Kamera: Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imagwira Ntchito Motani?

pa kim Zasinthidwa: June 26, 2022

Introduction

Kamera ndi chida chowonera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi zosasunthika kapena kujambula mayendedwe mumtundu umodzi kapena mafelemu otsatizana. Ili ndi lens yomwe imasonkhanitsa kuwala ndikuyika pamalo osamva kuwala monga filimu kapena sensa ya zithunzi za digito. Makamera amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ojambula, opanga mafilimu, ndi akatswiri ena kujambula zithunzi za dziko lozungulira.

M’nkhaniyi tikambirana kamera ndi chiyani ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito.

Tanthauzirani Kamera

Kamera ndi chipangizo chomwe chimajambula kuwala kuti chipange chithunzi. Zimagwira ntchito polandira kuwala kuchokera ku chinthu kapena powonekera ndikusunga, ngati chithunzi cha digito kapena chojambulidwa, pa sing'anga yoyenera. Makamera amagwiritsa malonda kuyang'ana kuwalaku pa masensa kapena filimu kuti mujambule zomwe zikuchitika.

Ngakhale lingaliro la kujambula ndi losavuta, ukadaulo wamakamera wapita patsogolo ndipo wakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi kuchokera pazida zazing'ono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku mpaka makamera apamwamba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula zithunzi ndi makanema owulutsa. Makamera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zonse zomwe zimakhalabe komanso zosuntha zithunzi, monga kupanga mafilimu.

Zigawo zoyambira zamakamera amakono aliwonse amagwirira ntchito limodzi kujambula zithunzi:

• A lens system imasonkhanitsa ndikuwunikira kuwala komwe kumawonekera kuchokera pamutu kupita ku sensa yazithunzi yomwe imajambulitsa kuwala mu data ya digito.
• An chojambula chowonekera imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuwona zomwe zidzalembedwe.
• Njira sunthani lens kapena filimu.
• Mabatani, zowongolera ndi makonda ambiri amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera makonda a kujambula ndi kuwonekera.

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Makamera

makamera zimabwera m'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Kutengera ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakamera ilipo, kuphatikiza makamera a digito, makamera amakanema, makamera otayika, makamera a Webusaiti ndi makamera oyang'anira.

Intaneti Chojambulira Kamera ya digito imajambula zithunzi ngati data (mafayilo a digito). Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chipangizo chojambulira (sensor) komanso kuthekera kosunga deta pa memori khadi kapena malo ena osungira. Makamera a digito amapereka mwayi wopeza mosavuta ndikuwoneratu zithunzi komanso kutha kuzitumiza pakompyuta kudzera pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti. Zitsanzo za nsonga-ndi-kuwombera zimatha kukhala zazing'ono kuti zilowe m'thumba ndikupereka luso loyang'ana pawokha pomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito akatswiri, zitsanzo zapamwamba zokhala ndi zowongolera pamanja zimapezekanso.

Makamera avidiyo Amadziwikanso monga makamera kapena makanema ojambula, zipangizozi zapangidwa mwapadera kuwombera zithunzi zoyenda mmene mawu amajambulidwa pamodzi ndi zithunzizo. Zipangizo zamaluso zimaphatikiza magalasi apamwamba kwambiri ofotokozera bwino, makulitsidwe otalikirapo komanso kuthekera kwapadera komwe kumapangidwira kusonkhanitsa nkhani kapena kupanga makanema. Mitundu yaying'ono ndiyoyenera kujambula kanema wakunyumba kapena zosangalatsa zanthawi zonse zokhala ndi nthawi yayitali ya batri.

