I-SDI: Iyini i-Serial Digital Interface?

ngo kim Kubuyekezwe: July 9, 2022

Serial digital i-interface (SDI) ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezokusakaza ukuze kudluliselwe idijithali engacindezelwanga ividiyo izimpawu.

I-SDI iyakwazi ukuthwala idatha efika ku-3Gbps kuyilapho igcina ukubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu nokwethembeka okuphezulu.

Imvamisa ingumgogodla wengqalasizinda eminingi yokusakaza, evumela amasiginali womsindo nevidiyo ochwepheshe ukuthi athwalwe amabanga amade nge-latency encane kanye nokulahleka kwekhwalithi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izisekelo ze-SDI kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yokusakaza.

Incazelo ye-Serial Digital Interface (SDI)

I-Serial Digital Interface (SDI) iwuhlobo lwesixhumi esibonakalayo sedijithali esisetshenziselwa ukuthwala amasignali evidiyo yedijithali nomsindo.

I-SDI inika amandla ukudluliswa kwamasiginali wevidiyo yedijithali angacindezelwanga, angabetheliwe emabangeni amade esitudiyo noma ezindaweni zokusakaza.

Yakhiwe yi-Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers (SMPTE) ukuze ibe indawo yevidiyo eyinhlanganisela ye-analog kanye nenye ingxenye yevidiyo.

I-SDI isebenzisa uxhumo lwephoyinti nephoyinti phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili, ngokuvamile anentambo ye-coaxial noma ipheya ye-fiber optic, ngokulungiswa okujwayelekile noma okuphakeme.

Uma kuxhunywe amadivaysi amabili anekhono e-SDI, ihlinzeka ngokudluliswa okuhlanzekile kumabanga amade ngaphandle kwama-artifacts okucindezelayo noma ukulahleka kwedatha.

Lokhu kwenza i-SDI ifaneleke ngokugcwele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokusakaza bukhoma, lapho ikhwalithi yesithombe idinga ukuhlala ingaguquguquki isikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-SDI zihlanganisa ikhono layo lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhebula kanye nezindleko zemishini, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemishini yabakhiqizi abaningi, ukusekelwa kokuxazulula okuphezulu kunevidiyo eyinhlanganisela kanye nokulinganisa okuthuthukisiwe lapho kwakhiwa amasistimu amakhulu.

I-Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) isekelwe kumazinga afanayo ne-Serial Digital Interface futhi isanda kuthuthukisa izicaciso zayo ukuze inikeze ukuhambisana ne-High Definition Television (i-HDTV) eya ngokuya iduma.

Uhlolojikelele

I-serial digital interface (SDI) iwuhlobo lwezinga levidiyo yedijithali elisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ividiyo yedijithali engacindezelwanga, engabethelwe kanye nomsindo phezu kwesixhumi esibonakalayo esiphakathi kwamadivaysi amabili.

Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinzuzo ezifana nesivinini esikhulu, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, nezindleko eziphansi. Le ndatshana ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngesifinyezo sezinga le-SDI kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo.

Izinhlobo ze-SDI

I-Serial Digital Interface (i-SDI) ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ku-interface yokusakaza okuphrofeshinali obungathumela isignali yedijithali ngendlela yeserial ngekhebula elikhoaxial.

Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha idatha yomsindo nevidiyo enencazelo ephezulu isuka kudivayisi eyodwa iye kwenye noma isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye endaweni.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane mayelana nezinhlobo ze-SDI kanye nokucaciswa kwazo.

I-SDI ifaka phakathi amazinga amaningi ezilinganiso zedatha ahlukahlukene nokubambezeleka, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza. La mazinga afaka:

• 175Mb/s SD-SDI: Indinganiso yesixhumanisi esisodwa sokusebenza namafomethi afika ku-525i60 NTSC noma 625i50 PAL, kumafrikhwensi omsindo angu-48kHz
• 270Mb/s HD-SDI: Isixhumanisi esisodwa HD izinga ku-480i60, 576i50, 720p50/59.94/60Hz kanye no-1080i50/59.94/60Hz
• 1.483Gbps 3G-SDI: Izinga elikabili lesixhumanisi sokusebenza elinamafomethi afika ku-1080p30Hz kumafrikhwensi omsindo angu-48 kHz
• I-2G (noma i-2.970Gbps): Izinga elikabili lesixhumanisi sokusebenza elinamafomethi afika ku-720p50/60Hz 1080psf30 kumafrikhwensi omsindo angu-48 kHz
• I-3 Gb (3Gb) noma i-4K (4K Ultra High Definition): Isixhumanisi se-Quad 4K isixhumi esibonakalayo esinikeza amasignali afika ku-4096 × 2160 @ 60 ozimele ngomzuzwana kanye nomsindo oshumekiwe wesiteshi esingu-16 48kHz
• I-12 Gbps 12G SDI: Isekela ukulungiswa kusuka ku-quad full HD(3840×2160) kufika kumafomethi angu-8K (7680×4320) kanye nezinqumo ezixubile zezithombe kukhebula efanayo kukho kokubili isixhumanisi esisodwa kanye nezindlela ezimbili* zokuxhuma

Izinzuzo ze-SDI

I-serial digital interface (SDI) iwuhlobo lokudluliswa kwesiginali yedijithali esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukusakaza nasezindaweni zangemuva kokukhiqiza.

I-SDI iwukuxhumana okuphathekayo okunentambo eqinile okungadingi umbhalo wekhodi okwengeziwe noma ukuqoshwa futhi isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa ukusakazwa kwevidiyo enomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ngokusebenzisa izintambo ezifana nezintambo ze-BNC coaxial, izintambo ze-fiber optical, namapheya asontekile.

I-SDI inezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziyenza ibe ukukhetha okudumile kochwepheshe bokusakaza. Inikeza ukudluliswa kwe-latency okuphansi nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi wevidiyo.

I-SDI futhi isekela iziteshi ezifika kweziyi-8 ku-3Gbps, okuvumela ukucaca kwesithombe esisezingeni eliphezulu kumasignali amaningi.

Ukwengeza, i-SDI isekela isici se-High-Definition (HD) esingu-16:9 futhi inika amandla amasampula e-chroma angu-4:2:2 ukuze kugcinwe imininingwane yombala we-HD ephezulu kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SDI ingasatshalaliswa kalula ngamanethiwekhi akhona ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha izintambo noma ukuthuthukiswa okumba eqolo noma izinhlobo zokufaka okwenza kubize kakhulu.

Okokugcina, i-SDI inikeza ukuxhumana okuphephile ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwephasiwedi lapho ixhuma imithombo kubamukeli isusa izinsongo ezingaba khona ezivela ezinkampanini zangaphandle phakathi nokudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwezindawo ezikude ezingenamuntu.

Ukungalungi kwe-SDI

Ngenkathi inikezela ngoxhumano lwevidiyo nomsindo lwekhwalithi ephezulu, kukhona ukonakala okumbalwa kwalabo abacabangela i-SDI lapho behlola izimfuneko zesistimu ye-AV.

Okokuqala, izintambo ezisetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali e-SDI zingabiza ngokuhlobene nezinye izinhlelo noma izinketho zekhebula levidiyo njenge-HDMI/DVI.

Eminye imikhawulo ihlanganisa ukuntula ukusekelwa phakathi kwemikhiqizo yabathengi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yentengo ephezulu yezinto zokusebenza ezithobelayo.

Ukwengeza, njengoba ukuxhumeka kwe-SDI kuyizixhumi ze-BNC nezintambo zefayibha, iziguquli ze-adaptha ziyadingeka uma uxhumano lwe-HDMI noma lwe-DVI ludingeka.

Okunye okubi ukuthi okokusebenza kwe-SDI akuqondakali kangako kunezinhlelo zebanga lomthengi ezinikeza amandla okufaka idijithali.

Njengoba amasignali e-SDI equkethe ulwazi lomsindo nevidiyo olungacindezelwanga, lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwesignali kufanele kwenziwe ngezilawuli ezizinikezele zebhodi; ngakho-ke ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa kube nzima kakhulu kunezinye izinhlelo zebanga lochwepheshe.

Ukusetshenziswa kosayizi abakhulu abayinhloko kukhebula yokubona nakho kuyenza ibe nzima kakhulu kunozakwabo bezinga lomthengi ngaphezu kokunikeza imikhawulo eyengeziwe yebanga uma kuqhathaniswa namasignali e-analogue - i-SDI isebenza kangcono kakhulu ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-500m-3000m nokulahlekelwa okwenzeka ngale kwalolu bubanzi.

