ISO: Yintoni ekwiCamera?

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 28, 2022

ISO, i Isalathiso ethatyathwe kuMbutho weHlabathi woMgangatho, ngumlinganiselo obalulekileyo wobuntununtunu bekhamera ekukhanyeni. Njengoko sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucinga yedijithali kwi Iikhamera namhlanje, kunokuba luncedo ukuqonda ukuba i-ISO ithetha ntoni kulo mxholo.

Eli gama lichaza ngokulula ukuba ukukhanya okungenayo kuyichaphazela njani indlela ikhamera yakho ebona ngayo izinto - ngamanye amazwi, kufuneka ukukhanya okungakanani ukuze ikwazi "ukubona" ​​umboniso. Inani eliphezulu le-ISO libonisa ukuba ikhamera inokubona ukukhanya okungakumbi; inani elisezantsi le-ISO libonisa ubuntununtunu obuncinci kwaye ukukhanya okuncinci okufunwa yikhamera.

• Inani eliphezulu le-ISO libonisa ukuba ikhamera inokubona ukukhanya okungakumbi.
• Inani elisezantsi le-ISO libonisa ubuntununtunu obuncinci kwaye ukukhanya okuncinci okufunwa yikhamera.

Lo mbono unokwenza umahluko omkhulu xa udubula kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi okanye xa ufuna ngokukhawuleza ezisisivalo Izantya ekukhanyeni kwasemini - kungoko kunjalo ukubaluleka kubafoti. Ngokuhlengahlengisa useto lwakho lwe-ISO unganyusa okanye unciphise ubungakanani bokukhanya okufakiweyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko.

Yintoni i-ISO?

ISO imele I-International Organisation for Standardization kwaye lulungiselelo oluhlengahlengiswayo kwikhamera olumisela uvakalelo lwenzwa. Amanqanaba e-ISO adla ngokuboniswa njengamanani anje nge-100, 200, 400 kwaye anokuqala ukusuka ku-50 ukuya phezulu ukuya ku-12800 okanye ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kwikhamera. Useto lwe-ISO luchaphazela ukuqaqamba kweefoto zakho kunye nobungakanani bengxolo oya kuba nayo kuzo. Makhe sihlolisise indlela esebenza ngayo.

• I-ISO imele i-International Organisation for Standardization
• Useto lwe-ISO luchaphazela ukuqaqamba kweefoto zakho kunye nobungakanani bengxolo oya kuba nayo kuzo

1. Amanqanaba e-ISO adla ngokuboniswa njengamanani anje nge-100, 200, 400 kwaye anokuqala ukusuka ku-50 ukuya phezulu ukuya ku-12800 okanye ngaphezulu ngokuxhomekeke kwikhamera.
2. Makhe sihlolisise indlela esebenza ngayo.

Inkcazo ye-ISO

ISO, emele i-International Organisation for Standardization, yireferensi yamanani kubuntununtunu bekhamera ekukhanyeni. Okukhona iphezulu inombolo ye-ISO, kokukhona ikhamera iba novakalelo ngakumbi, ikuvumela ukuba ufote ngobumnyama Ukukhanyisa iimeko. Xa udubula kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi ngekhamera yedijithali, kubalulekile ukukhetha isethingi echanekileyo ye-ISO ukuze ubambe imifanekiso esemgangathweni.

Xa ukhetha useto lwe-ISO lwekhamera yakho kukho izinto ezininzi ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Loluphi uhlobo lwesibane odubula kulo kwaye lungolwemvelo okanye lwendalo?
• Ukhawuleza kangakanani ufuna eyakho isantya se-shutter (ubungakanani bexesha isivalo sakho siya kuhlala sivuliwe) ukuba sibe?
• Ingakanani ingxolo (i-graininess ebangelwa ukunyuka kwe-sensor sensor yomfanekiso) unokunyamezela kwiindawo ezimnyama?

Yonke le miba kufuneka ilinganiswe phambi kokwenza ukhetho lokuseta.

Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwezicwangciso ze-ISO ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziphakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-200. Ukwandisa i-ISO yakho ngaphaya kolu luhlu kuya kukuvumela ukuba udubule kwimimiselo yokukhanya ephantsi kodwa unokongeza ingxolo ebonakalayo okanye ubuncinci ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela xa kuyimfuneko. Xa udubula ngaphandle ekukhanyeni kwelanga eliqaqambileyo okanye ukhanyisa ngokugqibeleleyo imiboniso yangaphakathi enezibane ezaneleyo kwaye akukho zikhombisi zitshintshayo ke okona kulungileyo ukugcina i-ISO yakho kwinqanaba elisezantsi elihlala li-100 okanye ngaphantsi ngokuxhomekeke ekwenziweni kunye nemodeli yekhamera yakho. Kubalulekile ukuba abenzi beefilimu kunye nabafoti bakhululeke ukusebenzisa iikhamera zabo kwii-ISO ezahlukeneyo njengoko oku kuya kubavumela ukuba bafumane iziphumo ezimangalisayo naxa bejongene nemicelimngeni yokukhanya efana nemitshato okanye iminyhadala yezemidlalo.