Makamera Osiyanasiyana Makamera ogwiritsira ntchito kamodzi safuna mphamvu yamtundu uliwonse - amagwira ntchito popanda magetsi akunja monga mabatire kapena magetsi oyendetsa magetsi - kuwapangitsa kukhala otchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogula omwe akufunafuna njira yotsika mtengo yojambula kukumbukira popanda kupereka nsembe pazithunzi zazithunzi zabwino. Kamera yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imabwera yodzaza ndi filimu yomwe singachotsedwe ku thupi la kamera; kamodzi onse chithunzi mwayi zatha ndiye zipangizozi kukhala disposable ntchito kwathunthu pa mwini wake behest kulola iye / iye chabe kutaya izo pamene salinso chofunika / chofunika kachiwiri.

Makamera a Webusaiti Zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti "makamera apaintaneti" makina ojambulira makanema apa digito amalumikiza mwachindunji kudzera pa madoko a USB pa laputopu/makompyuta apakompyuta omwe amapereka mawonekedwe amtundu wa ogwiritsa ntchito monga kutsatsira mavidiyo munthawi yeniyeni komanso kuwombera komwe kumatumizidwa mwachindunji kumagulu ogwirira ntchito ndi zina.

Makamera Oyendera Zofala masiku ano m'nyumba, ziwerengero za anthu, nyumba zomanga, malo ogulitsa, ndi zina zambiri chifukwa chaukadaulo wowunika momwe ukadaulo wa digito ukuyendera tsopano ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba omwe amapatsa ogwira ntchito zachitetezo chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza ngati pakufunika. Nthawi zambiri, pali magulu awiri akulu: CCTV ya analogue (Closed Circuit Television) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito waya wakuthupi pomwe ma network a IP akugwiritsa ntchito ma protocol wamba a ethernet olumikizidwa pamanetiweki ambiri. Zokhala m'nyumba osaphatikiza mapulogalamu akunjawa amabera makina ogwiritsira ntchito movutikira amalola kujambula nthawi zonse masana komanso kuzungulira kwausiku kwamuyaya.

Zigawo Zoyambira za Kamera

Kamera ndi chida chofunikira chojambula kukumbukira ndi mphindi zomwe mungasangalale nazo zaka zikubwerazi. Makamera amabwera m'mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe ambiri ndipo onse amapangidwa ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zithunzi zanu zitheke.

Tiyeni tiwone zigawo zikuluzikulu za kamera ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito limodzi kupanga zithunzi zomwe mumakonda:

mandala

Lens ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kamera. Lens kwenikweni ndi diso la kamera - imatengera chithunzicho ndikuchiyika kuti chipange chithunzi pafilimu kapena sensa ya digito. Magalasi amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera kugalasi kapena pulasitiki, zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti kuwala kumadutse ndikupanga chithunzi chakuthwa pafilimu kapena sensa ya digito.

Magalasi a kamera amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zosefera ndi zipewa kuti aziwongolera kuyatsa komanso kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo monga autofocus, kuthekera kwa zoom ndi zosintha pamanja. Magalasi azikhalanso ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana komwe kumatsimikizira kuti mungakhale kutali bwanji ndi mutu womwe mungakhale mukujambula. Miyeso yofananira imayambira 6mm super-fisheye lens kwa zithunzi za hemispherical, mpaka 600mm telephoto kwa ntchito zokulitsa kwambiri. Ma lens osiyanasiyana adzakhala ndi ma apertures osiyanasiyana omwe amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumalowera komanso kuthamanga kwake shutter iyenera kusuntha kuti kuwala koyenera kugunda filimu yanu kapena sensa ya digito.

Pali mitundu yambiri yamagalasi yomwe ilipo kuphatikiza:

• Mbali yayikulu malonda
• Telephoto malonda
• Chithunzi/standard malonda
• Fisheye malonda
• Macro/micro malonda
• Shift/kupendekera-kusintha malonda
• Ndi zina zambiri zosankha zapadera zopangidwira zochitika zapadera zowombera.

