Iziphequluli Zewebhu: Ziyini Futhi Zisebenza Kanjani?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 25, 2022

Siyini isiphequluli sewebhu? Isiphequluli sewebhu yi-a isicelo sesoftware ekuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uhlanganyele nokuqukethwe ku-inthanethi. Iziphequluli zewebhu ezidume kakhulu yi-Google Chrome, i-Mozilla Firefox, ne-Microsoft Edge.

Isiphequluli sewebhu wuhlelo lwesoftware olukuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uhlanganyele nokuqukethwe ku-inthanethi. Iziphequluli zewebhu ezidume kakhulu yi-Google Chrome, i-Mozilla Firefox, ne-Microsoft Edge. Umsebenzi omkhulu wesiphequluli sewebhu uku display amakhasi ewebhu nokunye okuqukethwe ngendlela esebenziseka kalula. Isiphequluli sitolika i-HTML nenye ikhodi yewebhu futhi sibonisa okuqukethwe ngendlela okulula ukuthi abantu bayifunde futhi bahlanganyele nayo.

Isiphequluli sitolika i-HTML nenye ikhodi yewebhu futhi sibonisa okuqukethwe ngendlela okulula ukuthi abantu bayifunde futhi bahlanganyele nayo. Iziphequluli zewebhu zisetshenziselwa ukufinyelela amawebhusayithi, izitolo eziku-inthanethi, inkundla yezokuxhumana, nokunye okuqukethwe ku-inthanethi. Zisetshenziswa futhi ukulanda nokufaka ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nesoftware.

Siyini Isiphequluli Sewebhu?

Senzani Isiphequluli Sewebhu?

Isiphequluli sewebhu siyithuluzi elinamandla elikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele i-inthanethi, ubuke umbhalo, izithombe, amavidiyo, nokuningi. Iziphequluli ezidumile zifaka iFirefox, iGoogle Chrome, iMicrosoft Edge, ne-Apple Safari.

Ishintshe Kanjani I-inthanethi?

I-inthanethi iyishintshile indlela esisebenza ngayo, esidlala ngayo, nesisebenzisana ngayo. Ihlanganisa amazwe, ezentengiselwano eziqhutshwayo, ubudlelwano obuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuqanjwa okusha okuqhutshwayo. Yinjini yesikhathi esizayo, futhi inesibopho sazo zonke lezo meme ezihlekisayo.

Kungani Ukungena Kuwebhu Kubalulekile?

Kubalulekile ukuqonda amathuluzi esiwasebenzisayo ukuze sifinyelele iwebhu. Ngokuchofoza okumbalwa, ungakwazi:

• Thumela i-imeyili komunye umuntu ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba
• Shintsha indlela ocabanga ngayo ngolwazi
• Thola izimpendulo zemibuzo obungeke ukwazi ukuyibuza
• Finyelela kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza noma ucezu lolwazi ngesikhathi esisheshayo ngangokunokwenzeka

Kuyamangaza ongakwenza ngesikhathi esifushane kangaka!

Umhumushi Wewebhu

Isiphequluli sewebhu sifana nomhumushi phakathi kwethu newebhu. Kudingeka ikhodi edala amakhasi ewebhu, njengezithombe, umbhalo, namavidiyo we-Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), futhi iwenza aqonde kithi. I-HTTP ibeka imithetho enquma ukuthi izithombe, umbhalo, namavidiyo adluliselwa kanjani ku-inthanethi. Lokho kusho ukuthi sidinga indlela yokuqonda Ulimi LweMarkup Hypertext (HTML) kanye nekhodi ye-Javascript ukuze sizule ku-inthanethi. Isibonelo, uma ubuka isibuyekezo se-ExpressVPN, isiphequluli sakho silayisha ikhasi.

Kungani Yonke Isayithi Ibukeka Ihlukile?