Indlela i-ISO eyichaphazela ngayo i-Exposure

Kwihlabathi lokufota kwedijithali, ISO isetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa indlela ikhamera ebuthathaka ngayo ekukhanyeni. Eli gama ekuqaleni lalibhekiselele kwiikhamera zefilimu, ezazisebenza kumgaqo ofanayo - oxhomekeke kubuntununtunu befilimu yefotosensitive layer, okanye i-emulsion, ukukhulisa ukuvezwa kunye nokuvelisa umfanekiso.

La manyathelo alandelayo achaza indlela i-ISO ekuchaphazela ngayo ukuba sesichengeni kwiikhamera zedijithali:

1. Imitha yokukhanya yekhamera ifunda ukukhanya okukhoyo kwindawo kwaye ibeka isiseko ISO xabiso.
2. Ngokulungelelanisa i ISO phezulu okanye ezantsi kolu fundo lusisiseko, ungafikelela amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuvezwa kwifoto yakho.
3. Yandisa ISO iyakuvumela ukuba uthathe umfanekiso ngokukhanya okuncinci kunokufuneka kwindawo esezantsi ISO ixabiso - ukunika ulawulo oluthe kratya kwindawo yakho yokukhanyisa ngaphandle kokubhenela kweminye imilinganiselo efana nokunyusa isantya sokuvala isivalo okanye ukuvula indawo yokungena yakho ngaphezu kokuba ubufuna.
4. Yandisa eyakho ISO ukuphakama kakhulu kuya kubangela ukukhonkotha kunye nengxolo kumfanekiso wakho; ngokuchaseneyo, ukuthoba kakhulu kunokuvelisa isithonga esingavezwanga esineenkcukacha ezincinci okanye umahluko kwizithunzi kunye neembalasane ngokufanayo. Kubalulekile ukufumana 'indawo emnandi' yemodeli yakho yekhamera ngokusekwe kwindalo yayo ISO useto ngokuchasene nesakhono selensi kunye namanqanaba okukhanya okujikeleze akhoyo ngelixa ufota ifoto.

Ngokwenyani, ukufumana indawo emnandi kukufumana ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kwengxolo encinci kunye nokuvezwa okwaneleyo-ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkcukacha ezisemfanekisweni zibukhali njengoko unqwenela ngaphandle kokuncama amanqanaba okukhanya kunye neenkcukacha zesithunzi ezinokuthi zilahleke. phezulu Ii-ISO okanye isiphelo esiphantsi iilensi ingafuna uvavanyo oluthile kunye nemposiso kunye nezicwangciso ezahlukeneyo; Ngethamsanqa ii-DSLRs zanamhlanje zibonelela ngobubanzi obaneleyo xa isiza kubuchule bazo bokulinganisa obuphezulu ngakumbi ke akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba ushiywe ufuna ukhetho!

ISO kwiiCamera zeDijithali

ISO imele uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woMgangatho kwaye ngumlinganiselo wovakalelo lwesixhobo soluvo kwikhamera yedijithali. Kuba i-ISO ngumlinganiselo wobuntununtunu, inokuchaphazela ubungakanani bokukhanya obuthinjwa yikhamera yakho xa uthatha ifoto. Ukwazi ukusebenzisa kunye nokulungelelanisa i-ISO kuya kukunceda ukuba ufumane izithonga ezintle kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imeko yokukhanyisa. Makhe sijonge eminye imiba ye-ISO:

• Isantya se-ISO
• Uluhlu lwe-ISO
• Useto lwe-ISO

Uyihlengahlengisa njani i-ISO kwiiKhamera zeDijithali

ISO, okanye i-International Standards Organisation, yinkqubo yokulinganisa amanani esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uvakalelo ekukhanyeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amanani aphantsi (50-125) aya kuvelisa imifanekiso eqaqambileyo enengqolowa encinci kunye nengxolo. Njengoko amanani enyuka ukuya kumakhulu kunye namawaka, iifoto ziya kubonakala zimnyama kodwa zineenkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Isantya esisezantsi se-ISO esifana ne-50 okanye i-100 ngokuqhelekileyo sigcinelwe ukudubula emini ecacileyo, ngelixa ii-ISO eziphezulu ezifana ne-400 okanye i-800 ziya kufaneleka kwiimeko ezinamafu / zangaphakathi.

Xa udubula idijithali ngekhamera ye-SLR yedijithali (i-DSLR) okanye ikhamera engenasipili, uhlengahlengiso lwe-ISO yakho luhle kakhulu - vele ujike elinye lamaqhosha ayo okanye ucofe imenyu yesikrini ukuze ufumane useto olufunayo lobuntununtunu. Unako kwakhona ukulawula i-ISO ngesandla ngokuseta phambi kokudubula ngakunye xa uthatha iifoto imo yezandla kwii-DSLRs ezinobungakanani obupheleleyo.

