Aperture: Chii Chiri MuKamera?
Aperture inokosha kamera chimiro chinokanganisa huwandu hwechiedza chinosvika sensor yekamera mune yakapihwa kuratidzwa. Ndiko kuvhura mulenzi kunotaridza kuti ingani chiedza chinotenderwa kupfuura uye chichakanganisa kupinza kwemufananidzo.
Aperture inokanganisawo saizi yenzvimbo iri kutarisisa. Kune chero kuratidzwa kunenge kwapihwa, kaburi kadiki kanogadzira nzvimbo yakakura mukutarisisa ukuwo gombe richigadzira nzvimbo diki pakutarisa.
Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura kuti chii chinonzi aperture uye kuti chingashandiswa sei kuwana zvirinani mafoto mhedzisiro:
Mune ino posvo isu tichafukidza:
Tsanangudzo yeAperture
Aperture ndiko kuseta pamakamera emifananidzo anodzora saizi yekuvhura lens, kana iris. Iyo inosarudza kuti yakawanda sei chiedza chichapfuura nepakati kuti isvike kune iyo mufananidzo sensor. Aperture size inowanzoratidzwa mukati f-mira, uye inogona kubva kune yakaderera kukosha (yakakura kuvhura) kusvika kune yakakwirira kukosha (kuvhura kudiki).
Nekuchinja aperture, iwe unogona kudzora kwete chete kuratidzwa kwako asiwo yako kudzika kwemunda - yakawanda sei yemufananidzo wako ichave yakatarisana. Iyo yakakura aperture kukosha inoreva kuti kushoma kwechifananidzo chako kuchave kwakatariswa, kuchiita kuti ive isina kujeka uye kugadzira yakawedzera kuita sekurota. Madiki apertures anogadzira kudzika kwemunda, kugadzira zvese zviri mufocus - yakanakira nzvimbo uye mapfuti eboka.
Kuti Aperture Inokanganisa Sei Kuratidzwa
Aperture kuvhura kunochinjika mukati melenzi inobvumira mwenje kuti ipfuure uye isvike kamera yekufungidzira sensor. Saizi yekuvhura iyi inogona kushandurwa kutonga huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda mulenzi. Kudzora uku kunobvumira vatori vemifananidzo kugadzirisa kuratidzwa, kana kupenya, yemifananidzo yavo mumamiriro akasiyana emwenje.
Kana chiedza chikapinda mulenzi, chinopfuura nepaburi rinogadziriswa, iro rine mhete ine mablades akawanda anoita kuvhura. Mablades anogona kuvhurika kana kuvhara zvichienderana nekuti rakawanda sei mwenje unodiwa pakuonekwa kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinowanzozivikanwa seaperture size uye inoyerwa mukati f-mira - nhamba yenhamba inowanzosiyana pakati f/1.4 uye f/22 zvevakawanda lenses. A aperture yakakura inoreva kuti chiedza chakawanda chichapinda mukamera, zvichiita kuti pave nemufananidzo wakajeka; Ukuwo, nekaburi kadiki, chiedza chishoma chinopinda kamera yako zvichikonzera foto yakasviba.
Kushandiswa kwemaf-stop akasiyana kuchakanganisawo zvimwe zvikamu zvekutaridzika kwemufananidzo. Saizi yakakura yekuvhura (yakaderera f-stop) inogona kugadzira kudzika-kwemunda-kudzika-kwe-munda pamwe nekuwedzera kusajeka kwemashure uye bokeh quality; paunenge uchishandisa madiki aperture saizi (yepamusoro f-stop) inowedzera kudzika-kwe-munda uku ichiderera kumashure kusajeka uye bokeh hunhu mumifananidzo.
Aperture marongero anowanikwa pamakamera mazhinji edhijitari nhasi, ese mapoinzi uye ekupfura modhi pamwe neakaomesesa DSLR makamera ane malenzi anochinjika. Kuziva kunyatsogadzirisa marongero ayo kunovimbisa yakakwana yekuratidzwa mazinga emhando dzakasiyana dzemifananidzo!