Chotseka

The shutter ndi makina omwe ali mkati mwa kamera omwe amawongolera kutalika kwa sensor mu kamera kuti iwonekere kuwala. Makamera amakono a digito amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza a chotsekera chamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Izi zimafulumizitsa nthawi yomwe kamera yanu imajambula ndikuthandiza kuti zithunzi zanu zikhale zowoneka bwino, makamaka zomwe zimajambulidwa m'malo opepuka.

The makina shutter amapangidwa ndi zitsulo ziwiri kapena pulasitiki zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumaloledwa kudutsa nthawi iliyonse. Mukasindikiza batani la kamera yanu, masambawa amatseguka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwala kulowa ndi lens ndikuyika sensa yazithunzi. Mukamasula batani, masambawa amatsekanso kuti kuwala kusalowenso.

The chotseka chamagetsi imagwira ntchito mosiyana kwambiri ndi mnzake wamakina chifukwa sagwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse zakuthupi kuti agwire ntchito - m'malo mwake amadalira zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma algorithms apakompyuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito chotsekera chamtunduwu, ndizotheka kuti makamera azikhala ndi nthawi yowonekera mwachangu kuposa kale - kukulolani kujambula zithunzi mwatsatanetsatane komanso momveka bwino kuposa kale!

Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera nthawi yowonekera, zotsekera zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zina monga kupanga blur yoyenda kapena zina. kulenga zotsatira zomwe sizingatheke pojambula zithunzi ndi makamera amafilimu achikhalidwe.

kabowo

The kuphimba ndi dzenje mu gawo la thupi la kamera lomwe limadziwika kuti lens. Khomo limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumadutsa, ndipo akhoza kusinthidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apange chithunzi chapamwamba kapena chochepa. Kukula kwa kabowo kungathe kuyeza Kuyimitsa F, yokhala ndi manambala ang’onoang’ono osonyeza pobowola zazikulu (kutanthauza kuwala kochuluka). Nthawi zambiri, mandala ndi yaing'ono F-siyani nambala imatchedwa "kudya,” chifukwa imatha kulola kuwala kochuluka kudutsa mwachangu kuposa magalasi okhala ndi ma F-stop apamwamba.

Khomo limakhudzanso kutalika kwa munda - ndi kuchuluka kwa chithunzi chomwe chili chakuthwa komanso chokhazikika nthawi iliyonse. Kabowo kakang'ono (kang'ono ka F-stop) kumapangitsa kuti munda ukhale wozama pomwe kabowo kakang'ono (kachikulu ka F-stop) kadzatulutsa kuya kwambiri - kutanthauza kuti chimangocho chidzayang'ana nthawi imodzi. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito momveka bwino popanga nyimbo zosangalatsa - mwachitsanzo, kupanga mitu kuti ikhale yosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika poyiyika patali, kapenanso kukhala ndi zinthu zakutsogolo komanso zakumbuyo komanso zolunjika.

kachipangizo

Kamera ya chithunzi chojambulira ndiye gwero la chipangizocho champhamvu yojambula kuwala. Kamera iliyonse ya digito kapena filimu imakhala ndi imodzi. Iwo amabwera mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera masensa akuluakulu okhala ndi chimango chonse omwe ali ofanana ndi 35mm filimu chimango, kuti masensa ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa chikhadabo.

Ntchito ya sensa ndikusintha kuwala komwe kukubwera kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi kuti apitilize kukonza. M'zochita, sensa imagwira kuwala ndikupanga magetsi a analogi omwe amafunika kukulitsidwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro cha digito kuti asungidwe mosavuta ndi kukonzedwa.

Zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za sensa ndi zake zithunzi (amodzi mapikiselo pa sensa) ndi zake ma microlens (onani kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kwakhazikika mu chithunzi chilichonse). Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu ziwirizi kumathandizira kuti mafotositi onse azitha kujambula kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwake asanawatumize kuti akakonzenso. Ndalamazi zimasiyanasiyana kutengera zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa shutter, kabowo, ISO kukhazikitsa etc.