Ngokudabukisayo, abenzi beziphequluli bakhetha ukuhumusha ifomethi ngendlela yabo, okusho ukuthi amawebhusayithi angabukeka futhi asebenze ngendlela ehlukile kuye ngesiphequluli osisebenzisayo. Lokhu kudala ukuntula ukuvumelana abasebenzisi abangakujabuleli. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, usengajabulela i-inthanethi ngokunganaki isiphequluli osikhethayo.

Yini Eyenza Iziphequluli Zewebhu Ziphawule?

Iziphequluli zewebhu zilanda idatha ku-inthanethi kuseva exhunyiwe. Basebenzisa ucezu lwesofthiwe olubizwa ngokuthi i-rendering injini ukuze bahumushe idatha ibe umbhalo, izithombe, nenye idatha ebhalwe ngolimi lwe-Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Iziphequluli zewebhu zifunda le khodi futhi zidala umuzwa obonakalayo onawo ku-inthanethi. Izixhumanisi zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balandele indlela yamakhasi namasayithi kuwebhu yonkana. Ikhasi lewebhu ngalinye, isithombe, noma ividiyo ine-Uniform Resource Locator (URL), eyaziwa nangokuthi ikheli lewebhu. Uma isiphequluli sivakashela iseva, idatha esekhelini lewebhu itshela isiphequluli ukuthi yini okufanele siyibheke futhi i-HTML itshela isiphequluli ukuthi siye kuphi ekhasini lewebhu.

Yini Engemuva Kwekhethini Leziphequluli Zewebhu?

I-Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Uma uthayipha ikheli lekhasi lewebhu, njenge-www.allaboutcookies.org, esipheqululini sakho bese uchofoza isixhumanisi, kufana nokunikeza izikhombisi-ndlela zesiphequluli sakho lapho sifuna ukuya khona.

Icela Okuqukethwe Kumaseva

Iziphakeli lapho okuqukethwe kwekhasi lewebhu kugcinwa khona zibuyisela okuqukethwe futhi zikubonise kona. Kodwa okwenzekayo ngempela ukuthi isiphequluli sakho sibiza uhlu lwezicelo zokuqukethwe ezinhlwini zezinsiza ezihlukahlukene namaseva lapho okuqukethwe kwalelo khasi kugcinwa khona.

Imithombo Ehlukene Yokuqukethwe

Ikhasi lewebhu olicelile lingase libe nokuqukethwe okuvela emithonjeni ehlukene - izithombe zingase zivele kwenye iseva, okuqukethwe kombhalo kwenye, imibhalo evela kwenye, kanye nezikhangiso zisuka kwenye futhi iseva. Isiphequluli sakho sibuyisa yonke idatha kuseva futhi sisebenzisa isofthiwe yenjini yokunikezela ukuhumusha ikhasi lewebhu lisuka kukhodi ye-HTML, izithombe, nombhalo.

Iyini i-HTTP ne-HTTPS?

I-HTTP: Izisekelo

• I-HTTP imele i-Hypertext Transfer Protocol futhi iyiphrothokholi yokuxhumana eyinhloko ebeka imithetho yokuseshwa kwe-inthanethi.
• Isetshenziselwa ukuhumusha ikhodi yamakhasi ewebhu ibe yizici ezibonakalayo esizijwayele.

I-HTTPS: Umehluko

• I-HTTPS ifana kakhulu ne-HTTP, kodwa inomehluko owodwa oyinhloko: ibhala ngemfihlo idatha edluliselwa kusuka ekhasini lewebhu iye kumsebenzisi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
• Lokhu kuxhumeka okuvikelekile kunikwe amandla ngobuchwepheshe be-Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) kanye ne-Transport Layer Security (TLS).
• Iziphequluli ezisebenzisa i-HTTP ziyakwazi ukuthola nokuthumela idatha emakhasini ewebhu, kuyilapho iziphequluli ezisebenzisa i-HTTPS zikwazi ukwamukela nokuthumela idatha emakhasini ewebhu ngoxhumano olubethelwe ngokuphephile.