Kunzwisisa Aperture Values
The aperture yekamera ndiko kuvhura mulenzi kunobvumira mwenje kuti upfuure uye usvike pa sensor yemufananidzo. Aperture inopimwa mukati f-nhamba, izvo zvinokonzeresa kureba kwekutarisa uye saizi yekuvhura lens.
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Kuziva kugadzirisa kukosha kweaperture chinhu chakakosha pakutora mifananidzo inoshamisa, saka ngatitarisei zvakanyanya. aperture values uye mashandiro avo.
F-Stops uye T-Stops
Chikero chakafanana chekuyera huwandu hwechiedza chinopinzwa nelenzi chinozivikanwa se f anomira or f-nhamba. F inomira inobva pane a chiyero, iyo inotsanangura kuti chiedza chakawanda sei chinofambiswa nelenzi. Maburi ane manhamba epamusoro e f stop anowirirana nemalenzi ane malenzi madiki, anopinza chiedza chishoma. Semuenzaniso, aperture ye F / 2.8 pinda chiedza chakapetwa kaviri seburi re F / 4.
Iyo nzira imwechete inoshandiswa kuverenga t-mira, asi pane zvakakosha mutsauko pakati pavo uye f-zvimira izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa pakupfura nehunyanzvi makamera. Kunyangwe kukosha kunoratidzwa kungave kwakafanana (semuenzaniso, F / 2 uye T2), t-zvimira zvinoyera kutapurirana chaiko nepo f-stop inoyera chiedza maererano nehukuru hwemwana wekupinda.
Mune mamwe mazwi, zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana, lenzi yakamira kusvika f / 2 ichaisa chiedza chishoma pane pa t/2 nekuda kwekumwe kurasikirwa pakati pe sensor uye kwaunosarudza kukosha kwekuratidzwa - kazhinji pamudzidzi wepamukova wemalenzi ako. Uyezve, kana iwe ukatarisa imwe chaiyo lenzi kune infinity pane ese t uye f-mira zvigadziriso iwe uchaona nezvazvo. 1/3 EV musiyano (1 kumira) pakati pavo nekuda kwekurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekuratidzwa kwemukati mune yakawanda yakafara angle zooms paunomira pasi kubva pakavhurika yakavhurika - saka haasi ese malenzi achaita zvakafanana pano!
Aperture Range
Aperture inzvimbo inogadzirika mumakamera edhijitari inodzora saizi yekuvhurwa kwe diaphragm ye lens. Inowanzo kunzi “f-stop” kana kuti focal ratio, uye inomiririrwa nenhamba dze f-nhamba dzakadai se f/2.8, f/5.6 zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Rudzi urwu, rwunozivikanwawo sean aperture range, inoreva diki uye hombe lens kuvhurwa kunowanikwa pane imwe kamera.
Kazhinji kutaura, aperture yakaderera ine nhamba inozokonzera kuvhurwa kwelens hombe, iyo inobvumira kuti mwenje wakawanda ubatwe ne sensor chero nguva. Izvi zvine zvirevo zvikuru zviviri:
- Mifananidzo yakajeka ine ruzha rushoma
- Kudzika kudzika kwendima kunobatsira kukwevera pfungwa kuchidzidzo chikuru
Inowanzo shandiswa yakaderera aperture kukosha inosanganisira f/1.4 uye f/2.8 kune malenzi akajeka anoda mwenje mushoma kuti ushande zvakanaka. Nhamba dzepamusoro dzakaita se f/11 kana f/16 anowanzo shandirwa ane malenzi anononoka anoda chiedza chakawanda chero nguva kuitira kutora mifananidzo yakachena pasina ruzha rwakanyanya kana hunyoro hwemhando yepamusoro ISO marongero.
Muchidimbu, kunzwisisa Aperture Range Zvinosanganisira kuziva hukama hwayo pakati peISO senitivity marongero uye kupenya mazinga - yakaderera aperture kukosha inoburitsa mifananidzo inopenya nepo yakakwirira aperture kukosha inogona kubatsira kuchengeta iyo pikicha yose yakatarisa uku ichidzima kunze kwemashure painodiwa kudzika-kwe-munda kupfura kunodiwa.
