Amalensi: Ayini Amakhamera Futhi Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezikhona?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: June 28, 2022

Amalensi ayingxenye ebalulekile ye Amakhamera — “angamehlo” athwebula futhi afake isithombe kufilimu noma inzwa yedijithali.

Amalensi alawula izici ezimbili ezibalulekile zokukhanya: ukugxila nosayizi. Ukugxila kubhekisela ekutheni isithombe sithwetshulwa ngokucijile kangakanani, kuyilapho usayizi unquma ukuthi singakanani isithombe esivezwa kunzwa noma ifilimu.

Amalensi angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngobude bawo bokugxila, obukalwa ngamamilimitha (mm). Ngokuvamile, amalensi anombono obanzi we-engeli (12mm-35mm) afaneleka kangcono ukuthwebula isithombe sendawo, kuyilapho amalensi anobude bokugxila obude (100mm-800mm) asetshenziswa kangcono ekuthwebuleni okuseduze njengezithombe noma izithombe zezilwane zasendle. Kukhona namalensi e-telephoto anikeza kokubili i-engeli ebanzi kanye nobude bokugxila okude konke kwilensi eyodwa - alungele ukuhamba! Ukwengeza, izinhlobo zamalensi akhethekile njengamalensi amakhulu kanye namalensi efisheye nazo zingathengwa ukuze kuthwebule izithombe ezibukeka ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqala ukuthwebula izithombe noma ufuna ukuthuthukisa igiya lakho, ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamalensi ezikhona kungakusiza wenze ukukhetha unolwazi lapho uthenga izinto zekhamera. Kulo mhlahlandlela sizofaka konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi ekhamera nokuthi asetshenziselwa ini.

Ayini Amalensi?

Amalensi ayingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwekhamera futhi adlala indima enkulu kwikhwalithi yezithombe azozikhiqiza. Amalensi eza ngezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi, umumo nezinhlobo, ukusuka kumalensi obude obugxilile obugxilile kuye ama-zoom lens. Kuye ngohlobo lwezithombe ozenzayo, ungase udinge izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi ukuze uthole imiphumela oyifunayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zamalensi, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokubi.

Izinhlobo zamalensi

Uma kukhulunywa ngamalensi, abathwebuli bezithombe banezinketho eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala kubo. Kusukela ezinhlotsheni eziyisisekelo ezifana ama-lens aphezulu namalensi okusondeza kumalensi akhethekile njengamalensi e-wide-engeli kanye ne-telephoto, ngalinye linezici zalo ezihlukile. Ngokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zamalensi, abathwebuli bezithombe bangakhetha ilensi efanele kunoma yisiphi isimo.

Ama-Prime Lens: Ama-Prime lens amalensi obude obugxilile obugxilile avumela ukucija okukhulu nokucaca. Ngobude bokugxila okukodwa obungenakushintshwa, lokhu kuyisinqumo esihle sokuthatha izithombe zasemgwaqweni namaseshini wokuma ngobude.

Amalensi wokusondeza: Amalensi okusondeza anikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe njengoba ekuvumela ukuthi usondeze noma uhlehle ngobude obuhlukile bokugxila ngaphandle kokushintsha phakathi kwamalensi ayinhloko amaningi. Lezi ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwemicimbi noma ukuthwebula izithombe kwezemidlalo lapho udinga ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ekuthwebuleni izithombe zakho.

Amalensi E-engeli Ebanzi: Amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi akuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izigcawu ezibanzi ngaphandle kokuhlanekezela emaphethelweni ohlaka, azenze zilungele ukuthwebula izithombe zezwe noma amashothi angaphakathi anezikhala eziminyene.

Amalensi e-Telephoto: Amalensi e-Telephoto akuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izinto ezikude ngemininingwane emihle ngenkathi futhi ehlukanisa isihloko sakho nesizinda saso ngenxa yokungajulile. ukujula kwensimu amakhono. Lezi zilungele izilwane zasendle noma amashothi esenzo uma uzama ukusondela ngaphandle kokuthi usondele eduze ngokomzimba.