Xa kufikwa kwindawo-kwaye-ukudubula iikhamera zedijithali, unokuqaphela iqhosha elibhalwe “ISO” elitshintsha indlela ikhamera enovakalelo ngayo xa uyicinezela. Ukunyenyisa i-ISO kwezi khamera, vele ubambe eli qhosha de kuvele imenyu ekwiscreen - ukusuka apho ungajikeleza useto lwe-ISO olukhoyo ude ufumane esebenzela imeko yakho yangoku yefoto.

• 50-125 - imifanekiso eqaqambileyo enengqolowa encinci kunye nengxolo
• I-400-800 - ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinamafu / zangaphakathi

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ayizizo zonke iikhamera zedijithali ezinophawu lohlengahlengiso lwe-ISO - ke qiniseka ukuba eyakho iyakwenza phambi kokuzama ukulungisa ubuntununtunu bayo!

Izibonelelo zokuLungisa i-ISO kwiiKhamera zeDijithali

Ukulungelelanisa ISO setting kwikhamera yakho yedijithali inokuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wemifanekiso yakho. Iqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yisantya sefilimu, esi seto sichaphazela indlela ikhamera ebuthathaka ngayo xa irekhoda ukukhanya. Ukuseta i-ISO ephezulu kuya kwenza ikhamera ivakale ngakumbi ekukhanyeni kwaye ivumele isantya sokuvala isivalo esikhawulezayo, ngelixa i-ISO esezantsi inyusa umgangatho womfanekiso kodwa inokufuna ukuvezwa okude okanye eminye imilinganiselo efana nokukhanya okongeziweyo.

Ukusebenzisa i-ISO ephezulu ngokuqhelekileyo kuthetha ukwanda kwengxolo yedijithali kumfanekiso, kodwa ngeekhamera zala maxesha kunye neendlela ezihambele phambili zokunciphisa ingxolo oku kunokuncitshiswa kakhulu ukuba useto lubunjwe ngendlela eyiyo. Ukukhetha eyona ndibaniselwano yezicwangciso zokuvezwa kunye nokukhetha isethingi ye-ISO efanelekileyo zizakhono ezibalulekileyo kuye nawuphi umfoti wedijithali.

Izibonelelo zokulungelelanisa i-ISO yekhamera yedijithali iquka:

• Isantya se-shutter esikhawulezayo sokubamba izithonga zeentshukumo kunye intshukumo yomkhenkce
• Ukucaca okuphuculweyo kokufota ngokunyuka kobuntununtunu ekukhanyeni
• Ukufota okuphuculweyo ngesantya esiphezulu njengokufota ebusuku esibhakabhakeni kunye imikhondo yeenkwenkwezi
• Ulawulo olungcono kubunzulu bebala xa udubula imizobo okanye uvale iifoto zendalo

isiphelo

ISO yi useto lwekhamera yedijithali ekuvumela ukuba ulawule ubuntununtunu benzwa yekhamera yakho. Okukhona usezantsi useto lwe-ISO, kokukhona ubuthathaka obuphantsi kwekhamera iya kukhanya, kwaye incinci ingxolo eya kuyizisa kwiifoto zakho. Kwelinye icala, iisetingi eziphezulu ze-ISO zinovakalelo ngakumbi ekukhanyeni kwaye zikuvumela ukuba uthathe iifoto kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuvezwa, kodwa kukhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu engxolo.

Kubalulekile ukwenza umfuniselo ngoseto lwe-ISO kwaye ufunde ukuba lusebenza njani kuba ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubuntununtunu bokukhanya kuphela kodwa ikuvumela ukuba wenze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemifanekiso ngokusekwe kwisantya sesivalo. Ngoqheliselo oluthile uyakwazi ukusebenzisa i-ISO kwaye ube nobuchule ngakumbi bokusebenzisa imowudi yekhamera yekhamera yakho.

• Iisetingi ze-ISO ezisezantsi azikhathali kangako ekukhanyeni kwaye zivelisa ingxolo encinci.
• Iisetingi eziphezulu ze-ISO zinovakalelo ngakumbi ekukhanyeni kwaye zikuvumela ukuba uthathe iifoto kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi kunye namaxesha amafutshane, kodwa zikhokelela kumazinga aphezulu engxolo.
• Iisetingi ze-ISO zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ubuntununtunu bokukhanya kwaye ikuvumela ukuba wenze iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemifanekiso.
• Ngokuziqhelanisa, unokugqwesa ukusebenzisa i-ISO kwaye ube nobuchule ngakumbi bokusebenzisa imowudi yesandla yekhamera yakho.

Ukushwankathela, ukuqonda useto lwe-ISO kubalulekile ekuthatheni iifoto ezintle. Ngoqheliselo oluthile kunye nokulinga, uya kukwazi ukusebenzisa useto lwe-ISO ukwenza imifanekiso emihle kwaye ube nobuchule ngakumbi bokusebenzisa imowudi yesandla yekhamera yakho.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.