Aperture uye Kudzika Kwemunda
Aperture iko kuseta pane yako kamera lens inokanganisa kuratidzwa kwemufananidzo wako. Iyo zvakare chishandiso chine simba kuti uwane iwo chaiwo mufananidzo waunoda. Nekushandura aperture, unogona kudzora huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda mulenzi, pamwe neiyo kudzika kwemunda.
Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora zvakanakira aperture uye zvinokanganisa sei kudzika kwemunda.
Kudzika Kwakadzika Kwemunda
Kudzika kwemunda kwakadzama mhedzisiro ye nzvimbo yakakura yeaperture. Nekuwedzera saizi yeaperture yako (diki f-nhamba), shoma yemufananidzo wako ichave yakatarisana, zvichikonzera kudzika kwemunda. Kudzika kudzika kwemunda kunowanzo kudiwa maitiro emifananidzo, macro mafoto uye mapikicha enzvimbo kwaunoda kupatsanura chidzidzo chako kubva kumashure kana kumberi. Inowedzera drama kumufananidzo uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mifananidzo inokatyamadza kana ikashandiswa nemazvo.
Nekuvhura aperture yako (diki f-nhamba) uye kushandisa a wide angle angle nechinhambwe chakakodzera kubva pachidzidzo, unogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka ine yakaderera mwenje marongero senge pakuvira kwezuva kana mukati memba pasina kushandisa yakakwira ISO marongero. Iwe unofanirwawo kushandisa imwe kana maviri ekunze kupenya kana maturusi ekuvhenekesa kukwenenzvera kupinza uye kuwana iyo nyanzvi yemhando yekutarisa mafoto ako. Musanganiswa we maburi mahombe (f/2.8 – f/4) ane kureba kupfupi (14mm – 50mm) kana uchitora mapikicha mune yakaderera mwenje marongero kazhinji inoshanda zvakanaka!
Kudzika Kwemunda
Kudzika kwakadzika kwemunda inoitika kana ruzhinji rwezvinhu rwakatariswa mukati memufananidzo. Paunenge uchipfura nekudzika kwakadzika kwemunda, zvakakosha kuti ushandise hombe yekumisikidza uye kupfupisa kutarisa kwako kuseri uye kumberi kwemufananidzo. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unozofanirwa kuseta yako aperture yekamera kune yayo diki marongero. Nekuita izvi, mwenje uchipinda mulenzi unogona kuramba uchimanikidzwa, uchiwedzera kudzika kwese kwemunda.
Kudzika kwemunda kunotsanangurwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakadai se shutter kumhanya uye lens yakatarisa kureba - ese ari maviri akabatana. Paunenge uchipfura ne-wide-angle lens (uko chiedza chinopinda zvakasununguka uye chinobudisa kudzika kusina kudzika), kushandisa chivharo chinononoka paunenge uchienda kunze uye uchitarisa pazvinhu zviri kure zvinozoguma nekudzika kwakadzika kwemunda kubatwa. Saizvozvo, kana uchipfura ne telephoto lens (uko kunopinda zvishoma chiedza chete) pakukurumidza shutter sipidhi inowedzera kutarisa kune zvinhu zviri pedyo zvichikonzera kudzika kwakadzika kubatwa zvakare.
Aperture uye Motion Blur
Aperture chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekamera. Igomba riri mulenzi rinotonga huwandu hwechiedza chinopinzwa nelenzi. Aperture inewo mhedzisiro yakananga pane kudzika kwemunda, inova nzvimbo yemufananidzo inotariswa. Mukuwedzera, aperture inoitawo basa muhuwandu hwe kufamba kwekufamba aripo mumufananidzo.
Muchikamu chino, tichanyatsotarisa hukama huripo aperture uye blur yekufamba.