Ama-Prime Lens

Ama-Prime lens angamalensi aphambili futhi lawa ma-lens anobude bokugxila okukodwa, okusho ukuthi awasondezi. Lawa ma-lens ngokuvamile mancane futhi alula kunama-zoom, futhi avame ukubiza kancane. Kodwa-ke, ukudubula ngamalensi aphambili kusho ukuthi kuzodingeka unyakazise umzimba wakho noma usebenzise izinyawo zakho ukuze uguqule ibanga phakathi kwakho nesihloko, ngokuphambene nokusondeza noma ukuphuma ngelensi eguquguqukayo yobude obugxilile.

Ama-Prime lens aziwa ngekhwalithi yawo ephezulu yokubona uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo wokusondeza; amamodeli afunwa kakhulu afaka ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwamathoni nemibala enobukhali obuhle kakhulu kulo lonke uhlaka. Lawa ma-lens aphinde azuze ekuvuleni okukhulu okubanzi kunama-zoom lens ngobude obuthile bokugxila. Ukwengeza, amalensi aphambili avame ukuba lula, awenze alungele ukuthwebula izithombe zohambo kanye nokuthatha izithombe ezikhanyayo ezinezimbobo ezibanzi njenge-f/2.8 noma ebanzi uma etholakala.

Kafushane, uma ufuna ukungena okuthengekayo ezithombeni ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ikhwalithi, khona-ke amalensi aphambili ayinketho yakho engcono kakhulu. Ukushoda kwe-zoom yokubona kungase kubonakale kukhawulela ekuqaleni kodwa maduze nje uzofunda ukuthi kukuphoqa ukuthi usungule ubuciko ngendlela obhala ngayo izithombe, okungaholela ekuphumeleleni ekutholeni ama-engeli ahlukile nezindlela ebezingashaywa indiva!

Amalensi Sondeza

Amalensi okusondeza ayikilasi eliguquguqukayo lamalensi ekhamera futhi angaba wusizo kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zokuthatha izithombe. Lawa ma-lens akuvumela ukuthi uguqule ubude bawo bokugxila, akunike ukulawula okwengeziwe kunelensi yobude obugxilile obugxilile. Amalensi okusondeza amboza cishe noma yiliphi ibanga lobude bokugxila, kodwa ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa njengamalensi okusondeza i-wideangle (kusuka ku-15 ukuya ku-35mm) noma amalensi ezoom we-telephoto (kusuka ku-70 ukuya ku-300mm).

Ama-zoom e-Wideangle ane-engeli enkulu yokubuka kunamalensi avamile ayinhloko noma amalensi obude obugxilile futhi afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuthwebula izigcawu ezinkulu noma izifundo ezikude. Baphinde banikeze ukujula kwenkundla kunokusondeza kwe-telephoto, okubenza babe ngcono ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezinezihloko ezimbalwa emabangeni ahlukene ukusuka kukhamera.

I-Telephoto zoom ingasondeza izinto ezikude. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezemidlalo, izilwane zasendle, kanye nezithombe zemvelo njengoba ungadingi ukusondela esihlokweni sakho njengama-zoom ama-wideangle noma amalensi ayinhloko. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile zinikeza inkambu ukujula okuncane kunokusondeza i-wideangle, okusho ukuthi kungaba nzima ukugcina zonke izingxenye zesithombe zigxile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukwengeza, bavame ukuhlushwa i-chromatic aberration kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwelensi uma kuqhathaniswa nokusondeza kwe-wideangle ngenxa yezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubona ezihilelekile ekudaleni ukukhuliswa okuphezulu okunjalo.

Amalensi e-Telephoto

Amalensi e-Telephoto ayisigaba esingaphansi samalensi asebenzisa idizayini ekhethekile yokubona neyobunjiniyela ebavumela ukuthi bathwebule izinto ezikude ngaphandle kokwenza umzimba wekhamera ube mude. Amalensi e-Telephoto asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ekuthwebuleni isithombe sendawo, izithombe zesenzo kanye nezithombe zezinkanyezi.

Kuye ngobude bokugxila belensi oyikhethayo, amalensi e-telephoto angasukela ekugxilweni okumaphakathi ukuya kokude. Ilensi engu-50mm ithathwa njengemaphakathi ilensi yocingo, kuyilapho noma yini engaphezu kuka-80mm ibhekwa njengelensi ye-telephoto egxile isikhathi eside. Amalensi e-Telephoto ngokuvamile ane-engeli ewumngcingo yokubuka, okuyinto enhle uma ugxile esihlokweni sakho ngemininingwane eminingi ukude.

