso ezahlukeneyo ukuze ufumane indibaniselwano eyiyo yonke imiba yesifundo sakho.

Ingaba iFocal Ratio ibuchaphazela njani ubunzulu bebala?

Umlinganiselo wokujolisa (eyaziwa nangokuthi f-stop) yenye yezinto ezisisiseko ekufotweni, ehlala ichazwa ngo'f/' phambi kwenani. Ngokukodwa, umlinganiselo wojoliso onxulumene ne ubunzulu bebala kunye neziphumo zokuvezwa ezinokuchaphazela iziphumo zemifanekiso yakho.

Ubunzulu bendawo bubhekisa kubungakanani bomboniso obonakala kugxininiso. A ubunzulu bentsimi kulapho kuphela inxalenye yomboniso ivela kugxininiso ngelixa a ubunzulu obubanzi bebala yenye apho yonke into ibonakala ibukhali. I umlinganiselo wojoliso udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ubungakanani bobunzulu obufakwe kumfanekiso.

Umlinganiselo omkhulu wojoliso (umzekelo, f / 11) ivumela a ubunzulu obubanzi bebala oko kuquka izinto ezikufuphi nezikude nayo yonke enye into phakathi kwazo. Olu hlobo lokuseta lunokusebenza ngcono kwimbonakalo yomhlaba okanye kwiifoto zangaphandle ezifuna ukubandakanya zombini umphambili kunye nezinto ezingasemva ngobukhali kunye nokucaca okukhulu. Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwabafoti abachwepheshile badla ngokukhetha ii-f-stops ezinkulu zokudubula kwangaphandle.

Nangona kunjalo, xa ukudubula izifundo ezikufutshane - ezifana ifoto ye-portrait okanye ifoto enkulu -kunokuba kunqweneleka ukusebenzisa imilinganiselo emincinci ekugxilwe kuyo (njenge f/1.4). Ezi setingi ziyakuvumela amasimi obunzulu obunzulu enceda ukwahlula isifundo kwimvelaphi yaso, idala isiphumo esimangalisayo nesicacileyo kunye namanqaku abekwe yedwa kakuhle ekugxininiseni phakathi kokusingqongileyo okumfiliba.

isiphelo

F-yeka or umlinganiselo wojoliso luluvo olubalulekileyo ukuze abafoti baqonde. Kuyanceda ukucacisa uluhlu lwamaxabiso okuvula, ngokunjalo ubunzulu bendimi. Ukuqonda le ngcamango kunceda ekuqondeni indlela yokusebenzisa iilensi ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhamera ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezifunwayo. Ngaphaya koko, ikwanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ufumana umfanekiso owufunayo ngokulawula isixa sokukhanya esingena kwikhamera.

Ukugqiba, kubalulekile ukuba abafoti baqonde ingcamango f-stop or umlinganiselo wojoliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba imifanekiso yabo ibonakala igqibelele.

Kutheni i-F-Stop kunye neFocal Ratio ibalulekile kubafoti?

Kubafoti, i f-stop kwaye umlinganiselo wojoliso zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqonda ukuvezwa, ukubukhali kwelensi kunye ne-bokeh. I umlinganiselo wojoliso ibhekisela kubukhulu bendawo yokuvula ilensi, okanye indawo evulekileyo, enceda ukufumanisa ukuba kungakanani ukukhanya okuvunyelwa kwilensi ukufikelela kwisixhobo soluvo sekhamera. Xa umfoti etshintsha ubungakanani bendawo yokuvula ngokusebenzisa okwahlukileyo f-ukumisa, iyakuchaphazela iziphumo zemifanekiso yazo ubunzulu bendimi.

Enkulu inombolo ye-f-stop iyakudala indawo yokuvula encinci ekhokelela kubunzulu obukhulu bentsimi ngokugxila ngakumbi - oku kuya kuba silungiselelo esihle kakhulu iifoto zomhlaba ngoko ufumana yonke into ekugxilwe kuyo. Inani elincinane liya kukunika indawo yokuvula enkudlwana kunye nobunzulu bomhlaba obungenzulwa nto leyo yenza isifundo sakho sigqame ngakumbi- oku kuya kubangcono Ukufota ngemifanekiso apho ufuna ukufiphala macala omabini wesihloko somfanekiso wakho.

Ukongeza ekuncedeni ukulawula ukuvezwa, I-F-stop kunye ne-Focal Ratio kwakhona ube nefuthe ekubukhali xa usebenzisa iilensi ezinesisombululo esilinganiselweyo; usebenzisa umngxuma omxinwa (amanani aphezulu e-f-stop) kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuthamba okuthile ngenxa ye-diffraction kunye ne-vignetting. Ngokuqonda ezi xabiso zimbini, umfaki-zithombe unako ngokufanelekileyo lungisa useto lwekhamera yabo ngokwemiqathango yokudubula ukuze ukwandisa umgangatho womfanekiso, seta imifanekiso evezwe ngokuchanekileyo kwiimeko zokukhanya ezinzima kwaye ufezekise iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo zobugcisa ngokulawula ubunzulu bentsimi ngelixa usebenza ngeeprimes okanye i-zooms enesisombululo esilinganiselweyo.

Ukhetha njani iF-Stop efanelekileyo kunye neFocal Ratio yokufota kwakho?

Ukukhetha i-F-Stop echanekileyo kunye ne-Focal Ratio kuba ukufota kwakho ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wesiphumo esiyimpumelelo. Iziphumo zezi lens kwiifoto zakho ziya kumiselwa ziiparamitha ozibekele zona xa ukhetha isantya sokuvala kunye ne-aperature oyifunayo.

Okokuqala, kufuneka uhlolisise into oyifunayo ubunzulu bendimi uceba ukufezekisa kwifoto yakho. Ukuba ubunzulu bentsimi bufunwa, ngoko ke ii-F-Stop ezincinci ezinje f/2 okanye f/2.8 kufuneka yamkelwe. Kwelinye icala, ukuba kuyanqweneleka ukubamba amanani amaninzi ngokucace ngokulinganayo ngoko ke amanani aphezulu e-F-Stops ukusuka f/5 ukuya f/22 kufuneka isetyenziswe endaweni yoko.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba njengoko iilensi ezikhawulezayo zidla ngokubiza imali eninzi kuneelensi ezicothayo, umntu kufuneka anike ingqwalasela eyongezelelweyo kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabo xa ekhetha isantya esiphezulu sokuvala isivalo kwaye ngokuphambeneyo ajonge ukuba kungakanani na ukukhanya ezikufunayo ukubanjwa xa kuvavanywa indawo yazo yokuvula. izicwangciso. Kuya kuba bubulumko kwakhona ukubhekisa kwiincwadana zabasebenzisi okanye izifundo ze-intanethi ezichaza ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwelensi kunye noqwalaselo olufanelene kakhulu nemeko nganye ukuze ukwazi ukuzilawula ngokwenyani ezi parameters ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ekugqibeleni nangona kunjalo, akukho mpendulo iqinisekileyo kwaye ukuqonda okuthandwa nguwe ngovavanyo kuya kunceda ubugcisa bokufumana imifanekiso esemgangathweni ngokuhamba kwexesha!

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.