Ukuhlola Izici Zeziphequluli Zewebhu

Izilawuli ezibalulekile

Iziphequluli zewebhu zinezilawuli ezithile ezibalulekile ezenza ukuzizwisa kwakho kuwebhu kube lula. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ibha yekheli: Itholakala phezulu esipheqululini, yilapho uthayipha khona i-URL yewebhusayithi ofuna ukufinyelela kuyo.
• Izengezo nezandiso: Abathuthukisi bohlelo lokusebenza badala izengezo nezandiso ukusiza ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wakho wewebhu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izibali sikhathi, iziqeshana zewebhu, abahleli benkundla yezokuxhumana, namabhukhimakhi.
• Amabhukumaka: Uma ufuna ukudonsa ngokushesha iwebhusayithi oyivakashele ngaphambilini, ibhukhimakhi ukuze ukwazi ukuya kuyo kalula ngokuzayo ngaphandle kokuthayipha i-URL.
• Umlando wesiphequluli: Umlando wesiphequluli sakho urekhoda amawebhusayithi owavakashele phakathi nesikhathi esithile. Lokhu kungaba yinzuzo uma udinga ukuthola ulwazi oke walubona ngaphambilini. Sincoma ukuthi usule umlando wakho uma wabelana ngekhompyutha yakho nabanye.

Iwindi Lesiphequluli

Iwindi lesiphequluli isici esiyinhloko sesiphequluli. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke okuqukethwe kwekhasi lewebhu.

Amakhukhi

Amakhukhi amafayela ombhalo agcina ulwazi nedatha iwebhusayithi ethile engabelana ngayo. Amakhukhi angaba usizo ekulondolozeni ulwazi lwakho lokungena nekalishi lokuthenga, kodwa kukhona ukukhathazeka okuyimfihlo.

Inkinobho yasekhaya

Ikhasi lakho lasekhaya yikhasi olisethe njengelimisiwe lakho. Kusebenza njengesiqalo ukwethula isiphequluli sakho sewebhu futhi ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi izixhumanisi kumasayithi akho owathandayo. Ukuze uzulazule kalula uye ekhasini lakho eliyisiqalo noma kunini, vele uchofoze inkinobho yasekhaya yesiphequluli.

Izinkinobho Zokuzulazula

Izinkinobho zokuphequlula zesiphequluli zikuvumela ukuthi uye emuva naphambili, uvuselele noma ulayishe kabusha ikhasi, bese ubhukhimaka ikhasi (ngokuvamile elinenkanyezi noma uphawu lwebhukhimakhi).

Izandiso Zesiphequluli

Izandiso zesiphequluli ngokuvamile zimelelwa ucezu lwephazili noma amachashazi amathathu astakiwe noma amabha. Bakusiza ukuthi uvule ikhasi lewebhu elisha ngokuchofoza isixhumanisi, futhi ikhasi elisha livula kuthebhu, elikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe kalula phakathi kwamakhasi ewebhu ahlukene.

Iziphequluli Zewebhu Ezidumile zawo wonke umuntu

Apple Safari

• I-Safari isiphequluli se-Apple, esiklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi e-Apple afana nama-Macbooks, iPhones, nama-iPads.
• Inikeza izici zokulwa ne-malware kanye nemfihlo, kanye nesivimbeli sesikhangiso.

i-Google Chrome

• I-Chrome isiphequluli sewebhu esidume kakhulu sedeskithophu, futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngomuzwa ophelele we-Google Workspace, okuhlanganisa i-Gmail, i-YouTube, i-Google Amadokhumenti, ne-Google Drayivu.

I-Microsoft Edge

• I-Edge yakhiwe yi-Microsoft ukuze ithathele indawo ye-Internet Explorer.
• Inezici eziningi ezenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kubasebenzisi beWindows.

I-Mozilla Firefox

• I-Firefox yakhiwe yi-Mozilla Project, ekuqaleni eyayisekelwe kusiphequluli se-Netscape.
• Idume kakhulu kubasebenzisi abafuna ubumfihlo, njengoba inikeza izici i-Chrome engazitholi.

Opera

• I-Opera isiphequluli esigxile ekuyimfihlo esiza nezinto eziningi eziwusizo, njenge-VPN nesivimbeli sezikhangiso.
• Futhi kungenye indlela ye-Crypto Browser, iTor.