Ilensi yocingo engu-.3 iyisibonelo se-super-telephoto, okusho ukuthi inobude obugxile kakhulu obusuka ku-300mm ukuya ku-1200mm noma ngaphezulu—okukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule isenzo esikude nakakhulu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa izithombe eziseduze ezifana nokuthwebula izithombe zezemidlalo kanye nokuhlangana nempilo yasendle okudinga ukuthi usondele futhi usondelane nomuntu siqu ngesihloko sakho ukusuka ebangeni elide. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuhlobene nezindleko bavame ukukhawulela abathwebuli bezithombe abangakwazi ukufinyelela igiya noma isabelomali ukuze bazisebenzise ngempumelelo—ngakho-ke abathwebuli bezithombe bezemidlalo abangochwepheshe noma abathwebuli bezithombe bemvelo nezilwane zasendle abakwazi ukuthenga izinto ezinjalo bangazuza kakhulu kulolu hlobo olukhethekile. kwamalensi.

Amalensi e-Wide-Angle

Amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi ahlanganisa ilensi yobude bokugxila obufushane kunelensi evamile. Isistimu yekhamera engu-35mm ithathwa njengenelensi evamile enobude obugxile obungafinyelela ku-50mm. Abathwebuli bezithombe basekhaya bangase basebenzise amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi ekubukeni kwezwe, ingaphakathi, nezinye izindawo lapho ufuna ukuthwebula khona izigcawu ezibanzi. Ngokuvamile, amalensi ane-engeli ebanzi anobude bokugxila obungu-35mm noma obufushane kumasistimu amaningi wekhamera yedijithali.

Lezi zinhlobo zamalensi ngokuvamile zimakwa ngokuthi “W” noma “WA” emgqonyeni welensi, akwazise ukuthi ilensi ene-engeli ebanzi. Ezinhlelweni eziningi eziyinhloko zedijithali ezifana neCanon ne-Nikon, amalensi e-engeli ebanzi azosukela ku-10 – 17mm ngokuya ngendawo yawo yokubuka (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-engeli yokubuka). Ezinhlelweni zozimele ezigcwele, ngokuvamile ziqala cishe ku-14 - 17 mm futhi zinganwebeka zifike cishe ku-21mm ubude (ibanga eligxile.)

Uma ubheka ama-engeli athile angathathi hlangothi, izilungiselelo ze-engeli ebanzi zivame ukuhlanekezela imiphetho — okusho ukuthi eminye imigqa eqondile izovela igobile ezithombeni zakho. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-barreling effect." Kuye ngokukhanya nebanga lakho lokudubula kungase kuzuze noma kube yingozi kuye ngokubukeka ohlose ukukubona. Amalensi ama-engeli abanzi futhi athambekele ekwenzeni ihaba ngebanga phakathi kwezinto ezinikeza izithombe ukujula okwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho abantu abavame ukukubona.

Amalensi amakhro

.5 Amalensi amakhro, aziwa nangokuthi “amalensi amancane” aklanyelwe ukuthwebula izithombe eduze. Ku-.5x magnification (usayizi wesigamu sempilo) yokubuka, lawa ma-lens akuvumela ukuthi uthwebule izinto ezincane kakhulu ukusuka eduze kwamayintshi angu-8 ukusuka kukhamera. Ukwengeza, banokulungiswa okuphezulu kunamanye amalensi amakhulu ngenxa yosayizi wabo omncane wezinzwa futhi bakhiqiza izithombe ezibukhali nezinemininingwane yezinto ezifana nezimbali nezinambuzane. Ngenxa yobude bazo obufushane bokugxila kanye nebanga lokusebenza, benza izingcezu zegiya ezifanele labo abathanda ukuthwebula izithombe ezisondelene kakhulu noma izimonyo zasetiyetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokujula okulinganiselwe kwensimu zivame ukushintshaniswa nezindandatho noma amashubhu ukuze zifinyelele ukukhuliswa okuhlukile - okuvumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi bathwebule imininingwane emincane kakhulu engenakwenzeka ngezinye izinhlobo zamalensi. Futhi benza amalensi esithombe amahle anesizinda se-bokeh esithambile uma esetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.