Kuphatikiza apo, makamera amakono a digito nthawi zambiri amabwera ndi mtundu wina luso lochepetsa phokoso zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa mikwingwirima mwachisawawa ndi smudges pazithunzi zadijito zisanasungidwe kapena kukonzedwanso. Tekinoloje iyi imagwira ntchito posanthula zomwe zikubwera ndikuchotsa zidziwitso zilizonse zosafunikira zomwe zidatengedwa ndi masensa a kamera - kupanga kokha. zithunzi zowoneka bwino.

Wotanthauzira

Wowonera ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kamera iliyonse ndipo ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chithunzi musanajambule. Zitha kutenga mitundu yambiri, kuchokera ku mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa kuwala wokhala ndi lens losavuta lokulitsa ndi zenera mpaka pamagetsi ovuta omwe amawonetsedwa pazithunzi za LCD za kamera.

Ntchito yaikulu ya chowonera ndi kuthandiza ojambula kuti azijambula zithunzi zawo, makamaka pamene akugwira ntchito kunja kwa kuwala kochepa kapena kuthamanga kwa shutter. Amalolanso ojambula kuti lembani chithunzi chawo molondola asanawombe, kuwonetsetsa kuti agwira zomwe akufuna powombera.

Mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa zowonera umapereka zenera la kuwala kapena mandala ang'onoang'ono omwe amangopanga mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna kudzera pa lens yayikulu ya kamera. Mtundu woterewu umapezeka pamakamera a point-and-shoot ndi ma lens ena osasunthika - komanso makamera aukadaulo a single-lens reflex (SLR) - ndipo amapereka njira yoyambira yopangira nkhani yanu mwachangu komanso molondola.

Fomu yamagetsi, yotchedwa an electronic viewfinder (EVF), imalowa m'malo mwa mitundu yachikale ya kuwala ndi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zowonetsera zamadzimadzi (LCDs) kuti ziwonetse zithunzi pakompyuta kudzera pagalasi la maso a kamera. Zowonera zamagetsi zimatha kupereka zabwino zambiri kuposa anzawo achikhalidwe monga:

• Kuchulukitsa kusamvana
• Zokonda zosinthika za diopter
• Zowongolera zowongolera zowonetsera
• Zothandizira zojambula zamitundu ina yojambulira monga macro work
• Kupititsa patsogolo luso la autofocusing kuti muwonetsetse kulondola kwazinthu
• Kutha kuzindikira nkhope - china chake chomwe chimapezeka pama digito apamwamba kwambiri a SLR
• Kuphatikizanso zabwino zambiri zomwe sizimalumikizidwa nthawi zambiri ndi mawonekedwe a Optical.

Kodi Kamera Imagwira Ntchito Motani?

Kamera ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula ndi kujambula zithunzi, nthawi zambiri za digito. Koma kamera imagwira ntchito bwanji? Pakatikati pake, kamera imagwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe kuwala kumawonekera kuchokera kuzinthu. Imajambula zowunikirazi ndikuzimasulira kukhala chithunzi kudzera munjira yovuta ya magalasi, zosefera, ndi sensa ya digito.

M'nkhaniyi, tiona za ntchito zamkati za kamera ndi momwe imatha kutenga zithunzi zokongola:

Kuwala kumalowa mu lens

Kuwala kumalowa mu kamera kudzera mu lens, chomwe ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki yomwe imakhala yopindika kuti iwonetsere kuwalako ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yofanana. Chithunzi chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pafilimuyo ndi lens chimadalira zinthu ziwiri - the kutalika ndi kabowo kukula. Kutalika kwamtsogolo imatsimikizira kuti chinthu chiyenera kuima pafupi kapena kutali kuti chikhale cholunjika, pomwe kabowo kukula zimatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumadutsa mu lens nthawi imodzi.