Tor Browser

• I-Tor, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Onion Router, isiphequluli esinomthombo ovulekile esithathwa njengenketho ekhethwa yizigebengu nezintatheli.
• Ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise iwebhu emnyama ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo, futhi yadalwa ekuqaleni i-US Navy.

Vivaldi

• I-Vivaldi isiphequluli esinomthombo ovulekile esishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ekuvimbeni izikhangiso, okuhlanganisa nezikhangiso zevidiyo.
• Isici sayo esidume kakhulu kungenzeka ikhono layo lokubuka amathebhu ngefomethi yethayela.

Ayini Amakhukhi futhi Iziphequluli Ziwasebenzisa Kanjani?

Ayini ama-cookie?

Amakhukhi digital amafayela asiza amawebhusayithi enze kube ngokwakho umuzwa wakho wewebhu. Bavumela isayithi ukuthi likhumbule ulwazi owabelane ngalo, njengolwazi lokungena ngemvume, izinto ezisekalishini lakho lokuthenga, kanye nekheli lakho lasesizindeni se-inthanethi.

Imithetho Yobumfihlo Namakhukhi

I-European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) idinga amawebhusayithi ukuthi acele imvume ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amakhukhi. Sincoma ukuthi ucabangele isicelo sekhukhi futhi wamukele angcono kakhulu ukuze ugweme ukwamukela amakhukhi okulandelela ezinkampani zangaphandle.

Ukuqoqwa Kwedatha Ngemva Kokushiya Iwebhusayithi

Ngisho nangemva kokushiya iwebhusayithi, amakhukhi asengakwazi ukuqoqa idatha. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ungakwazi:

• Sula amakhukhi wesiphequluli sakho
• Lungisa izilungiselelo zobumfihlo zesiphequluli sakho
• Sebenzisa iwindi lokuphequlula eliyimfihlo.

Ukugcina Ubumfihlo Bakho Buyimfihlo

Kuyini Ukuphequlula Okuyimfihlo?

Ukuphequlula okuyimfihlo kuyilungiselelo elikhona cishe kuzo zonke iziphequluli ezinkulu ukusiza ukufihla umlando wakho wokuphequlula kwabanye abantu usebenzisa ikhompyutha efanayo. Abantu bacabanga ukuthi ukuphequlula okuyimfihlo, okuphinde kwaziwe ngemodi ye-incognito, kuzofihla ubunikazi babo nomlando wokuphequlula kubahlinzeki babo besevisi ye-inthanethi, ohulumeni, nabakhangisi.

Ngingawusula Kanjani Umlando Wami?

Ukusula umlando wakho wokuphequlula kuyindlela enhle yokusiza ukugcina imininingwane yakho ebucayi iphephile. Uma usebenzisa ikhompuyutha yomphakathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusula umlando wakho. Nansi indlela yokwenza:

• IFirefox: Landa iFirefox futhi uhlole Isaziso Sobumfihlo seFirefox. I-Firefox ikusiza ukuthi uhlale uyimfihlo ku-inthanethi ngokukuvumela ukuthi uvimbe ama-tracker nezinye izinto ezikulandelayo kuwebhu yonkana.

• I-Chrome: Vula i-Chrome bese uchofoza amachashazi amathathu ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla. Bese, uchofoza kokuthi Izilungiselelo bese uskrolela phansi kokuthi Ubumfihlo Nokuphepha. Chofoza okuthi Sula Idatha Yokuphequlula bese ukhetha idatha ofuna ukuyisusa.