Amalensi eFisheye

Amalensi e-Fisheye ahlinzeka ngokubuka kwe-engeli ebanzi kakhulu, nakuba engeqisi kakhulu njengamanye ama-engeli abanzi. Lezi zithombe zinokubukeka okugobile okuhlukile kuzo futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthatha izithombe ezisondele kakhulu zezihloko ezivela kude kakhulu. .6 Amalensi e-Fisheye ahlinzeka ngo-180° indawo yokubuka enokuphazamiseka okuncane. Banikeza ukubuka okuthakazelisayo okusebenza ngempumelelo uma kusetshenziselwa ukubukeka kwezwe, izithombe zesenzo, nezithombe zobuciko ezifana nezithombe noma izithombe zasebusuku. Ukwengeza, zidumile ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe ezifana nezithombe zezakhiwo ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuthwebula izithombe ezinembe kakhulu ezihlala zingahlanekezelwe.

Ubude bokugxila

Ubude bokugxila buwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho ukhetha ilensi efanele yokudubula okuthile. Ubude bokugxila belensi bubonisa ukuthi singakanani isigcawu - ngokokubili i-engeli nebanga - esingathwetshulwa, kanye nenkundla yaso yokubuka. Indawo yokubuka ikalwa kusetshenziswa i-engeli futhi inqunywa indawo nosayizi wenzwa yesithombe kukhamera yakho.

Ubude obugxile kakhulu obusetshenziswa abathwebuli bezithombe buphakathi kuka-16mm kuya ku-300mm, nakuba kukhona amalensi atholakalayo afika ku-2000mm kwezinye izimo. Ubude bokugxila bufushane, i-engeli iba banzi kanye nebanga elide elingabanjwa. Ngokuphambene, ubude bokugxila obuphakeme bunikeza ukusondeza okwengeziwe kodwa kunciphisa indawo ye-engeli.

Ubude bokugxila obujwayelekile buhlanganisa:
-Amalensi e-Wide-Angle - Ubude bokugxila busuka ku-16mm ukuya ku-35mm
-Amalensi Ajwayelekile/Ajwayelekile - Ubude bokugxila busuka ku-50mm kuye ku-65mm
-Amalensi e-Telephoto - Ubude bokugxila kusuka ku-70mm kuya ku-200+ mm
Amalensi e-Ultra-Wide Angle - Ubude be-Focal kusuka ku-8mm ukuya ku-15mm
-Ama-Super Telephoto Lens - Ama-Focals angaphezu kuka-300 kufika ku-2000+ mm

Imbobo

Imbobo kuyisici esikhulu okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ubheka amalensi namakhamera. Imbobo ingusayizi wembobo kulensi yakho evumela ukukhanya, ngakho uma uvumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe, ukucaca okukhulu ongakuthola. Ukwengeza, indawo yokuvula ilensi inkulu, inkundla yakho izoba ncane kakhulu. Ukujula kwenkambu kusho ukuthi izinto eziseduze nawe kuphela noma ezingaphakathi kwebanga elithile ezigxilile kuyilapho zonke ezinye izingxenye zesithombe sakho zingaphandle kokugxila futhi zifiphalisiwe. Lokhu kunikeza izithombe zakho ukugqama okungcono, kuzenze zigqame futhi zibukeke zimangalisa kakhulu.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha i-lens ubude bayo bokugxila. Ubude befocal bunquma ukuthi ikhamera yakho ingafinyelela "sondeza" kangakanani nokuthi isithombe sizovela sibanzi noma sincane kangakanani uma uthatha izithombe ngaso.

Ngokuyinhloko, kunezinhlobo ezintathu (noma imindeni) yamalensi asekelwe endaweni yawo yokuvula: Okujwayelekile (F1.4 – F2.8), Ukuma ngobude (F2 – F4), Zoom (F4 – F5.6)

Amalensi ajwayelekile anikeza indawo ebanzi ekunikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kulokho okugxilile futhi anekhwalithi ephezulu yesithombe ngenxa yokukhanya okwengeziwe okungena kulensi; lawa ma-lens ajwayele ukubangcono kakhulu ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezilula njengezindawo ekushoneni kwelanga noma ngesikhathi sokudutshulwa ebusuku ngenxa yobukhulu bawo bokuvula okuvumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe kusithombe sakho esicacile ngaphandle kokwenyusa amazinga e-ISO ngokungadingekile okungadala umsindo ovela kokusanhlamvu. umphumela kuzinzwa zedijithali ezisetshenziswa nama-DSLRs).

