Ilensi yoSondeza: Yintoni kwaye mayisetyenziswe nini

ngo kim Ukuhlaziywa: Juni 28, 2022

Zoom iilensi sesinye sezixhobo eziguquguqukayo zezixhobo zokufota, ezinikezela umfoti uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye nokhetho.

Ilensi yokusondeza inokunceda ukwenza imifanekiso emangalisayo eneziphumo ezintle ze-bokeh, okanye ibambe imixholo ekude ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga nzulu ukuba yintoni i-zoom lens, yintoni enokuyenza, kwaye uyisebenzise nini kwiiprojekthi zakho zokufota.

Ingcaciso yeLensi yokuSondeza

Efotweni, i-zoom lens luhlobo lwelensi enobude obuguquguqukayo bokugxila. Ukukwazi ukutshintsha ubude bojoliso kwaziwa njengokusondeza. Ngelensi yokusondeza, abafoti banokukhawuleza nangokulula ukuziqhelanisa nembono yabo kwisifundo esibanjwayo ngokuhlengahlengisa ubude bokugxila.

Iilensi zokusondeza zisebenzisa iilensi zangaphakathi eziyilelwe ukuhamba ngokunxulumene enye kwenye ukuze kuzuzwe ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bomfanekiso kumgama owahlukileyo ukusuka kwinto. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-zoom lens ichongiwe ngoluhlu lwayo - umzekelo, i-18-55 mm okanye i-70-200 mm - ebonisa ubude obufutshane kunye nobude obuninzi obunokuthi i-lens inokumiselwa kubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo okukhona ukude kwisifundo sakho (umzekelo, ukuhamba umva), kokukhona umfanekiso wakho uya kuba mkhulu; ngokuchaseneyo, xa ukufutshane, iya kuba ncinane (umzekelo, ukuhamba phambili).

Uninzi lwee-zooms lunoluhlu lweelensi ezingama-35mm. Oku kuthetha ukuba babonelela ngokuguquguquka kokuyila kuba bekulungele imigama eyahlukeneyo yokudubula kunye neefomathi zizenza ziguquguquke ngakumbi kuneelensi eziphambili, ezinobude obuzinzileyo obungenako ukuhlengahlengiswa ngaphandle kokutshintsha iilensi okanye ukuncamathisela izixhobo zangaphandle ezifana nee-teleconverters. Ii-Zooms zikwabonelela ngokubukhali okungcono kuneenguqulelo eziphambili.

Iintlobo zeeLensi zokusondeza

Iilensi zokusondeza ziza kwiimilo ezininzi kunye nobukhulu kwaye zichongwa ngoluhlu lobude obugxininisekileyo - ukusuka kokufutshane ukuya kobude. Inani elisezantsi, i-engile yokujonga ibanzi; inani liphezulu, liyancipha. Iilensi zokusondeza zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu ezohlukeneyo: ukusondeza okubanzi, ukwandiswa kwemigangatho, kunye nokwandisa i-telephoto.

Iilensi zokusondeza ezibanzi zinika i-engile yokujonga ebanzi kunoko unokuyifumana nge-lens egxininisiweyo yobude obusisigxina okanye ilensi yokusondeza eqhelekileyo. Olu lukhetho oluhle ukuba ufuna ukubamba iipanorama ezibanzi okanye ulungele imiboniso emikhulu yangaphandle kukudubula kwakho kuba zicinezela izinto ezikude zinciphisa umbono ogqwethekileyo kwaye zikuvumela ukuba ubambe yonke into ekwisakhelo sakho.

Iilensi zokusondeza ezisemgangathweni zinobude obuphakathi obuphakathi obusuka malunga ne-24 ukuya kwi-70mm kwiimodeli ezininzi. Babonelela ngokuguquguquka ngakumbi kunee-lens ezigxininisiweyo zobude obugxininisiweyo ngenxa yokukwazi kwabo ukuhlengahlengisa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kukudubula okuphakathi ukuya kwi-close-ups. Ezi ntlobo zeelensi zokusondeza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi emininzi efana nokufota okuhambayo, umsebenzi wamaxwebhu, iminyhadala yangaphakathi, ukufota imizobo eqhelekileyo okanye izifinyezo zemihla ngemihla.