Izicelo

I-serial digital interface (SDI) ubuchwepheshe obuklanyelwe ukusakaza umsindo nevidiyo ngokwethembeka okuphezulu ebangeni elide.

Isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-studio kamabonakude, izindawo zokuhlela, kanye namaveni okusakaza angaphandle futhi ingadlulisela amasiginali wevidiyo yedijithali engacindezelwe ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu.

Lesi sigaba sizoxoxa ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwe-SDI nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani embonini yokusakaza.

Yokusakaza

I-serial digital interface (SDI) ubuchwepheshe obudumile obusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bokusakaza kokubili ividiyo ye-baseband nezimpawu zomsindo.

Isekelwa abakhiqizi abaningi, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okulula kanye nokuthutha isignali ephumelelayo.

I-SDI yathuthukiswa ukuze ibhekane nezidingo zemboni yokusakaza, ivumela i-HDTV ukusakazwa ngamakhebula angama-coaxial kunezintambo ezibizayo ze-fiber optic.

I-SDI ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zestudiyo zikamabonakude ezikude lapho ukuchazwa okujwayelekile kwe-PAL/NTSC noma amasiginali we-high-definition 1080i/720p adinga ukuthunyelwa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela ukudluliswa kwezintambo ezijwayelekile ze-coaxial phakathi kwezitudiyo eziqhelelene ngamamayela futhi kwenza abasakazi banciphise izindleko ngokugwema ukufakwa kwezintambo ze-fiber ezibizayo.

Ukwengeza, i-SDI ingasekela amafomethi amaningi kanye nokushumeka komsindo okudinga uxhumano lwekhebula olulodwa phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili.

Intuthuko yakamuva ibone i-SDI inwetshwa ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa ekusakazeni emcabangweni wezokwelapha, i-endoscopy kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zevidiyo ezichwepheshile ezindaweni ezifana nokukhiqiza, ukukhiqiza kanye nokusakaza ngaphandle (OB).

Ngokucutshungulwa kwangaphakathi kwesithombe kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-10-bit 6 iyaqhubeka nokubonakala njengethuluzi eliguquguqukayo lokuhumusha ulwazi oludingwa abasakazi emhlabeni wonke futhi namandla e-3Gbps atholakalayo manje futhi iyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokudlulisa amasiginali we-HDTV angacindezelwanga kumaphrojekthi wokuthengisa njengoba kahle.

Ukufanekisa Ngokwelashwa

I-SDI iyingxenye ebalulekile yezithombe zezokwelapha, ezibandakanya ukunyakaza kwe-electronic kwezithombe ezibonakalayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bezithombe zezokwelapha busetshenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo, ukuhlaziya izakhiwo zomzimba nezitho, kanye nokuqapha inqubekelaphambili yezokwelapha.

I-SDI isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yezokwelapha ebucayi idlula umugqa ovikelekile ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngaphandle kokwehliswa kwekhwalithi noma konakaliswe izinsongo ze-elekthronikhi ezingagunyaziwe.

Amasistimu amaningi wokucabanga wezokwelapha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-SDI ngoba inikeza izindlela ezithembekile zokudlulisa kokubili izithombe zedijithali neze-analog.

Ukusetshenziswa kwentambo ye-SDI kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudluliswa kwesithombe kusuka emshinini wokuxilonga kuya ekubukeni okuseceleni kombhede wesiguli noma ngokuqondile ehhovisi likadokotela ukuze kubuyekezwe.

Lawa makhebuli futhi ahlinzeka ngenzuzo yokwabelana ngedatha yesiguli phakathi kwezindawo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa nokubambezeleka okuncane ngesikhathi sokudlulisela noma ingozi yenkohlakalo yedatha.

Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-SDI emfanekisweni wezokwelapha zihlanganisa imishini ye-digital mammography, izikena ze-CT zesifuba, izikena ze-MRI, nemishini ye-ultrasound phakathi kwezinye.

Isistimu ngayinye idinga ukucaciswa okuhlukile kanye namazinga emigqa ekusetheni kwawo kodwa konke kuyadingeka ukuze kudluliselwe izithombe zedijithali ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu ezinokonakala okuncane emabangeni amade ngesivinini esingaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka ngezintambo ezivamile ezifana nezintambo zikagesi ezinama-coaxial.