Kukula kwa sensa ya kamera kukhudzanso kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kungagwire - masensa akuluakulu amatha kujambula kuwala kwambiri kuposa masensa ang'onoang'ono. Sensa yayikulu ndiyofunikiranso ngati mukufuna kuti zithunzi zanu zikhale ndi gawo lozama, chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimayang'ana ndizothwa pomwe chilichonse chakunja kwaderali sichimamveka bwino kuti mutsindike bwino mutu wanu.

Kuwala kukalowa kudzera mu lens ndikuyang'ana pa sensa ya chithunzi kapena filimu, kuwala kumeneku kumasinthidwa kukhala chidziwitso cha mtundu, kuwala, ndi kusiyana. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chithunzi chopangidwa ndi mamiliyoni a pixels (zithunzi zinthu) zomwe pamodzi zimapanga chithunzi chonse cha zomwe tikuwona.

Kuwala kumadutsa pobowo

Kuwala kumadutsa mu kuphimba, lomwe ndi dzenje lopangidwa mu lens. Izi zimalola kuti kuwalako kufikire ndikugunda komwe sensor ya chithunzi ili. The zakulera a kabowo kumathandiza kulamulira kuchuluka kwa kuwala kudzalowa. Imawonetsetsa kuti pali kuwala kokwanira kotero kuti ikhoza kusinthidwa pa sensa ya chithunzi komanso imagwiranso ntchito ngati njira yowonetsera momwe zinthu zambiri zosawoneka bwino kapena zomwe zimayang'ana mkati mwa kuwombera zidzakhalire.

Makamera ambiri amakhala ndi choyimba chosinthira mtengo wobowola, kutsitsa kapena kukulitsa kutengera zotsatira zomwe mukuyang'ana. Mwachiwonekere, ngati mukufuna kuwala kowonjezereka kuti mulowe mukuwombera kwanu, tsegulani mtengo wotsegula pamene mukupanga bokeh pa chilichonse chomwe sichili m'dera lanu loyang'ana pamafunika kutseka diaphragm kwambiri.

Kuwalako kumadutsa kenako kumadutsa chomwe chimadziwika kuti fyuluta yoletsa kuwala ndi kupita ku sensa ya zithunzi. Kuwala kukafika mbali iyi ya kamera kumasintha mawonekedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikulemba ngati chidziwitso cha digito chomwe chimapereka chithunzi chanu kutentha kwamtundu ndi makonzedwe a ISO molondola kutengera momwe mumawombera komanso zida zina zapamwamba kutengera mtundu wa kamera yanu.

Kuwala kumayang'ana pa sensa

Kuwala kukadutsa mu lens ya kamera, kumayang'ana mutuwo ndipo kumangoyang'ana pa sensa ya kamera ya digito. Izi zimadziwika kuti 'capture'. Sensayi imakhala ndi mamiliyoni a ma pixel ang'onoang'ono, osawoneka bwino (kapena mafoto) opangidwa ndi ma silicon photodiodes omwe ali pamalo aliwonse a pixel. Kuwala kokwanira kugwera pa pixel (kapena photosite), mtengo umapangidwa womwe umasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chomwe chimatha kukonzedwa ndi kompyuta. Kutengera mtundu, chizindikirochi chidzasinthidwa kukhala zowonera kapena zomvera kuti muwonere kapena kusewera.

Photosite iliyonse mu sensa yazithunzi imakhala ndi amplifier yake, yomwe imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwamphamvu kuchokera pa pixel iliyonse, motero kumapangitsa kuti chithunzi chonse chikhale bwino. Makamera ena amaphatikizanso ma aligorivimu ochepetsa phokoso monga gawo la mapangidwe awo, kuti achepetse ma siginecha olakwika ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa kujambula kwa data.

Chiwerengero cha ma pixel pa sensa ya chithunzi chimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuzindikira mtundu wa chithunzi; ma pixel ochulukirapo amafanana ndi zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri, pomwe ma pixel ocheperako nthawi zambiri amabweretsa zithunzi zotsika zokhala ndi njere zambiri komanso phokoso. Zomverera zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwinoko kuposa ang'onoang'ono ndikupereka mawonekedwe osinthika, kuwala kocheperako bwino, komanso kuzama kwa malo kuti muzitha kuyang'ana mwaukadaulo mukafuna.