Iilensi zokwandisa iTelephoto zibonakalisa ubude bojoliso olude oluqala malunga ne-70mm okanye ngaphezulu kwaye zanda ukuya kuthi ga kumakhulu ambalwa eemilimitha (okanye nangaphezulu). Ezi ntlobo zeelensi zigqwesa ekwenzeni izifundo ezikude zibonakale zikufutshane xa kudutshulwa umhlaba, ukufotwa kwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nemisitho yezemidlalo ngaphandle kokufuna isixa esigqithisileyo sezixhobo ezifana neetripods kunye neemonopods ngenxa yezizinzi zazo ezinamandla ezinciphisa ukushukuma kwekhamera.

benefits

Iilensi zokusondeza zibonelela ngezinto eziguquguqukayo kubafoti, njengoko zibonelela nge-engile ebanzi yokujonga kunye nokukwazi ukusondeza kwaye ubambe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu. Iilensi zokusondeza zilungile ekubambeni imbonakalo yomhlaba kunye nokufota izilwanyana zasendle ezifuna ukusondezwa ukuze kugxilwe ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kude. Zikhona ezinye iingenelo zokusondeza iilensi esiza kuzijonga ngoku.

Ukungafani

Iilensi zokusondeza zibonelela ngokwanda kokuguquguquka kwabafoti bazo zonke iintlobo, nokuba bangamagcisa anamava okanye bakhululeka ngezixhobo eziphambili. Oku kungenxa yokuba iilensi zokusondeza zinokutshintsha ubude belensi - ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe i-engile ebanzi yokujonga, okanye i-telephoto ngokuxhomekeke kwinto efanele indawo. Obu buchule bokutshintsha phakathi koluhlu lobude obuhambelanayo bubenza balunge kubo bobabini abasaqalayo, abanokufunda ukuqamba ngokufanelekileyo imifanekiso yabo, kunye neengcali ezijonge ukwenza iifoto ezintle.

Iilensi zokusondeza zikwavula amathuba obuchule bokuyila - ngakumbi ngokufota. Abanako nje ukubamba i-close-ups kunye ne-tight shots enokuba nzima ukuba usebenzisa i-prime lens (i-lens egxininisekile yobude be-focal), kodwa unokutshintsha phakathi kobubanzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nemibono ngexesha lokudubula. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwezi ntlobo zeelensi zixhotyiswe ngeempawu zokuzinzisa umfanekiso, uya kuba nexesha elilula lokufumana imifanekiso ebukhali kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwizantya zeshutha ezinde okanye isantya sefilim ekhawulezayo.

Ezi mpawu zidityanisiwe zenza iilensi zokusondeza zinqweneleke kwiindidi ezininzi zeemeko - ukusuka kumfanekiso wembonakalo yomhlaba apho kunokuba luncedo ukusondeza kwindawo ekwanti ukuze ujongwe ngokusondeleyo ngaphandle kokuzandisa ngokwasemzimbeni; ukufotowa kwezemidlalo apho izifundo zinokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifuna ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo; ukufotowa kwezilwanyana zasendle kumgama okhuselekileyo; ukufota okukhulu apho iisetingi zokuvula indawo emxinwa zifanelekile; kunye nokunye okuninzi! Ekugqibeleni iilensi zokusondeza zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okungenakubonelelwa ziilensi eziphambili - ke ukuba neengqondo ezivulekileyo kukhetho olwahlukileyo kunokukhokelela isakhono sakho kumacala amatsha!

Quality Image

Xa usebenzisa i-zoom lens, umgangatho womfanekiso ofunyenweyo ubotshelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpawu zelensi ethile esetyenziswayo. Kuluhlu lwexabiso eliphantsi, iilensi ezininzi zokusondeza azinikezeli umfanekiso obukhali njenge-prime lens - enezona zinto zangaphakathi ezinegalelo kubukhali bomfanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili yanamhlanje kwimveliso yelensi iyaqhawuka loo miqobo kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha iilensi zokusondeza umgangatho ezinesisombululo esigqwesileyo kunye nomahluko kubude obahlukeneyo bokugxila.

Iilensi zokusondeza zinokubonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu xa kufikwa kwiimeko zokudubula kunye nemibono, ukunika abafoti ngokuyila ngakumbi kwimifanekiso yabo. Ngokutshintsha ubude bogxininiso, banokuhlengahlengisa ngokulula indawo yabo yokujonga ngelixa begcina ikhamera kwindawo esisigxina malunga nesihloko sabo. Oku kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi xa ukudubula kwiindawo ezixineneyo okanye iimeko ezithintelweyo ezinokuthi ngenye indlela zithintele amandla omfoti wokuqamba umfanekiso wakhe ngokufanelekileyo nalo naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwelensi. Olunye uncedo oluphambili apha kukuba akusekho mfuneko yokuba ujikeleze iilensi eziphambili ukuba awufuni – endaweni yoko unokusebenzisa ilensi yokusondeza eguquguqukayo egquma bonke ubude obunqwenelekayo bokugxila ngesisombululo esihle kunye nomahluko.