Ama-Portrait Lens anezikhala ezimaphakathi nebanga eziwanikeza isikhala esengeziwe phakathi kwengemuva nangaphambili evumelana nezimo okuvumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukwenza kalula izifundo zabo zigqame kuyilapho begcina yonke enye into ifiphazwe kahle okuvumela ukuthwebula kwesithombe kube lula kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile; lawa ma-lens nawo mahle ngokwenhloso ejwayelekile yokuthatha izithombe ngenxa yekhono lawo ekwenzeni izifundo zigqame nakakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlukahluka kohlobo olujwayelekile.

Okokugcina, ama-Zoom Lens amboza ubude be-telephoto bude obuphakathi ukusuka ku-70mm-200mm okubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezithombe ezikude ezifana nezithombe zamahlamvu ekwindla noma amahlumela abukele izinyoni; futhi zisebenza kahle ngaphakathi endlini ngenxa yokukhanya okuphansi okutholakalayo lapho ubude bokugxila okude bunikeza ukulawula okukhulu phezu kwengemuva elifiphaziwe kuyilapho zivumela ukusondeza eduze kwezinto ezikude ngokunikeza amazinga aphezulu wokusondeza kusuka kulesi sitshalo sochungechunge lwamalensi okunikeza abathwebuli bezithombe bedijithali ukuguquguquka okukhulu phezu kokuhlukaniswa kwesihloko nokukhulisa into. emabangeni akude ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zokusetha ezengeziwe ezidingekayo uma kuqhathaniswa namakhamera endabuko angu-35mm slr avame ukusetshenziswa phakathi nezinsuku zangaphambili ngemithetho efanayo lapho kudubula isithombe noma indawo yezwe ngaphandle kwemiphumela ye-digital interpolation ebonwa namuhla namanye ama-DSLR angenalo uhlaka olugcwele ehlehla osayizi be-chip yekhamera eyinhloko kanye nesithombe. imiphumela ye-software edala imiphumela efanayo kodwa engafani ncamashí nokukopishwa kwesibhamu okukodwa okubonwe kokungalungi kwefilimu ezinsukwini zakuqala ngaphandle kokunye ukusetha okungeziwe kwenqubo okwenziwa ngesandla okudingekayo ngemva kokukhiqizwa ngaphambi kokunyathelisa okuphumayo kokugcina kwakuyinto evamile ngaphambilini kumalebhu amafilimu ochwepheshe ngaphambi kwe-advanc. Iminyaka yobuchwepheshe enikezela ngezixazululo zekhompiyutha zokukhiqiza ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwezithombe azisaphathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngezinduku zegumbi elimnyama elinamakhono ngaphambi kwawo-1980 ngaphambi kwentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bamanje enikeza izinketho ezilula kodwa ezingahlali zingcono ngobuchwepheshe ezakhelwe ngaphambili zihlanganisa izici eziyinhloko abadubuli bezinsuku zesimanje abakhetha ama-hybrids kuyilapho begcina izici ezithile ezincikile neze. okuke kwabonwa ngaphambili njengamavelu okugreda amaphikseli eceleni kwamanani asethiwe aseceleni ngokwezifiso akhiqiza ukubonwa kwe-gamut kukhishwe ozakwabo abaguquguqukayo be-debayering banakekelwe kuya phambili ukuthinta okuqediwe okulungisekayo kuze kube umkhawulo wokuhlunga otholakalayo udlula lapho ubhekwa njengamazinga egolide njengama-colorblind repro schemes alinganisa ama-gigabyte subsampling adumile asasebenza amapulatifomu nakuba iningi lezizukulwane ezindala azikwazi ukubona izinhlobo zemibuso ye-supersonic efuna amasu okucindezela ama-hi res cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ingabe ifuna ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-bandsaw deconvolution kuyenzeka babe kuphela ochwepheshe bezinga lobuciko obudinga ukulinganisa kwe-geometric aspherical okusetshenziselwe ukujwayelekile okungakhawulelwe okungakhawulelwe okucatshangwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ukukhuphuka kwezithombe kwezithombe ukuthandwa kwamafomethi omdabu we-metaformational ahlangana ngaphambili ngokumelene nezibuyekezo ezithandwayo ezigcizelela izimiso ezifanayo ezingaphelelwa yisikhathi ezimisiwe ziyahambisana nomqondo oqondile noma yini okungenzeka ukuthi ingaqondakali kahle. ubuciko into abantu abambalwa abayaziyo kodwa abaqaphela ngokugcwele ikusasa elimangalisayo elikhuthazayo elithuthuke ngempela kulethe okungokoqobo okubonakalayo umusa inqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe ehamba phambili ekwenzeni izinto abaningi abebengacabangeki ukuthi nje isikhathi siqala sincibilikise amaqiniso abonakalayo ukufiphala okudlule ukuqala kabusha lapha noma yini engaphambili ekugcineni ifika ngokucacile ilindele