Chotsekera chimatsegula ndikutseka

The shutter ndi kansalu kakang'ono, kakang'ono kamene kamatsegula ndi kutseka, kulola kuti kuwala kujambulidwa ndi kamera panthawi yomwe yalengezedwa. Chotsekeracho chimawongolera nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yomwe kuwala kudzadutsa kupita ku sensa ya chithunzi. Mu makamera a digito, pali mitundu iwiri ya zotsekera: zakuthupi ndi za digito.

Zovala Zathupi: Zotsekera zomangira zimatseguka kapena kutseka mwamakina, nthawi zambiri m'tigawo ting'onoting'ono ta sekondi, kupangitsa mawonekedwe omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu DSLR makamera ndipo amafanana ndi zingwe ziwiri zomwe zimatha kutsegulidwa kapena kutsekedwa pamanja kapena pakompyuta kuti azitha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumafika pachimake chojambula cha kamera.

Zotsekera Za digito: Zotsekera za digito zimagwira ntchito mosiyana ndi zotsekera zamakina popeza sagwiritsa ntchito zotchinga zakuthupi kuti zilowetse kuwala - m'malo mwake zimatha zimakhudza momwe kuwala komwe kukubwera kumazindikirira pakompyuta pozimitsa mwamsanga pambuyo pozizindikira kwa nthawi yochepa. Njirayi imapanga chiwonetsero ndi a nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zingathere pogwiritsa ntchito chotseka chokha. Zotsekera za digito zimathanso kulola kuti zithunzi ziwonekere bwino chifukwa zilibe zida zilizonse zosuntha zomwe zimakonda kuyambitsa kugwedezeka komwe kungathe kuyimitsa chithunzi ngati chikugwiritsidwa ntchito motalika kwambiri.

Chithunzicho chimakonzedwa ndikusungidwa

Chithunzicho chikalandiridwa ndi thupi la kamera, chimakonzedwa ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zili pa bolodi kuti zikonzekere kujambula ndi kusunga. Izi zingaphatikizepo ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga demosaicing, kuchepetsa phokoso, kukonza mitundu ndi kukhazikitsa makonda osiyanasiyana. Chithunzicho chimasungidwa pamtima pa kapena mkati mwa purosesa ya kanema ya kamera.

Kenako, kutengera mtundu wa kamera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito (analogi kapena digito), zithunzi zimasungidwa ngati mwina filimu zoipa kapena mafayilo a digito. M'makamera a analogi, zithunzi zimajambulidwa ngati chithunzi choyipa pampukutu wa kanema womwe uli mkati mwa thupi la kamera. Makamera a digito amasunga zithunzi ngati mafayilo a digito monga ma JPEG kapena ma RAW omwe amatha kusamutsidwa nthawi yomweyo kumakompyuta ndi zida zina popanda kukonza.

Makamera ena amapereka zida zapamwamba monga Kusintha kwapamanja kwa ISO sensitivity (kukhudzidwa kwa kuwala), luso loyang'ana pawokha, kuwongolera mawonekedwe pamanja komanso zowonera zomwe zimakulolani kuti muwunikenso nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe azithunzi ndi mawonekedwe akuwonekera musanadutse batani lotsekera. Makamera ambiri amakono amakono amagwiritsanso ntchito zomangira Ukadaulo wa Wi-Fi kotero zithunzi zitha kugawidwa mosavuta pa intaneti kudzera pamasamba ochezera.