Isebenza kakuhle emalini

Ilensi yokusondeza inokuba yindlela eneendleko zokubeka i-DSLR yakho kwisantya sayo. Iilensi zokusondeza azibizi kakhulu kuneeprime lens, ezinobude obugxininisiweyo obusisigxina. Iilensi zokusondeza zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zixinene ngakumbi, eziluncedo kuhambo kunye nembonakalo yomhlaba, kunye nesitrato okanye ukufota okubhaliweyo. Ukongeza, ukubanakho ukuguquguqula ubude bojoliso ukusuka kwi-engile ebanzi ukuya kwi-telephoto kuthetha ukuba awudingi iilensi ezininzi eziphambili ezinobude obahlukeneyo bokugxila kuzo zonke iimfuno zakho - ukonga imali kwigiya.

Okokugqibela, ukuba uthenga i-zoom lens enozinziso lomfanekiso (IS) eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, uya kukwazi ukuthatha imifanekiso ekhrisp naxa ubambe ngesandla kwizantya zesivalo ebesingeke senzeke ngaphandle kwe-IS. Oku kuya kukuvumela ukuba udubule ngaphandle kokujikeleza i-tripod enkulu okanye ezinye izinyusi zozinzo olongezelelweyo ukwenza ukuba kube neendleko ezingaphezulu ngokwexesha kunye namandla asetyenzisiweyo ukuseta kunye nokuqhekeka kwezixhobo.

Isetyenziswa nini iLens yokusondeza

Ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwelensi xa ukudubula kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumgangatho weefoto kunye neevidiyo zakho. Xa ukhetha ilensi, kubalulekile ukwazi ixesha lokusebenzisa ilensi yokusondeza kunye nexesha lokuya kwilensi yobude obugxininisiweyo obusisigxina. Iilensi zokusondeza zinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokudubula. Makhe sijonge ukuba kufuneka usebenzise nini i-zoom lens kunye nendlela enokunceda ngayo ukufota kwakho.

Ukufota komhlaba

Xa kufikwa ekusebenziseni i-Zoom Lens kwiifoto zembonakalo yomhlaba, kuya kufuneka uqaphele ukuba iilensi ezininzi zoomzo aziyi kugcina ubukhali obuninzi kubude bazo bokujongwa okude xa kuthelekiswa neelensi eziphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ngale nto ithethwayo, izinto ezimbalwa ezidityaniswe nokukwazi ukuhlengahlengisa ngokulula ukwakheka kwakho ngaphandle kokuhamba okanye utshintshe indawo yekhamera yakho isenokuluxabisa utyalo-mali kwilensi yokusondeza.

Iilensi ze-engile ebanzi (14 – 24mm) zilungele ukubamba imbonakalo-mhlaba enwebileyo kunye nemiboniso emikhulu, ngelixa i-24 – 70mm okanye i-24 – 105mm ngokubanzi ithande ukuba luluhlu olucetyiswayo xa ukhangela ilensi yenjongo zonke. Ukufumana imbonakalo yomhlaba eyahlukileyo, enje ngeencopho zeentaba ezimangalisayo, izilwanyana zasendle kwiindawo / iindawo zokugcina izilwanyana kunye nokufota nge-astro, 70 - 300mm nangaphezulu ziguquguquka ngakumbi ukuze kuthathwe imifanekiso ebanzi ngokufikelela kwi-telephoto ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esifanayo.

Nokuba yeyiphi na ifoto yeLandscape enomtsalane kuwe, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho i-zoom lens eya kunceda ukubamba imifanekiso emihle. Into ephambili kukukhetha enye ehambelana nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neemfuno zoyilo.

Ukufota ngemifanekiso

Ukufota ngokubonakalayo kuhlala kufezekiswa ngcono kusetyenziswa i-zoom lens. Ukukwazi ukusondeza kwilensi yakho kukuvumela ukuba wenze imifanekiso emangalisayo yabantu ngaphandle kokuba ushukume kwaye uyibeke ngokutsha ukuze ufumane ifreyimu eyiyo kunye nokwakheka. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa i-lens ephambili, iya kukunika inkangeleko eyahlukileyo njengoko ibonelela ngommandla omxinwa wokujonga-ngamanye amazwi into onokuyibona ngemboniselo ilinganiselwe ukuze ube negumbi elincinci lokushukuma xa uqamba umfanekiso. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwabafoti bemifanekiso yobuchwephesha bakhetha itelephoto okanye iilensi zetelephoto eziphakathi kwimizobo yabo ngenxa yokuguquguquka okongeziweyo kokukwazi ukusondeza ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesifundo sabo (okanye luhlobo luni lwesiphumo sokuyila abangathanda ukusifezekisa. ). Iilensi zeTelephoto zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukufota kwezemidlalo ngokunjalo ngenxa yokukwazi ukubamba izinto ezikude zisondele. Ukufikelela ixesha elide kukwanika abafoti ukhetho olungakumbi xa befota ngokukhanya kwendalo, njengoko benokunyusa okanye banciphise umgama phakathi kwabo kunye nesihloko sabo ngelixa begcina izinto ngaphakathi kwesakhelo.