Fast Aperture
A fast aperture Ilenzi ine kuvhurika kwakakura kunobvumira chiedza chakawanda kupinda sensor yekamera kana uchitora mafoto kana vhidhiyo. Iyo yakakura iyo aperture, iyo inokurumidza shutter kumhanya inogona kushandiswa, iyo inobatsira pakubata zvinhu zvinofamba. Inodzikisirawo kudiwa kwemwenje wekugadzira mune mamwe mamiriro. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo inokurumidza aperture lens ichakubvumidza iwe kutora mapikicha mune yakaderera mwenje isina kujeka kana ruzha nekuda kwekunonoka kuvhara kwevhavha kana yakakwira ISO marongero.
Mafashama ekukurumidza anowanzo kunzi maapertures makuru or yakaderera f-nhamba (kazhinji f/2.8 kana pasi). Aperture hombe inopa kudzika kwemunda, iyo inokutendera iwe kudzima maficha uye kugadzira inoyevedza yemifananidzo. Paunenge uchipfura nzvimbo uye zvivakwa, kuve neakafara-ekona lens ine madiki f-nhamba kunowedzera kukosha sezvo ivo vachigona kupinza chiedza chakawanda vachichengeta iyo chaiyo nzvimbo yekuumbwa kwako yakapinza.
Iyo yakakurisa iyo yekuvhura, iyo ipfupi nguva yako yekuratidzwa inogona kuve kana uchitora mafoto zvinhu zvinofamba (semuenzaniso, mota) kana kudzivirira kamera kuzunguza (semuenzaniso, kubatwa nemaoko usiku). Iine ultra-fast lens senge f/1.4 yekutanga, vatori vemifananidzo vanogona kuvimba nekudzika kwakadzika kwekutonga kwemunda pamwe nechiedza chechisikigo chekugadzira mapfuti pasina kujeka kwekufamba kunoparadza zvinyorwa zvavo—yakakwana yehusiku mafoto uye zvimiro zvemudhorobha!
Slow Aperture
Rimwe remabasa ekutanga ekuvhura kunononoka i motion blur. Nekudzikisira saizi yekuvhura, nguva yakawanda inopihwa kuti mwenje upfuure nepakati pe lens, zvichibva zvaita kuti zvive nyore kutora mafambiro uye kuita senge hunyanzvi hwekudzima. Paunenge uchipfura chidzidzo chinokurumidza kufamba, kuseta nzvimbo inomira zvishoma zvishoma kunozotora zvakajeka kufamba kwayo mumifananidzo yakawanda nekufamba kwenguva uye zvichizokonzera kufamba kwekufamba.
Nepo kumhanya kwevhavha kunononoka zvishoma kunogonawo kuomesa kufamba, kushandisa chinononoka kuvhura kunobatsira kugadzira nguva yakareba yekuratidzwa pasina kuwedzera ISO kana kuderedza shutter kumhanya. Saka nekudaro, iwe unogona kushanda nyore kutenderedza chero yakaderera-mwenje mamiriro ayo angangoda imwe kana ese ari maviri ekugadzirisa.
Pamusoro peizvozvo, kuderedza aperture size inopa yakakura kudzika kwemunda (inonziwo kumashure), zvichikutendera kuti utsaure chidzidzo chako kubva kune zvakaipoteredza uye kuisa pfungwa pane zvaunoda kuratidza mumufananidzo wako. Mhedzisiro iyi yakashandiswa kwemakumi emakore mushure memakore gumi mukutora mifananidzo; semuenzaniso, kudzima zvimwe zvinhu kana vanhu vangangove vachikanganisa pfungwa yako yepakutanga nekuvaisa zvisina kujeka mukati meiyo kunyorwa kunozobatsira kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chako chikuru uye kuwedzera kukosha kwayo kuvaoni.