Kutsiliza

Pomaliza, makamera ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chojambulira zikumbukiro ndikufotokozera nkhani. Ukadaulo wawo wovuta umatilola kujambula ndi kusunga zithunzi zomwe zikadatayika nthawi. Kaya ndinu katswiri wojambula zithunzi kapena mukungogwiritsa ntchito kamera yanu ngati chosangalatsa, kumvetsetsa momwe kamera yanu imagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri pojambula zithunzi zodabwitsa. Tengani nthawi kuti dziwani zomwe kamera yanu ili nayo komanso kuthekera kwake kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwapindula kwambiri.

Chidule cha zigawo za kamera ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi

Kujambula zithunzi kwakhala kulipo kwa zaka mazana ambiri, koma makamera amakono amagwira ntchito m’njira zimene sizinatheke kufikira kupita patsogolo kwaumisiri. Chigawo chachikulu cha kamera iliyonse ya digito ndi lens yomwe imayang'ana kuwala kuchokera pamutu kupita ku sensa ya zithunzi. Sensa yazithunzi kwenikweni ndi miyandamiyanda yaing'onoting'ono mamiliyoni ambiri zowunikira zithunzi (ma pixel) zomwe zimatembenuza kuwala kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi, kotero kuti chithunzi chikhoza kujambulidwa ndikusungidwa ngati deta. Chizindikirocho chikajambulidwa, chimatha kusinthidwanso ndi purosesa ya kamera kuti iwonjezere mitundu ndi kuthwa kwamitundu isanasungidwe ngati fayilo ya digito.

Makamera ambiri ogula masiku ano ali ndi zigawo zina zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithunzi zanu ziziwoneka bwino komanso ziziwoneka ngati zamoyo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Njira za Autofocus
• Zotsekera zamagetsi
• Exposure mita
• White balance sensors
• Mayunitsi a Flash
• Zowonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa kuwala kochepa
• Machitidwe okhazikika azithunzi
• Onetsani zowonera zowoneratu zithunzi zanu.

Zida zonsezi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zipange zithunzi zapamwamba kwambiri malinga ndi zokonda zanu ndi zomwe mumakonda mukasindikiza batani lotsekera.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito kamera

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kamera, pali zopindulitsa zambiri kuphatikiza kujambula mphindi zosaiŵalika, kujambula zithunzi zosuntha kuti munene nkhani, kupanga zojambulajambula ndi zina zambiri. Kujambula zithunzi ndi kamera ya digito kumatha kusunga zikumbukiro m'njira yomwe makamera amakanema achikhalidwe sangathe. Zithunzi zosuntha monga makanema amathanso kujambula nkhani, zochitika kapena zochitika m'njira zomwe zithunzi sizingathe kutero. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza nkhani, kapena kwa kufotokoza mwaluso ndi luso.

Makanema amalolanso opanga kuyesa ma angles osiyanasiyana kuti apatse chidutswacho kuzama komanso chidwi chowoneka. Kuphatikiza apo, makamera amapereka ufulu wowonetsa luso pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe monga zoikamo kukhudzana ndi white balance control. Ojambula apamwamba kwambiri ali ndi zosankha zambiri poyang'anira zithunzi zawo monga kuwongolera kabowo kapena zosunga nthawi zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azijambula mwatsatanetsatane zomwe sizingachitike pamanja.

Pomaliza, makamera amapereka njira yowonetsera zojambulajambula kudzera mukupanga ndi njira yojambulira nkhani kaya zikhale zithunzi kapena mawonekedwe kapena china chilichonse chomwe munthu angasankhe. Zopindulitsa zonsezi zimabwera palimodzi kupanga zaluso zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kutengeka komanso zokumbukira zamuyaya ndi makamera a digito.

Moni, ndine Kim, mayi komanso wokonda kuyimitsa zoyenda komanso wodziwa zambiri pakupanga media komanso kakulidwe ka intaneti. Ndili ndi chikhumbo chachikulu chojambula ndi makanema ojambula, ndipo tsopano ndikudumphira molunjika kudziko loyimitsa. Ndi blog yanga, ndikugawana zomwe ndaphunzira ndi inu anyamata.