Ngingazibuyekeza Kanjani Izilungiselelo Zobumfihlo Zesiphequluli Sami?

i-Google Chrome

Ukubuyekeza izilungiselelo zakho zobumfihlo ku-Google Chrome kulula:

• Chofoza kwesokudla esipheqululini sakho bese ukhetha amachashazi amathathu
• Khetha imenyu yokudonsela phansi ethi 'Izilungiselelo'
• Khetha 'Ubumfihlo Nokuphepha'
• Sincoma ukuthi uye kunketho ethi 'Sula Idatha Yokuphequlula' ukuze ususe umlando wesiphequluli sakho, usule amakhukhi kanye nenqolobane
• Ngaphansi kokuthi 'Amakhukhi Nedatha Yesayithi', ungatshela i-Chrome ukuthi ivimbe amakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle, ivimbele wonke amakhukhi noma ivumele wonke amakhukhi.
• Ungaphinda utshele i-Chrome ukuthi ithumele izicelo zokuthi 'Ungalandeli' uma uphequlula amasayithi ahlukene
• Okokugcina, khetha ileveli yokuvikela ofuna i-Chrome ilisebenzise uma kuziwa kumawebhusayithi anonya nokulanda.

Ukwenza ngokwezifiso Isiphequluli Sakho Sewebhu

Izandiso kanye Nezengezo

Iziphequluli zewebhu ezinkulu zikuvumela ukuthi uguqule ulwazi lwakho ngezandiso nezengezo. Lezi zingcezu zesofthiwe zengeza ukusebenza futhi zenze isiphequluli sakho ngokwezifiso, sivumela izici ezintsha, izichazamazwi zolimi lwangaphandle, nokubukeka okubonakalayo okunjengamatimu. Abenzi besiphequluli bathuthukisa imikhiqizo yokubonisa izithombe namavidiyo ngokushesha nangokushelela, okwenza kube lula ukwenza iwebhu ikusebenzele kanzima.

Ukukhetha Isiphequluli Esilungile

Kubalulekile ukukhetha isiphequluli esifanele. I-Mozilla yakha iFirefox ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzisi bayakwazi ukulawula izimpilo zabo eziku-inthanethi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-inthanethi iwumthombo womhlaba wonke womphakathi ofinyeleleka kubo bonke.

Ukwenza Iwebhu Isebenzele Wena

Ukwenza iwebhu ikusebenzele kungaba mnandi futhi kube wusizo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza:

• Nika amandla izici ezintsha
• Sebenzisa izichazamazwi zolimi lwangaphandle
• Yenza ngokwezifiso ukubonakala okubonakalayo ngezindikimba
• Bonisa izithombe namavidiyo ngokushesha nangokushelela
• Qiniseka ukuthi isiphequluli sakho siyashesha futhi sinamandla
• Qiniseka ukuthi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Izindlela ezi-5 Zokuvikela Isipiliyoni sakho Sokuphequlula Iwebhu

Iziphequluli ze-Chrome

• Iziphequluli ze-Chrome zinikeza amazinga ahlukene okuvikela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzizwisa okuphephile ku-inthanethi.
• Hlola izici ezingakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile futhi uvikelekile ngenkathi uphequlula.

Amathiphu Obumfihlo Nokuphepha

• Gcina isiphequluli sakho sisesikhathini samanje ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwakamuva.
• Sebenzisa imodi yokuphequlula eyimfihlo uma ungafuni ukuthi kulandelelwe umlando wakho wokuphequlula.
• Sebenzisa isiphathi sephasiwedi ukuze udale futhi ugcine amaphasiwedi ayinkimbinkimbi.
• Nika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili ukuze uthole ukuphepha okwengeziwe.
• Sebenzisa i-ad blocker ukuze uvimbele ukuvela kwezikhangiso ezinonya.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, iziphequluli zewebhu zibalulekile ekuzuleni ku-inthanethi futhi kufanele zigcinwe zinolwazi lwakamuva ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubumfihlo bakho buvikelekile. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuzivikela ku-inthanethi, njengokusebenzisa i-VPN, izivimbeli zezikhangiso, kanye nesofthiwe ye-antivirus. Ngalawa mathuluzi, ungaphequlula iwebhu ngokungaziwa futhi uhlale uphephile kubasebenzisi abanonya. Ngakho-ke, zinike isikhathi sokuzijwayeza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zeziphequluli ezitholakalayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele ku-inthanethi.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.