Aperture uye Low Light
Aperture ine simba rakananga pamifananidzo yako yakatorwa munzvimbo dzakadzika-mwenje. Mukutora mifananidzo, izvi zvinoreva hukuru hwegomba re lens iro rinotonga huwandu hwechiedza chinopinda mu sensor kamera. A gomba guru inopinza chiedza chakawanda mukati, zvichiita kuti pave nemufananidzo wakajeka. A kaburi kadiki inoita kuti chiedza chishoma mukati, uye chinoda nguva yakawanda kugadzira mufananidzo wakajeka. Izvi zvinogona kunyanya kubatsira mu zviitiko zvishoma-chiedza.
Yakadzika Chiedza Photography
Paunenge uchitora mifananidzo mumamiriro akaderera, kunzwisisa koni chimiro uye aperture settings inokosha. Aperture saizi yekuvhura mukati mekamera lens diaphragm uye nekudaro huwandu hwechiedza chakatorwa. Apertures kubva F2 kusvika F16 uye chero zvigadziriso zvechikamu pakati, zvichienderana nemhando yekamera.
Kana mamiriro ekutora mifananidzo achida zvimwe zvakawanda kana kusiyanisa, wobva wasarudza kaburi kadiki -- kuvhara kana kuderedza kuvhura lenzi -- inofanirwa. Madiki madiki aperture saizi anogadzirisa mamwe mwenje chaiwo anosvika sensor yekamera inotungamira kumifananidzo yakapinza munzvimbo dzakaderera.
Vatori vemifananidzo vane ruzivo vakanyanya vanofarira kurangarira mahombe ekuvhura, senge F2, ngachive nechiedza chakawanda nepo madiki aperture saizi akadai F4 zvinoderedza chiedza chinouya, zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kuoma pakupfura munzvimbo dzine chiedza chakaderera. Kana watarisana nerima kana mamiriro ekuvhenekesa nguva dzose wedzera chivharo chako chekuvharisa uye ISO panzvimbo yekuchinja kamera yako yakavakirwa-mukati mekuratidzira; izvi zvinochengetedza pixilation yakatsiga pamapikicha uku ichipa huwandu hunokatyamadza hweruzivo kana yakadhindwa yakazara saizi -- inonyatsokodzera magazini anopenya nemaposta!
Wide Aperture Settings
For yakaderera mwenje kutora mifananidzo, nzvimbo yakafara yekuvhura (yakaderera f/nhamba) inogona kubatsira nekubvumira mwenje wakawanda kuti upfuure nelenzi uchienda kune sensor yekamera. Iyo yakafara aperture inobatsirawo kuderedza kuzununguka kwekamera nekuda kwenguva refu yekuratidzwa inodiwa mumamiriro emwenje. Kuti uwane kudzika kwakadzika kwemhedzisiro yemunda kana sarudzo yakasarudzika, maapertures akatambanuka kana akadzika f/nhamba marongero anokurudzirwa.
Paunowedzera saizi yako yekuvhura, saizi ye "stop" yega yega pachikero inoderera uye nekudaro huwandu hwechiedza chinopindirwa hunowedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana iwe ukapeta saizi yako yekuvhura kubva pane imwe f-stop kuenda kune imwe, uri kurega chiedza chakapetwa kaviri mukati nenhanho imwe neimwe kumusoro uye kana uchibva pane imwe yakamira uchidzika unenge uchiita nepakati.
Pakupfura munzvimbo dzakaderera, zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti kumira kwega kwega kunokanganisa zvakadii kuratidzwa uye kuti ruzha rwakadii rwunogadzirwa nekumira kwega kwega shanduko. Kazhinji kutaura, imwe neimwe full-stop yaunowedzera ine inenge ruzha rwakapetwa kaviri yakabatana nayo nekuda kwekuve nemafotoni akawanda achirova sensor chero nguva uye nekudaro kuunza mutsauko wakawanda pakati pavo.
Mhoroi, ndini Kim, amai uye munhu anofarira zvekumira-famba ane ruzivo mukugadzira midhiya nekuvandudzwa kwewebhu. Ndine chido chikuru chekudhirowa uye mifananidzo, uye ikozvino ndiri kunyura nemusoro munyika yekumira-kufamba. Neblog rangu, ndiri kugovera zvandinodzidza nemi varume.