Iifoto zeMidlalo kunye nezilwanyana zasendle

Ezemidlalo kunye nokufota izilwanyana zasendle zifuna isantya esikhawulezayo sokuvala kwaye kunokufuna ukufota isifundo esinye esisuka kude. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, i-telephoto okanye i-zoom lens inokunceda ukufezekisa ukudubula okufunayo. Iilensi zeTelephoto ziza ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobude, kunye ne-70mm ibe yindawo entle yokuqala ukuba usaqala.

Ezi lens zikuvumela ukuba usondeze kwisifundo sakho ngelixa zikunika indawo yokuxhasa njengoko kufuneka. Izantya zokuvala ezikhawulezayo zinceda ukumisa isenzo kwaye ugcine yonke into ibukhali, ke ukuba nelensi ekhawulezayo kubalulekile kwimidlalo kunye nokufota izilwanyana zasendle. Ukukhawuleza ukuvuleka kunye noluhlu olugxininise lwelensi, kokukhona uya kuba nako ukuguquguquka okuninzi kwiishothi zakho.

Iilensi zeTelephoto zifaneleke ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi enentshukumo enyiniweyo kunye nemidlalo ebandakanya iindawo ezinkulu ezivulekileyo njengemisitho yomzila kunye nebala kunye nomdyarho wemoto. Imidlalo apho abadlali bohlulwe khona yimigama emikhulu efana negalufa, ukuhamba ngesikhephe okanye ukusefa kungabanjwa ngokulula kusetyenziswa ilensi ye-telephoto, kuba ibamba iinkcukacha zikude lee kunokuba uninzi lwezinye iintlobo zeelensi zinokufikelela.

Ke ukuba unomdla wokudubula izilwanyana zasendle okanye ukufotowa kwezemidlalo rhoqo, ukutyala imali kumgangatho we-70-300mm telephoto lens ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukunika imbuyekezo elungileyo ngokwemizobo ephuculweyo. Amandla okwandisa akuvumela ukuba ubambe ngokulula inani elimangalisayo leenkcukacha ezinikezelwa zezi zifundo zimangalisayo ngelixa uvumela iimbono zokujonga ngokusondeleyo ezingafikelelekiyo ngeelensi "zekhithi" zemveli ezifana ne-18-55mm zooms ezihlala ziza kuhlanganiswa nee-SLRs zedijithali xa zithengwa zintsha.

isiphelo

Ukuqukumbela, iilensi zokusondeza zibonelela abafoti ngesixhobo sokuyila esiguquguqukayo nesiguqukayo. Zikuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-engile-ebanzi ukuya kumbono we-telephoto ngaphandle kokutshintsha iilensi. Ukwazi ukuba ungayisebenzisa nini i-zoom lens kunokukunceda ukuba ufumane okuninzi kwifoto yakho. Ke, nokuba udubula imihlaba, imizobo, iifoto zokuhamba, okanye nantoni na eyenye, i-zoom lens inokuba lukhetho oluhle.

isishwankathelo

Isishwankathelo, i-zoom lens luhlobo lwelensi yekhamera ekuvumela ukuba ugxile kwizinto ezikwimigama eyahlukeneyo. Iyakwazi "ukusondeza" kunye "nokunciphisa" ukutshintsha indawo yokujonga umfanekiso njengoko kufuneka. Iilensi zokusondeza ziguquguquka ngendlela emangalisayo, zizenza zilungele iinjongo zeefoto ezinje ngembonakalo yomhlaba, imizobo, ukufota kwezemidlalo, ukufota izilwanyana zasendle, kunye nokunye.

Xa uthatha isigqibo malunga nokuba yeyiphi ilensi yokusondeza kwingqokelela yakho, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela imiba efana noluhlu lobude obugxininisiweyo (i-wide-angle okanye i-telephoto), ubukhulu bobukhulu bokuvula, umgangatho wokwakha (intsimbi xa ithelekiswa neplastiki), ubunzima kunye nobukhulu belensi. Nokuba yeyiphi lens yokusondeza oyikhethayo, qiniseka ukuba iya kukubonelela ngeyona ntsebenzo ilungileyo kwiimfuno zakho zokufota.

Molo, ndinguKim, umama kunye nomthandi we-stop-motion onemvelaphi kwindalo yemidiya kunye nophuhliso lwewebhu. Ndinothando olukhulu lokuzoba kunye noopopayi, kwaye ngoku ndintywila kuqala kwihlabathi le-stop-motion. Ngebhlog yam, ndabelana nawe ngokufunda kwam.