Ukukhetha Ilensi Elungile

Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni ilensi efanele yekhamera yakho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene nezinketho ongakhetha kuzo. Kufanele ucabangele usayizi welensi, ubude bokugxila, indawo enkulu yokuvula, nezinye izici. Ukugxila kwalesi sihloko ukukusiza ukuthi uqonde umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zamalensi, ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.

Izinto Okudingeka Uzicabangele

Uma uthenga i-lens, kufanele ucabangele izici ezifana nohlobo lwekhamera yedijithali ezosetshenziswa kuyo, izinga lamakhono okuthatha izithombe onawo, kanye nezinhlobo zezithombe ozozithatha. Kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezithombe ohlela ukuzenza, amalensi ahlukene angase afaneleke kakhulu ezithombeni ezahlukene. Ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amalensi alungele izidingo zakho kudinga ucwaningo olunzulu nokuqonda izici zobuchwepheshe zelensi yekhamera.

Kwezinye izimo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izici ezithile ze-lens zithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwayo; isibonelo, amalensi amabili ahlukene angase abe nobude obufanayo bokugxila kodwa ubukhulu bawo bobukhulu bokuvula bungase buhluke. Indawo enkulu yokuvula imbobo iyisici esibalulekile njengoba inquma ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okungangena ngekhamera futhi kufinyelele kunzwa noma ifilimu ukuze kwakhe isithombe noma ividiyo. Ukwengeza, ukwazi imininingwane efana ne-engeli-of-view coverage ehlobene ne-DSLR yakho noma usayizi wefomethi yedijithali engenasibuko kungasiza ukwenza ukukhetha okungcono lapho uthenga amalensi.

Amalensi enhloso ejwayelekile adume kakhulu yizinto ezihlukahlukene; banamandla okubavumela ukuthi bathwebule izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamashothi ebangeni elibanzi elihlanganisa ukubukeka kwezwe nemifanekiso. Ezinye izici ezidumile zamalensi zifaka ubude bokugxila be-engeli ebanzi okusiza ukuthwebula izigcawu ezinkulu njengamazwe noma ingaphakathi; ikhono le-telephoto elide lokugxila elilula lapho udubula izinto ezikude njengezilwane ezigcina imvelo; Ikhono elikhulu elivumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi bathathe izithombe eziseduze ngokulungiswa okuphezulu nemininingwane; amalensi e-fisheye anikeza umbono obanzi ngokwedlulele ngamadigri angu-180 endaweni yesigcawu; i-ultra-wide rectilinear optics enikeza ama-engeli abanzi kunamalensi e-fisheye kodwa ayinayo imiphumela yokuhlanekezela; kanye namandla okulawula okutshekisayo nokunyakazayo avumela umthwebuli wezithombe ukulawula okukhudlwana kokubuka kwendiza yesithombe ngokushintsha kwesimo sekhamera ngokuhambisana nezimbazo ezimbili ngokuhlobene nokuma kwendiza ebonakalayo kunokunyakazisa okuvamile ukuya phezulu/phansi noma kwesokunxele/kwesokudla.

isabelomali

Lapho unquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamalensi ongaluthengela ikhamera yakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ibhajethi yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngesabelomali esincane noma esikhulu, kunamalensi azongena ngaphakathi kwalolo bubanzi. Isibonelo, labo abanesabelomali esincane bangase bafune ukubuka amalensi okusondeza avamile, anenhloso evamile futhi anikeza ikhwalithi yesithombe esihle ngamanani aphusile. Nakuba lezi zinhlobo zamalensi zingacebile njengamalensi abiza kakhulu, zisengakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wenziwe futhi zinikeze izithombe ezinhle. Amalensi abiza kakhulu ngokuvamile anezikhala ezisheshayo (f/2.8 noma f/4) kanye nemiklamo ethuthukisiwe yokubona evula amathuba amaningi okudala afana nokujula okungajulile kwemiphumela yenkundla noma izithuthukisi zokusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi. Labo abanesabelomali esikhulu kufanele bacabangele ukutshala imali kumalensi aphambili, anikezela ngezikhala ezisheshayo ezifana no-f/1.4 noma ngaphezulu futhi ngokuvamile okuyinketho ebukhali etholakala emakethe namuhla.