Industrial

Esimeni sezimboni, i-Serial Digital Interface (SDI) iwubuchwepheshe obuvamile obusetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasiginali wedijithali angacindezelwe womsindo/wevidiyo ngekhebula eliqinile, izintambo ze-fiber optic, noma izintambo ezisontekile.

Ilungele ukuthwebula nokudlala amasiginali encazelo ephezulu ngesikhathi sangempela ngokubambezeleka okuphansi. Ukuxhumana kwe-SDI kuvame ukuncanyelwa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, ukumbozwa kwemicimbi, amakhonsathi omculo nemikhosi.

I-SDI ifaka ukulinganisa ukusuka kumafomethi wevidiyo anomkhawulokudonsa ophansi njenge-Standard Definition (SD) kuya kumafomethi wevidiyo anomkhawulokudonsa ophezulu njenge-HD kanye ne-UltraHD 4K izinqumo zevidiyo.

Ukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene zokukhanya (i-luma) kanye ne-chrominance (i-chroma) kuvumela ikhwalithi engcono kanye nokunemba kombala.

I-SDI futhi isekela umsindo oshumekiwe ofinyelela eziteshini ezingu-48kHz/8 ngefomethi ye-MPEG2 kanye nokudluliswa kolwazi lwekhodi yesikhathi njenge-D-VITC noma i-LTC edijithali.

Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, i-Serial Digital Interface isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokusakaza zikamabonakude lapho ukwethembeka kubalulekile.

Ithumela idatha engacindezelwanga ngamanani asukela ku-270 Mb/s kuya ku-3 Gb/s okwenza abasakazi bakwazi ukuqapha futhi bamba ama-engeli amaningi wekhamera ngesikhathi sangempela ngenkathi uthumela izithombe ze-HDTV ngaphandle kwezinto zobuciko noma i-pixelization.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zokusakaza ezifana nokushaya amaphuzu bukhoma noma ukusakazwa kwezemidlalo, amandla ebanga anwetshiwe e-SDI anika amandla ukudluliswa kokuqukethwe kokubukwa okuningi ezindaweni ezinkulu ezingaphandle lapho kungase kudingeke khona ukugijima kwekhebula elide.

Isiphetho

I-serial digital interface (SDI) iyindinganiso yevidiyo esakazwayo eyenzelwe ukusebenza ezindaweni ezidingeka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho inani elikhulu ledatha kufanele lidluliselwe ebangeni elide.

I-interface isiza ochwepheshe bokusakaza ukuthi bathole, badlulise, futhi bagcine idatha yevidiyo nomsindo ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Izixhumi ze-SDI zingadlulisela kokubili amasiginali edijithali ye-analog nengacindezelwanga, kuzenze zibe ithuluzi eliyigugu lonjiniyela bokusakaza.

Uma iphezulu inombolo yenguqulo ye-SDI, izinga eliphezulu lokudluliswa kwedatha liphezulu.

Isibonelo, i-4K single-link 12G SDI isekela isivinini esifika kumagigabhithi angu-12 ngomzuzwana kuyilapho uxhumano lwe-1080p olulodwa lwe-3G SDI lusekela amagigabhithi angu-3 ngomzuzwana.

Ukwazi izidingo zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume ngesixhumi esilungile se-SDI sokusetha kwakho.

Sekukonke, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa okudijithali kwe-serial buye bashintsha ukusakazwa bukhoma okuphrofeshinali ngokuhlinzeka ngokulethwa kwamasignali okuthembekile kumabanga amade ngamanani okudlulisela ashesha kakhulu.

Ukusetha nokusebenza kwayo kulula kuyenza isebenziseke kakhulu ngenkathi ukusebenzisa kwayo izinto ezihlukahlukene kuyivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezitudiyo zikamabonakude, izinkundla zemidlalo, izinkonzo zokukhulekela nanoma yikuphi okunye ukufakwa okudinga ukusakazwa kokuqukethwe okuphezulu okulethwa ngombani. isivinini esingenakho ukubambezeleka noma ukulahleka kwesignali.

Sawubona, nginguKim, umama kanye nomshisekeli we-stop-motion onesizinda ekudalweni kwemidiya nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu. Nginothando olukhulu lokudweba nokugqwayiza, futhi manje sengingena ngekhanda emhlabeni onyakazayo. Ngebhulogi yami, ngabelana ngezifundo zami nani bafana.