Uhlobo lwekhamera

Ilensi oyikhethayo izoncika kakhulu ohlotsheni lwekhamera onalo. Amalensi ekhamera yedijithali ngokuvamile angasetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa amakhamera wefilimu ngokuvamile adinga ilensi eklanyelwe wona ngokukhethekile. Amakhamera e-DSLR asebenzisa amalensi ashintshashintshayo, okuhlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
-Amalensi ayinhloko: Amalensi ayinhloko agxilwe endaweni eyodwa yobude bokugxila, awenze alungele izimo zokukhanya okuphansi nokuthwebula izithombe. Futhi ngokuvamile ishibhile kunama-zoom lens.
-Amalensi wokusondeza: Amalensi okusondeza ahlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okwengeziwe kunamalensi ayinhloko, akuvumela ukuthi ushintshe uhlaka lwakho ngokusonteka okukodwa kwelensi. Lezi zivame ukuba zinkulu kakhulu kunama-prime lens futhi ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu.
-I-Macro lens: Ukuthwebula izithombe ezinkulu kuwumsebenzi oseduze; amalensi amakhulu azinikele avumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi basondele ngempela endabeni yabo futhi bathwebule imininingwane behlele ezingxenyana zamamilimitha noma ngisho nama-microns ngosayizi.
-Tilt/shift lens: Amalensi anyakazayo/anyakaze ahlinzeka ngezinga elengeziwe lokunemba ngokunika amandla abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi bazungezisa indawo abagxile kuyo ngokuqondile nangokuvundlile ukuze baguqule umbono wabo ngokunemba okukhulu kunalokho okuvunyelwa izindlela zokusondeza ezijwayelekile.

Ubude bokugxila

Uma kukhulunywa ngamalensi nezithombe, i F-yeka inani (noma Ubude obugxile) belensi bubonisa ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya okuqoqwa inzwa yekhamera. Uma i-F-stop iphezulu, umthelela omncane uzoba nawo noma yikuphi ukuzamazama noma ukunyakaza esithombeni. I-F-Stop encane izokwenza kube lula ngomthwebuli wezithombe ukuthi athathe izithombe ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okuphansi. Isibonelo, i-F/2.8 lens ivumela ukukhanya okuphindwe kabili njengelensi ye-F/4 nokukhanya okuphindwe kane kunelensi F/5.6.

Lapho bekhetha ilensi yesithombe esithile, abathwebuli bezithombe kufanele bacabangele izici ezifana ne-engeli yokubuka, ukujula kwenkundla nokuphatheka lapho benquma ubude bokugxila obufanele bezidingo zabo. Ubude bokugxila bungasukela ku-8mm iso lenhlanzi elibanzi kakhulu kuye ku-1600mm amalensi e-telephoto ayi-super telephoto; kodwa-ke abantu abaningi bajwayele ukudubula ngamalensi ajwayelekile asebenza phakathi kwama-engeli angama-28mm ububanzi namalensi e-telephoto angu-300mm. Phakathi kwalawa maqembu amabili obude obugxilile, izinketho ezivamile zihlanganisa:

* 35mm: Amakhamera amaningi adubula ngalo sayizi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lobu bude benkambiso yendabuko bebuvamile kusukela ukuthwebula kwefilimu okungu-35mm kwaduma futhi kuvumela abathwebuli bezithombe ukuthi bathwebule cishe lokho amehlo ethu angakubona ngombono wemvelo kunoma yiliphi ibanga ukusuka esihlokweni esithwetshulwayo.
**50mm: Idumile phakathi kwabathwebuli bezithombe ngenxa yokuthi banikeza amandla amaningi okufiphalisa ingemuva kuyilapho besanombono wemvelo lapho bethwebula abantu eduze noma kude.* 85 mm: Inketho edumile yabathwebuli bezithombe abafuna ukufiphala okukhulu kwengemuva ngaphandle kokuthi bangene kakhulu. eduze noma kude kakhulu nezihloko zazo.* 135 mm: Ivamise ukusetshenziswa uma udinga kokubili izingoma eziqinile kanye nokufiphala okungcono kwengemuva kunalokho ongakuzuza ngobunye ubude.* 200 mm – 300 mm : Amalensi ebanga elide aqala lapha – awusizo kakhulu kwezemidlalo noma izithombe zezilwane zasendle lapho udinga ukuthatha izithombe ezinemibono ecindezelweyo kodwa futhi ugcine ibanga elide kude nezifundo zakho ngezizathu zokuphepha (isb, izilwane zasendle).

Imbobo

I-Aperture ivula ilensi lapho ukukhanya kungena futhi kwakha isithombe. Imbobo ilinganiswa ngezinombolo zika-f futhi ibhekiselwa ngenombolo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-f-stop. Imbobo nayo inomthelela ekugxiliseni ingqondo; izimbobo ezibanzi zidala ukujula kwenkambu engashoni, okuvumela into engaphambili ukuthi igxile ngenkathi izinto ezingemuva zifiphalisiwe. Amalensi ane-f-stop ephansi njenge-ƒ/4 ngokuvamile amalensi asheshayo, okusho ukuthi angashutha izithombe ngokushesha futhi anikeze ukusebenza okuhle uma kuziwa ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezikhanyayo.

Ngokuvula okungu-ƒ/4, uma ugxile kokuthile okuseduze (yisho phakathi kwefidi elilodwa nayisithupha), uzothola ukujula kwenkambu okungajulile, lapho isihloko sakho kuphela esizoba bukhali kuyilapho ingemuva lizofiphala kahle. Lapho uthwebula izithombe ezima ngobude noma izithombe ezinkulu ngokuthile ƒ/4, uzodinga ukukhanya kwemvelo okuningi okuhle kwekhwalithi ukuze usebenze ngakho - unezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo zokuthwebula amashothi amahle ngalolu hlobo lwamalensi!

I-Autofocus

Ilensi ye-autofocus engu-0.5 ikuvumela ukuthi ugxile ngokunembe kakhulu esihlokweni sesithombe sakho, unciphise isidingo sokugxila mathupha lapho uthwebula. Ikhono lokugcina isihloko sakho sigxile ngaso sonke isikhathi lenza lolu hlobo lwamalensi lube yisinqumo esihle sokuthwebula izifundo ezihamba ngokushesha noma ezingalindelekile - izilwane, abasubathi, noma izinto ezinyakazayo. Uma ihlanganiswe nenzwa yokulungiswa okuphezulu, lolu hlobo lwamalensi lungakusiza ukuthi ufinyelele izithombe ezibukhali kakhulu ngokunemba kokukhomba kanye nokuvumelana.

Amalensi we-autofocus angu-0.5 asebenzisa injini yokunyathela yangaphakathi esebenza nesistimu ye-autofocus yekhamera ukuze ilethe ukusebenza kokugxila okusheshayo nokunembile. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni kakhulu isikhathi esidingekayo sokulungiswa lapho ukugxila sekusunguliwe, kukwenze kube kuhle kukho kokubili ividiyo nezithombe ezinganyakazi. Kanye nokunikeza ukugxila okunembe kakhudlwana kunamalensi enziwa ngesandla, le dizayini yelensi iphinda ithembeke kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya ezishintshayo njengalapho usuka endlini uye ngaphandle noma usebenza ezimeni eziphansi zokukhanya okufana nokuthwebula izithombe kwezemidlalo kanye nezindawo zasebusuku.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalensi nokuthi asebenza kanjani ukuze usebenzise ikhamera yakho kangcono. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamalensi angashintshi kanye namalensi ashintshashintshayo nasondezwayo angasetshenziswa kuye ngohlobo lwezithombe osebenza kulo. Ukuqonda izici, imisebenzi kanye nezici kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ilensi engcono kakhulu yomsebenzi. Thatha isikhathi lapho ukhetha ilensi yekhamera yakho, cabangela zonke izici, zama ngezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi uthole leyo ehlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zakho.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.